View source for USS S-27

{{short description|Submarine of the United States}}
{{Use American English|date=November 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
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{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=USS S-27 (SS-132).jpg
|Ship caption=USS ''S-27''
}}
{{Infobox ship career
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|Ship country=United States
|Ship flag={{USN flag|1942}}
|Ship name=USS ''S-27''
|Ship namesake=
|Ship ordered=March 1917
|Ship builder=[[Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation]], [[Quincy, Massachusetts|Quincy]],&nbsp;[[Massachusetts]]
|Ship laid down=11 April 1919
|Ship launched=18 October 1922
|Ship sponsor=Mrs. Frank Baldwin
|Ship acquired=
|Ship commissioned=22 January 1924
|Ship decommissioned=
|Ship in service=
|Ship out of service=
|Ship struck=
|Ship homeport=
|Ship motto=
|Ship nickname=
|Ship honors=
|Ship fate=Wrecked 19 June 1942
|Ship notes=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Ship class=[[United States S-class submarine|''S''-class]] [[submarine]]
|Ship displacement=*{{convert|854|LT|t|0|abbr=on}} surfaced
*{{convert|1062|LT|t|0|abbr=on}} submerged
|Ship length={{convert|219|ft|3|in|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship beam={{convert|20|ft|8|in|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship draft={{convert|15|ft|11|in|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship propulsion=
|Ship speed=*{{convert|14.5|kn|mph km/h|lk=in|abbr=on}} surfaced
*{{convert|11|kn|mph km/h|abbr=on}} submerged
|Ship range=
|Ship test depth=
|Ship complement=42 officers and men
|Ship sensors=
|Ship EW=
|Ship armament=*1 × [[4"/50 caliber gun|{{convert|4|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}]]/50 [[deck gun]]
*4 × [[American 21 inch torpedo|21 inch (533 mm)]] [[torpedo tube]]s
|Ship notes=
}}
|}
'''USS ''S-27'' (SS-132)''' was a [[United States S-class submarine|''S''-class]] [[submarine]] of the [[United States Navy]].
==Construction and commissioning==
''S-27''′s construction was authorized in March 1917, and her [[keel]] was [[Keel-laying|laid down]] on 11 April 1919 by [[Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation]]'s [[Fore River Shipyard]] in [[Quincy, Massachusetts|Quincy]], [[Massachusetts]]. She was [[Ceremonial ship launching|launched]] on 18 October 1922, sponsored by Mrs. Frank Baldwin, and [[Ship commissioning|commissioned]] at [[Groton, Connecticut|Groton]], [[Connecticut]], on 22 January 1924.
==Service history==
Based at [[New London, Connecticut|New London]], Connecticut, through 1924, ''S-27'' transferred to the [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] in 1925, and, after exercises in the [[Hawaiian Islands]] during the spring of 1925, arrived at her new homeport, [[San Diego]], [[California]], in June 1925. She was based in [[Southern California]] until 1931 and, except for fleet maneuvers, operated primarily off that coast. Fleet maneuvers, exercises, and [[Fleet Problem]]s took her to the west coast of [[Central America]], to the [[Panama Canal Zone]], into the [[Caribbean Sea]], and to [[Hawaii]].
In 1931, ''S-27'' was transferred to Hawaii, and on 23 February 1931 she arrived at [[Pearl Harbor]], Hawaii, from which she operated until 16 June 1939, when she departed for San Diego. She arrived there on 27 June 1939 and resumed operations off the coast of Southern California, conducting exercises and tests, primarily for the Underwater Sound Training School. In late November 1941, she proceeded to [[Mare Island]], California, where she began an overhaul.
===World War II===
''S-27'' still was undergoing overhaul when the [[United States]] entered [[World War II]] with the Japanese [[attack on Pearl Harbor]] of 7 December 1941. After completion of her overhaul, she stood out of [[San Francisco Bay]] on 23 January 1942 and headed south. On 26 January 1942 she arrived at San Diego, and where resumed operations for the Underwater Sound Training School, which she continued into the spring of 1942. Then ordered north to the [[Aleutian Islands]], she departed San Diego on 20 May 1942, proceeded to [[Port Angeles, Washington|Port Angeles]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]], and then continued on to the waters of the [[Territory of Alaska]], where she commenced patrol operations.
On 12 June 1942, a little over a week after the beginning of the [[Aleutian Islands campaign]], ''S-27'' put into [[Dutch Harbor]] on [[Amaknak Island]] off [[Unalaska]] in the [[Aleutian islands]], took on provisions, refueled, and then headed west with orders to patrol in the [[Kuluk Bay]] area on the northeastern side of [[Adak Island]] and reconnoiter [[Constantine Harbor]] on the coast of [[Amchitka]]. On the night of 16–17 June 1942, she received orders to move to [[Kiska]]. On 18 June 1942, she reconnoitered Constantine Harbor, found no signs of enemy activity in the evacuated village there, and moved on to round the southern end of Amchitka, from which she would proceed to Kiska. In mid-afternoon on 18 June 1942, she rounded [[East Cape (Amchitka)|East Cape]].
===Grounding and loss===
When ''S-27'' surfaced on the evening of 18 June 1942, [[fog]] obscured her position. Lying to, to charge her [[Electric battery|batteries]] on both engines, she was carried about {{convert|5|nmi}} from her estimated position based on [[dead reckoning]] position. The fog prevented her crew from detecting that she was drifting. At midnight, she got underway slowly on one engine and continued to charge on the other. Soon after 00:43 on 19 June 1942, her crew sighted [[Breaking wave|breakers]] about {{convert|25|yd|m}} forward of her [[Bow (ship)|bow]]. "Back emergency" orders were given, but seconds later she grounded on rocks off [[St. Makarius Point]].
[[Wave]]s bumped ''S-27'' violently against the rocks, rolling her 10° to 15° on each side. Her engines continued at "back emergency", but a submerged rock held her firmly. Her crew dumped fuel to lighten her and continued efforts to back off the rocks, but the lightened submarine only swung harder against the rocks. Her [[Port and starboard|starboard]] [[Propeller|screw]] struck a rock and was disabled. ''S-27''′s crew attempted to force her ahead to clear the [[stern]], but she only moved about {{convert|20|ft|m}} forward before the rocks again held her fast. Her crew [[Depth sounding|sounded]] the immediate area, but found no passage. She transmitted the first of six distress signals at 01:15, but Dutch Harbor received only one of them, and it did not give her position.
By 03:30, the pounding of the sea had increased, and ''S-27'' [[commanding officer]], Lieutenant H. L. Jukes, made plans to move the greater part of her crew off, and her crew set up a ferry system, using a rubber boat and lines rigged between the submarine and the beach. Men, provisions, clothing, guns, and medical supplies were transferred safely to Amchitka. By 11:00, all but six of her crew — Jukes and five others — were ashore. The men still aboard destroyed ''S-27''s equipment and burned her [[Classified information in the United States|classified material]]. By 15:30, ''S-27''′s side plating was loose and her [[torpedo]] room was flooding and three of the remaining men went ashore. At 15:50, the last three men — the radioman, the [[executive officer]], and Jukes — left the submarine.
''S-27''′s crew spent the night of 19–20 June 1942 in an unsheltered cove. On 20 June 1942, the crew set up camp at Constantine Harbor, using buildings and heating equipment there which had survived a Japanese bombing. By 21 June 1942, the camp was fully organized, with established routines, including sentries and lookouts. Trips to and from the cove continued for three days. ''S-27'' crewmembers reboarded her on 21 and 22 June 1942 to take off more supplies, but thereafter, the presence of poisonous [[chlorine gas]] due to the reaction of [[seawater]] with her [[battery cell]]s precluded further visits.
On 24 June 1942, a U.S. Navy [[Consolidated PBY Catalina|PBY Catalina]] [[flying boat]] piloted by [[Lieutenant (junior grade)|Lieutenant, junior grade]], [[Julius A. Raven]], [[United States Navy Reserve|USNR]], on a routine flight spotted the activity at Constantine Harbor, landed, and took off 15 of the survivors. On 25 June 1942, three planes arrived to take off the remainder. The men destroyed all guns they had [[Marine salvage|salvaged]] from ''S-27'' before they departed, leaving behind nothing except ''S-27''′s abandoned wreck and canned provisions, blankets, and winter clothing.
==References==
*{{DANFS|http://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/s/s-27.html}}
==External links==
*[http://www.oneternalpatrol.com/uss-s-27-132.htm On Eternal Patrol: USS ''S-27'']
*{{navsource|08/08132|S-27}}
{{United States S class submarine}}
{{June 1942 shipwrecks}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:S-27 (SS-132)}}
[[Category:1922 ships]]
[[Category:1942 in Alaska]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in June 1942]]
[[Category:Ships built in Quincy, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Ships of the Aleutian Islands campaign]]
[[Category:Shipwrecks of the Alaska coast]]
[[Category:United States S-class submarines|S-27]]
[[Category:United States submarine accidents]]
[[Category:Lost submarines of the United States|S-27, USS]]
[[Category:World War II shipwrecks in the Pacific Ocean]]
[[Category:World War II submarines of the United States]]