View source for Turnera

{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}}
{{Automatic taxobox
|image = Turnera ulmifolia 01.JPG
|image_caption = ''[[Turnera ulmifolia]]''
|taxon = Turnera
|authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]<ref name="GRIN">{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?12496 |title=Genus: ''Turnera'' L. |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |date=2010-01-27 |access-date=2011-10-12}}</ref>
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision = See text
|type_species = [[Turnera ulmifolia]]
|type_species_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]] 1753
}}
'''''Turnera''''' is a genus of [[flowering plant]]s in the [[Passiflora|passionflower]] family, [[Passifloraceae]]. It contains more than 100 species native to [[Tropics|tropical]] and [[Subtropics|subtropical]] [[Americas|America]]. The name honours English naturalist [[William Turner (naturalist)|William Turner]] (1508–1568).<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NJ6PyhVuecwC |title=The Names of Plants |first=D. |last=Gledhill |edition=4 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-86645-3 |year=2008 |page=391}}</ref> It was previously placed in the family [[Turneraceae]].<ref name="GRIN"/>
==Species==
The following species are currently recognized:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Turnera Plum. ex L. {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science |url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30002520-2 |access-date=2022-11-25 |website=Plants of the World Online |language=en}}</ref>
=== A ===
* ''[[Turnera acangatinga]] <small>Costa-Lima & E.C.O.Chagas</small>''
* ''[[Turnera acaulis]]<sup>1</sup><small>Griseb.</small>''
* ''[[Turnera acuta]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Willd</small>.''
* ''[[urnera amapaensis|Turnera amapaensis]] <small>R.S.Cowan</small>''
* ''[[Turnera amazonica]]<sup>1?</sup><small>Arbo</small>''
* ''[[Turnera angelicae]] <small>Arbo</small>''
* ''[[Turnera annectens]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Arbo</small>''
* ''[[Turnera arcuata]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Urb.</small>''
* ''[[Turnera arenaria]] <small>(Spruce ex Urb.) Arbo</small>''
* ''[[Turnera argentea]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Arbo</small>''
* ''[[Turnera aromatica]]<sup>2</sup><small>Arbo</small>''
* ''[[Turnera asymmetrica]]<sup>2</sup><small>Arbo</small>''
* ''[[Turnera aurantiaca]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Benth.</small>''
* ''[[Turnera aurelioi]]<sup>1</sup> <small>Arbo</small>''
=== B ===
* ''[[Turnera bahiensis]] <small>Urb.</small>''
** var. ''bahiensis<sup>2</sup>''
** var. ''truncata<sup>2</sup> <small>Arbo.</small>''
* ''[[Turnera benthamiana]]<sup>2</sup> <small>M.R.Schomb.</small>''
* ''[[Turnera blanchetiana]] <small>Urb.</small>''
** var. ''blanchetiana<sup>2</sup>''
** var. ''subsppicata <small>Urb.</small>''
* ''[[Turnera brasiliensis]]<sup>2</sup><small>Willd. ex Schult.</small>''
* ''[[Turnera breviflora]]<sup>2</sup><small>Moura</small>''
=== C ===
* ''[[Turnera caatingana]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Arbo</small>''
* ''[[Turnera callosa]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Urb.</small>''
* ''[[Turnera campaniflora]]<sup>1</sup> <small>Arbo, Shore & S.C.H.Barrett</small>''
* ''[[Turnera candida]]<sup>1</sup> <small>Arbo</small>''
* ''[[Turnera castilloi]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Arbo</small>''
* ''[[Turnera cearensis]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Urb.</small>''
* ''[[Turnera chamaedrifolia]]<sup>3</sup> <small>Cambess.</small>''
* ''[[Turnera chrysocephala]]<sup>2</sup><small>Urb.</small>''
* ''[[Turnera cicatricosa]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Arbo</small>''
* ''[[Turnera cipoensis]]<sup>2</sup><small>Arbo</small>''
* ''[[Turnera clauseniana]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Urb.</small>''
* ''[[Turnera coccinea]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Arbo</small>''
* ''[[Turnera coerulea]]<sup>2</sup> <small>DC.</small>''
** var. ''coerulea<sup>2</sup>''
** var. ''surinamensis<sup>2</sup> <small>(Urb.) Arbo & Av.Fernández</small>''
* ''[[Turnera collotricha]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Arbo</small>''
* ''[[Turnera concinna]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Arbo</small>''
* ''[[Turnera confertiflora]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Arbo</small>''
* ''[[Turnera coriacea]] <small>Urb.</small>''
** var.  ''solium<sup>2</sup>''
* ''[[Turnera crulsii]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Urb.</small>''
* ''[[Turnera cuneiformis]]<sup>1</sup> <small>Juss. ex Poir.</small>''
* ''[[Turnera curassavica]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Urb.</small>''
=== D ===
* ''[[Turnera dasytricha]] <small>Pilg.</small>''
** var. ''crinita <small>Arbo</small>''
** var. ''dasytricha''
* ''[[Turnera diamantinae]] <small>Arbo</small>''
* ''[[Turnera dichotoma]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Gardner ex Hook.</small>''
* ''[[Turnera diffusa]] <small>Willd. ex Schult.</small>''
** var. ''diffusa<sup>2</sup>''
* ''[[Turnera discolor]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Urb.</small>''
* ''[[Turnera discors]] <small>Arbo</small>''
* ''[[Turnera dolichostigma]]<sup>2</sup><small>Urb.</small>''
=== E ===
* ''[[Turnera elliptica]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Urb.</small>''
* ''[[Turnera emendata]] <small>Arbo</small>''
=== F ===
* ''[[Turnera fasciculifolia]] <small>L.Rocha & Arbo</small>''
* ''[[Turnera fernandezii]]<sup>2</sup><small>Arbo</small>''
* ''[[Turnera fissifolia]] <small>Arbo</small>''
* ''[[Turnera foliosa]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Urb.</small>''
=== G ===
* ''[[Turnera gardneriana]]<sup>1?</sup> <small>Arbo</small>''
* ''[[Turnera genistoides]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Cambess.</small>''
* ''[[Turnera glabrata]] <small>Arbo</small>''
* ''[[Turnera glaziovii]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Urb.</small>''
* ''[[Turnera gouveiana]] <small>Arbo</small>''
* ''[[Turnera grandidentata]]<sup>2</sup> <small>(Urb.) Arbo</small>''
* ''[[Turnera grandiflora]]<sup>2</sup> <small>(Urb.) Arbo</small>''
* ''[[Turnera guianensis]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Aubl.</small>''
=== H ===
* ''[[Turnera harleyi]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Arbo</small>''
* ''[[Turnera hassleriana]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Urb.</small>''
* ''[[Turnera hermannioides]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Cambess.</small>''
* ''[[Turnera hilaireana]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Urb.</small>''
* ''[[Turnera hindsiana]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Benth.</small>''
** subspecies ''brachyantha<sup>2</sup> <small>Arbo</small>''
** subspecies ''hindsiana<sup>2</sup>''
* ''[[Turnera huberi]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Arbo</small>''
* ''[[Turnera humilis]] <small>Arbo</small>''
=== I ===
* ''[[Turnera ibateguara]] <small>Costa-Lima & E.C.O.Chagas</small>''
* ''[[Turnera ignota]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Arbo</small>''
* ''[[Turnera incana]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Cambess.</small>''
* ''[[Turnera involucrata]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Arbo</small>''
* ''[[Turnera iterata]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Arbo</small>''
=== J ===
* ''[[Turnera jobertii]] <small>Arbo</small>''
* ''[[Turnera joelii]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Arbo</small>''
=== K ===
* ''[[Turnera krapovickasii]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Arbo</small>''
* ''[[Turnera kuhlmanniana]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Arbo</small>''
=== L ===
* ''[[Turnera laciniata]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Arbo</small>''
* ''[[Turnera lamiifolia]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Cambess.</small>''
* ''[[Turnera lanceolata]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Cambess.</small>''
* ''[[Turnera leptosperma]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Urb.</small>''
* ''[[Turnera lineata]]<sup>2?</sup> <small>Urb.</small>''
* ''[[Turnera longiflora]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Cambess.</small>''
* ''[[Turnera longipes]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Triana ex Urb.</small>''
* ''[[Turnera lucida]]<sup>1</sup> <small>Urb.</small>''
* ''[[Turnera luetzelburgii]] <small>Sleumer</small>''
** var. ''dubia<sup>2</sup> <small>Arbo</small>''
** var. ''luetzelburgii<sup>2</sup>''
=== M ===
* ''[[Turnera macrophylla]]<sup>3</sup> <small>Urb.</small>''
* ''[[Turnera macrosperma]] <small>L.Rocha & Arbo</small>''
* ''[[Turnera maigualidensis]] <small>J.R.Grande & Arbo</small>''
* ''[[Turnera melanorhiza]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Urb.</small>''
** var. ''arenaria<sup>2</sup>''
** var. ''latifolia<sup>2</sup>''
** var. ''melochioides<sup>2</sup>''
** var. ''rugosa<sup>2</sup>''
* ''[[Turnera melochia]] <small>Triana & Planch.</small>''
** var. ''melochia''
** var. ''ramosissima <small>(Spruce ex Urb.) Arbo</small>''
* ''[[Turnera melochioides]] <small>Cambess.</small>''
** var. ''latifolia <small>Urb.</small>''
** var. ''melochioides <sup>2</sup>''
** var. ''rugosa <small>Arbo</small>''
=== N ===
* ''[[Turnera nervosa]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Urb.</small>''
=== O ===
* ''[[Turnera oblongifolia]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Cambess.</small>''
** var. ''goyanzensis<sup>2</sup>'' <small>(Urb.) Arbo</small>
** var. ''oblongifolia<sup>2</sup>''
* ''[[Turnera occidentalis]]<sup>1</sup> <small>Arbo & Shore</small>''
* ''[[Turnera oculata]] <small>Story</small>''
** var. ''oculata<sup>1</sup>''
** var. ''paucipilosa'' <small>(Oberm.)</small>
* ''[[Turnera odorata]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Rich.</small>''
* ''[[Turnera opifera]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Mart.</small>''
* ''[[Turnera orientalis]]<sup>1</sup> <small>(Urb.) Arbo</small>''
=== P ===
* ''[[Turnera panamensis]]<sup>2</sup><small>Urb</small>''
* ''[[Turnera paradoxa]] <small>Arbo</small>''
* ''[[Turnera paruana]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Arbo</small>''
* ''[[Turnera patens]] <small>Arbo</small>''
* ''[[Turnera pinifolia]]<sup>1</sup> <small>Cambess.</small>''
* ''[[Turnera pohliana]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Urb.</small>''
* ''[[Turnera prancei]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Arbo</small>''
* ''[[Turnera pumilea]] <small>L.</small>''
** var. ''piauhyensis<sup>2</sup> <small>Urb.</small>''
** var. ''pumilea<sup>1</sup>''
* ''[[Turnera purpurascens]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Arbo</small>''
=== R ===
* ''[[Turnera reginae]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Arbo</small>''
* ''[[Turnera revoluta]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Urb.</small>''
* ''[[Turnera riedeliana]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Urb.</small>''
* ''[[Turnera rosulata]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Arbo</small>''
* ''[[Turnera rupestris]] <small>Aubl.</small>''
** var. ''frutescemces <small>(Aubl.) Urb.</small>''
** var. ''rupestris<sup>2</sup>''
=== S ===
* ''[[Turnera sancta]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Arbo</small>''
* ''[[Turnera scabra]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Millsp.</small>''
* ''[[Turnera serrata]] <small>Vell.</small>''
** var. ''brevifolia<sup>2</sup> <small>Urb.</small>''
** var. ''latifolia <small>Urb.</small>''
** var. ''serrata <sup>2</sup>''
* ''[[Turnera sidoides]] <small>L.</small>''
** subsp. ''carnea<sup>3</sup> <small>(Cambess.) Arbo</small>''
** subsp. ''holosericea<sup>3</sup> <small>(Urb.) Arbo</small>''
** subsp. ''integrifolia<sup>2</sup> <small>(Griseb.) Arbo</small>''
** subsp. ''pinnatifida<sup>2</sup> <small>(Juss. ex Poir.) Arbo</small>''
** subsp. ''sidoides<sup>3</sup>''
* ''[[Turnera simulans]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Arbo</small>''
* ''[[Turnera stachydifolia]] <small>Urb. & Rolfe</small>''
** var. ''flexuosa <small>Urb.</small>''
** var. ''stachydifolia<sup>2</sup>''
* ''[[Turnera stenophylla]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Urb.</small>''
* ''[[Turnera steyermarkii]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Arbo</small>''
* ''[[Turnera stipularis]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Urb.</small>''
* ''[[Turnera subnuda]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Urb.</small>''
* ''[[Turnera subulata]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Sm.</small>''
=== T ===
* ''[[Turnera tapajoensis]]<sup>1?</sup><small>Moura</small>''
* ''[[Turnera tenuicaulis]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Urb.</small>''
* ''[[Turnera thomasii]]<sup>1</sup> <small>(Urb.) Story</small>''
* ''[[Turnera triglandulosa]] <small>Millsp.</small>''
* ''[[Turnera trigona]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Urb.</small>''
=== U ===
* ''[[Turnera uleana]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Urb.</small>''
* ''[[Turnera ulmifolia]]<sup>1</sup> <small>L.</small>''
** var. ''acuta<sup>1</sup> <small>(Mill.) Willd.</small>''
** var. ''ulmifolia<sup>1</sup>''
* ''[[Turnera urbanii]]<sup>1</sup> <small>Arbo</small>''
=== V ===
* ''[[Turnera vallisii]] <small>Arbo</small>''
* ''[[Turnera velutina]]<sup>1</sup> <small>C.Presl</small>''
* ''[[Turnera venezuelana]] <small>Arbo</small>''
* ''[[Turnera venosa]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Urb.</small>''
* ''[[Turnera vicaria]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Arbo</small>''
* ''[[Turnera violacea]] <small>Brandegee</small>''
=== W ===
* ''[[Turnera weddelliana]]<sup>2</sup> <small>Urb. & Rolfe</small>''
=== Z ===
* ''[[Turnera zeasperma]] <small>C.D.Adams & V.Bean</small>''
==== <small>Notes on the number of floral morphs</small> ====
<small>''1,2,3'' denote the number of floral morphs (1 = homostylous, 2 = distylous, 3 = distylous with intermediate morph)<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Rocha |first1=Lamarck |last2=Ribeiro |first2=Patrícia Luz |last3=Endress |first3=Peter K. |last4=Rapini |first4=Alessandro |date=2019 |title=A brainstorm on the systematics of Turnera (Turneraceae, Malpighiales) caused by insights from molecular phylogenetics and morphological evolution |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |language=en |volume=137 |pages=44–63 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2019.04.015|pmid=30999036 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2019MolPE.137...44R }}</ref></small><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Shore |first1=Joel S. |last2=Arbo |first2=Maria M. |last3=Fernández |first3=Aveliano |date=2006 |title=Breeding system variation, genetics and evolution in the Turneraceae |journal=New Phytologist |language=en |volume=171 |issue=3 |pages=539–551 |doi=10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01807.x |pmid=16866957 |issn=0028-646X|doi-access=free |hdl=11336/41821 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> <small>''?'' Denotes uncertain annotations.</small> <small>Those unannotated are missing data.</small>
=== Formerly placed in the genus ===
*''[[Piriqueta cistoides]]'' <small>(L.) Griseb.</small> (as ''T. cistoides'' <small>L.</small> or ''T. tomentosa'' <small>Willd.</small>)
*''[[Piriqueta racemosa]]'' <small>(Jacq.) Sweet</small> (as ''T. ovata'' <small>Bello</small> or ''T. racemosa'' <small>Jacq.</small>)<ref name="GRINSpecies">{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?12496 |title=GRIN Species Records of ''Turnera'' |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |access-date=2011-01-29 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924075538/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?12496 |archive-date=2015-09-24 }}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikispecies}}
*[http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=TURNE USDA PLANTS Profile]
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2119788}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Turnera| ]]
[[Category:Malpighiales genera]]
[[Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot]]
{{Passifloraceae-stub}}