View source for Type 062 gunboat

{{Short description|Class of patrol boats}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin
| sclass = 2
}}
{{Infobox ship image
| Ship image = Type 062-class gunboat, October 2014-1.jpg
| Ship caption = Shanghai II-class gunboat
| Ship image size = 300
}}
{{Infobox ship class overview
|Name=Shanghai I & II class
|Builders=
|Operators={{navy|PRC}}
|Class before={{sclass2|Shantou|gunboat|5}} & {{sclass2|Huangpu|gunboat|4}}es
|Class after=Type 062I (Shanghai III class)
|Subclasses=*Shanghai I-class gunboat
*Shanghai II-class gunboat
|Cost=
|Built range=
|In service range=
|In commission range=1950s-1990s
|Total ships building=
|Total ships planned=
|Total ships completed=30 (PLAN)
|Total ships cancelled=
|Total ships active=
|Total ships laid up=
|Total ships lost=
|Total ships retired=30 (PLAN)
|Total ships preserved=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
| Hide header =
| Header caption =
| Ship type = Gunboat
| Ship tonnage =
| Ship displacement = *''Shanghai-I class'' :
*{{convert|125|t}} full
*''Shanghai-II class'' :
*{{convert|135|t}} full
| Ship length = *''Shanghai-I class'' : {{convert|36|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
*''Shanghai-II class'' : {{convert|38.78|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| Ship beam = *''Shanghai-I class'' : {{convert|5.5|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
*''Shanghai-II class'' : {{convert|5.41|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| Ship height =
| Ship draft = *''Shanghai-I class'' : {{convert|1.6|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
*''Shanghai-II class'' : {{convert|1.55|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| Ship power =
| Ship propulsion = *2 × Soviet M50F-4 [[diesel engine]]s, {{convert|1200|hp|0|abbr=on}}
*2 × 12D6 diesel engines, {{convert|910|hp|0|abbr=on}}
*4 × shafts
| Ship speed = {{convert|28.5|kn|lk=in}}
| Ship range = {{convert|750|nmi|km|abbr=on|lk=in}} at {{convert|16.5|kn}}
| Ship endurance =
| Ship complement = 36
| Ship sensors = 1 × navigational ''or'' surface search radar
| Ship EW =
| Ship armament = *''Shanghai-I class'' :
*1 × twin Type 66 {{convert|57|mm|in|abbr=on}} gun
*4 × [[Type 61 25mm AAA guns|Type 61]] {{convert|25|mm|in|abbr=on}} guns (2×2)
*8 × [[Depth charges]]
*''Shanghai-II class'' :
*4 × Chinese Type 61 {{convert|37|mm|in|abbr=on}} guns (2×2)
*4 × Chinese Type 61 {{convert|25|mm|in|abbr=on}} guns (2×2)
*1 × Chinese {{convert|81|mm|in|abbr=on}} [[Recoilless rifle|recoilless gun]] (some)
*8 × Depth charges
| Ship armour =
| Ship notes =
}}
|}
The '''Type 062 gunboat''' is a [[Ship class|class]] of [[gunboat]] of the [[People's Liberation Army Navy]] first developed and constructed in the 1950s. This unsophisticated class is relatively well-armed for its size and is the most widely built and exported Chinese naval vessel in terms of numbers. A total of 30 were built, initial boats being known as the Shanghai I class and later slightly improved boats being known as the Shanghai II class. The Shanghai I class was slightly smaller than its successor, the Shanghai II class, displacing 125 tons instead of 135 tons, and had a twin Chinese Type 66 57&nbsp;mm gun mount forward. All other specifications are identical to the Shanghai II class, which replaced the 57&nbsp;mm with twin 37&nbsp;mm gun mounts. Some boats remained in active service well into the early 1990s in the [[People's Liberation Army Navy|PLA navy]] and longer in the case of the [[Korean People's Navy]].
==Origin==
Type 062 gunboat is a result of several competing/developmental designs, all in response of PLAN's request of a new 100 ton gunboats, first of which was '''Type 0108''' gunboat<ref name=gb0>{{cite web| url=http://www.mzfxw.com/e/action/ShowInfo.php?classid=18&id=115247 | title=Type 062 origin |language=Zh-hans | date=March 1, 2019}}</ref> that was based on [[Naval Vessels Naming Regulation#Ship Prefixes|PLANS]] '''Sea Whale (Hai Jing, 海鲸)''', an [[E-boat]] that was ex-[[Republic of China Navy|ROCS]] No 101. Specification:
*Displacement: 110 ton {{clarify|what kind of ton?|date=March 2024}}
*Length: 33.5 meter
*Propulsion: 4 ex-Soviet M50F-3 [[diesel engine]], 4800 horse power, 4 shafts
*Armament: 1 twin [[37 mm automatic air defense gun M1939 (61-K)|37mm]], 1 twin [[25 mm automatic air defense gun M1940 (72-K)|25 mm]] guns
*Speed: 30.4 kn
Also referred as “81 gunboat (81炮艇)”, construction begun in November 1958 at Naval Shipyard 301 (current Plant No. 4808), and completed at the end of 1959, but proved not successful, with only 1 unit built and since retired. A follow-on design was the '''Type 0110''' gunboat, which was built by Huangpu Shipyard (Naval Shipyard No 201),<ref name=gb0/> with a total of 3 completed in 1960. Specification:
*Displacement: 120 ton {{clarify|what kind of ton?|date=March 2024}}
*Length: 35.53 meter
*Beam: 5.48 meter
*Draft: 1.6 meter
*Propulsion: 4 ex-Soviet M50F-3 [[diesel engine]], 4800 horse power, 4 shafts
*Armament: 1 twin [[37 mm automatic air defense gun M1939 (61-K)|37mm guns]], 1 twin [[KPV heavy machine gun#Versions|ZPU-2 14.5 mm machine guns]]
*Speed: 28.5 kn
*Endurance: 650&nbsp;nmi
Based on experience gained from [[Type 0105 gunboat|Type 105]], 0108, & 0110,<ref name=gb0/> PLAN issued a new requirement which was assigned to [[Dalian Shipyard]], with the first unit completed in 1961, designated as '''Type 0111'''. Specification:
*Displacement: 115 ton {{clarify|what kind of ton?|date=March 2024}}
*Length: 38.78 meter
*Propulsion: 4 ex-Soviet M50F-3 [[diesel engine]], 4800 horse power, 4 shafts
*Armament: 1 twin ZIF-31 57&nbsp;mm, 1 twin [[25 mm automatic air defense gun M1940 (72-K)|25 mm]] guns
*Speed: 30.2 kn
After evaluation completed in October 1962,<ref name=gb0/> PLAN decided to improve the design based on Type 0111 and then mass-produce the improved design.<ref name=gb0/> Redesign work was assigned to No 708 Institute, and in July 1963, the improvement redesign Type 0111Jia (甲) was formally designated as Type 062.
==Type 062 gunboat==
The Type 062 gunboat ([[NATO reporting name]]: '''Shanghai I & II class'''), is a family of gunboats built to replace the preceding {{sclass2|Shantou|gunboat|5}} and {{sclass2|Huangpu|gunboat|0}} gunboats.<ref>Couhat Jean. Combat Fleets of the world 1982/1983 Their Ships, Aircraft, and Armament Paris: Editions Maritimes et d'Outre-Mer, 1981 {{ISBN|0-87021-125-0}} Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 78-50192 Pg.1</ref>
During the late 1950s, the PLAN found they needed a more powerful gunboat, as the 50-80-[[ton]] class Shantou and Huangpu-class gunboats were too small and lacked both firepower and endurance. Several prototypes are built by different shipyards. They were the Type 0105 from Luda (3), the Type 0108 from Qingdao (1), the Type 0109 from Shanghai (10), and the Type 0110 from Guangzhou (3). Displacement of the prototypes varied from 100 to 150 [[ton|t]], speed varied from {{convert|28|-|30|kn|lk=in}}, with different weapon arrangements including 57IIx1, 37IIx1, 14.5IIx2 or 37IIx2,14.5IIx2. In 1960, a hybrid of all the prototypes, Type 0111 was laid down at Dalian shipyard, Luda. Full production variants became known as the Type 062.
A total of 30 were built, initial boats being known as the Shanghai I class and later slightly improved boats being known as the Shanghai II class. Some boats even remained in active service well into the early 1990s. The Shanghai I class was slightly smaller than its successor, the Shanghai II class, displacing 125 tons instead of 135 tons, and had a twin Chinese Type 66 57&nbsp;mm gun mount forward. All other specifications are identical to the Shanghai II class, which replaced the 57&nbsp;mm with twin 37&nbsp;mm gun mounts.
The L-12V-180 diesel engines used on the Type 062 were prone to overheating, thirsty for fuel and had a poor working life. So the smaller L-12D-6 diesel engine was introduced. The new engine was more fuel efficient and had a longer life, but rated only {{convert|910|hp|lk=in}}, resulting in a maximum speed of only {{convert|28.5|kn}}. The low speed disappointed PLAN and was one of the reasons construction ended at 30 boats.
===Exports===
[[File:2014 coast guard ship type 062 built in Romania.jpg|thumb|2014 coast guard ship type 062 built in Romania for East Timor]]
A number have been exported to foreign customers, with most still remaining in service:
*{{flag|Albania}}
**[[Albanian Naval Defense Forces]]
*{{flag|Bangladesh}}
**[[Bangladesh Navy]]<ref name="Goldrick1997">{{cite book |last=Goldrick |first=James |author-link=James Goldrick |year=1997 |title=No Easy Answers: The Development of the Navies of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka 1945—1996 |url=https://www.navy.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/PIAMA02.pdf |publisher=Lancer Publishers & Distributors |isbn=1-897829-027}}</ref>{{rp|162, 165}}
**[[Bangladesh Coast Guard]]
*{{flag|Democratic Republic of Congo}}
**[[Navy of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
*{{flag|Egypt}}
**[[Egyptian Navy]]
*{{flag|North Korea}}
**[[Korean People's Navy]]
*{{flag|Pakistan}}
**[[Pakistan Navy]]<ref name="Goldrick1997" />{{rp|146}}
*{{Flag|Seychelles}}
** [[Seychelles Coast Guard]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=New patrol boat to boost Seychelles' capability to better protect EEZ -Archive -Seychelles Nation |url=https://www.nation.sc/archive/242046/new-patrol-boat-to-boost-seychelles-capability-to-better-protect-eez |access-date=2023-12-20 |website=www.nation.sc}}</ref>
*{{flag|Sierra Leone}}
**[[Republic of Sierra Leone Armed Forces]]
*{{flag|Sri Lanka}}
**[[Sri Lanka Navy]]<ref name="Goldrick1997" />{{rp|179, 187}}
*{{flag|Tunisia}}
**[[Tunisian Navy]]
*{{flag|East Timor}}
**[[Timor Leste Defence Force]]: Type 062 ships were built under license in Roumania between 1972 and 1989 . The project was adapted by roumanian naval engineers for use in the rough conditions of the Black Sea.There were four variants of the type 062 in the Roumanian Navy: coast guard ship (deleted in 2014), submarine hunters (deleted in the 1990s), a variant for civil use and two vessels for divers (in active service).<ref name="Goldrick1997" />{{rp|[6]}}
===Fushun-class minesweeper===
'''Fushun-class minesweeper''' was developed from the Shanghai II-class gunboat. This minesweeper version had a reduced armament, with mine-sweeping gear replacing some of the weapons. All other characteristics of this class are identical to the Shanghai II class, and all of 20 units were transferred to the reserves, subordinated to the naval militia for training purposes. As of 2015 they have all been mothballed.
{{-}}
==Type 062I-class gunboat==
{|{{Infobox ship begin |display title=none}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=
|Ship caption=
}}
{{Infobox ship class overview
|Name=Shanghai III class
|Builders=
|Operators={{navy|PRC}}
|Class before=Type 062 (Shanghai I & II class)
|Class after=[[Type 022 missile boat]]
|Subclasses=
|Cost=
|Built range=
|In service range=
|In commission range=1988-present (PLAN)
|Total ships building=
|Total ships planned=
|Total ships completed=Total number unknown, widely exported
|Total ships cancelled=
|Total ships active=*17 (PLAN)
*Unknown export number
|Total ships laid up=
|Total ships lost=
|Total ships retired=
|Total ships preserved=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Ship class=
|Ship type=Gunboat
|Ship tonnage=
|Ship displacement= {{convert|170|t}}
|Ship length={{convert|41|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship beam={{convert|5.3|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship height=
|Ship draft={{convert|1.8|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship depth=
|Ship hold depth=
|Ship power=
|Ship propulsion=*2 × Chinese L-12V-180A [[diesel engine]]s, {{convert|4400|hp|0|abbr=on}}
*4 × shafts
|Ship speed={{convert|25|kn|lk=in}}+
|Ship range= {{convert|750|mi|km|abbr=on}} at {{convert|17|kn}}
|Ship endurance=
|Ship complement=43
|Ship sensors=1 × Pot Head surface search radar
|Ship EW=
|Ship armament=*4 × Chinese Type 76A {{convert|37|mm|in|abbr=on}} guns (2×2)
*4 × Chinese or Soviet {{convert|23|mm|in|abbr=on}} [[heavy machine gun]]s (2×2)
|Ship armour=
|Ship notes=
}}
|}
The Type 062I-class gunboat (NATO: Shanghai III class), is the successor of the original Type 062 Shanghai I & II-class gunboats of the People's Liberation Army Navy. The Shanghai III-class gunboat is more heavily armed than its predecessor, with the 23&nbsp;mm guns replacing the 14.5&nbsp;mm [[heavy machine gun]]s and is also substantially larger at 170 tons. Significantly more Shanghai III-class gunboats have entered service in foreign navies than in the People's Liberation Army Navy, and the ones in the Chinese inventory are mainly used for training foreign crews, and not all export boats have the same configuration due to different customers' requirements. They are primarily used for coastal and inland patrol.
===Haizhui-class submarine chaser===
The Haizhui-class [[submarine chaser]] is based on the Type 062I-class gunboat and entered service in the early 1960s. It was a stopgap measure as a follow on class to {{sclass|Kronshtadt|submarine chaser|1}} before the arrival of the [[Type 037 corvette|Type 037 submarine chaser]] in the mid-1960s. Although Type 062I originated as a gunboat, the submarine chaser version was more successful in serving the People's Liberation Army Navy, actually serving operationally rather than a training vessel for foreign crews. The gunboat version is more successful in export market, however.
===Exports===
*{{flagicon|East Timor}} [[East Timor]]<ref>[http://timor-leste.gov.tl/?p=2865&lang=en Government of Timor-Leste: Ceremony for the Delivery of New Patrols Vessels, Jaco Class, to the F-FDTL Naval Force]</ref>
*{{flagicon|Sri Lanka}} [[Sri Lanka]]
==See also==
*[[Type 056 corvette]]
*[[Type 037 corvette]]
*[[Type 022 missile boat]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
*[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/dprk/p-shanghai-ii.htm Shanghai II-class gunboat] (globalsecurity.org)
*[https://www.despremarinaromana.com/2023/05/vedetele-maritime-de-patrulare-din.html Type 0111C ships in the Roumanian Navy ] (despremarinaromana.com)
{{Ship classes of the Chinese Navy}}
[[Category:Gunboat classes]]
[[Category:Gunboats of the People's Liberation Army Navy]]
[[Category:Gunboats of the Korean People's Navy]]
[[Category:Gunboats of the Sri Lanka Navy]]