View source for USS Santiago de Cuba

{{short description|Gunboat of the United States Navy}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
| Ship image = USS Santiago de Cuba.jpg
| Ship caption = USS ''Santiago de Cuba'' (1861)
}}
{{Infobox ship career
| Hide header =
| Ship country = United States Navy
| Ship flag = [[File:US Naval Jack 36 stars.svg|48px|Union Navy Jack]]   {{USN flag|1861}}
| Ship name = USS ''Santiago de Cuba''
| Ship namesake =
| Ship builder = Jeremiah Simonson
| Ship original cost = $200,000
| Ship laid down =
| Ship launched = 2 April 1861 at [[Brooklyn, New York]]
| Ship completed =
| Ship acquired = 6 September 1861
| Ship commissioned = 5 November 1861
| Ship decommissioned = 17 June 1865
| Ship struck =
| Ship fate = sold, 21 September 1865
}}
{{Infobox ship career
| Hide header = Title
| Ship country = United States
| Ship flag = {{shipboxflag|United States|civil}}
| Ship name = ''Santiago de Cuba''
| Ship namesake =
| Ship original cost = $108,000
| Ship acquired = 21 September 1865
| Ship out of service = 1886
| Ship identification = *[[Official Number]] 22825
*Signal letters H.R.G.N
}}
{{Infobox ship career
| Hide header = Title
| Ship country = United States
| Ship flag = {{shipboxflag|United States|civil}}
| Ship name = ''Marion''
| Ship namesake =
| Ship type = Schooner barge
| Ship owner = F. H. & A. H. Chappell Company
| Ship acquired = 1886
| Ship out of service = 1899
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
| Hide header =
| Header caption =
| Ship type =
| Ship displacement = 1,567 tons
| Ship length = {{convert|229|ft|m|abbr=on}}
| Ship beam = {{convert|38|ft|m|abbr=on}}
| Ship draft= {{cvt|16|ft|2|in}} (max.)
| Ship hold depth = {{cvt|27|ft}}
| Ship power =
| Ship propulsion = *sail and [[steam engine]]
*side wheel-propelled
| Ship sail plan =
| Ship speed = 14 knots
| Ship range =
| Ship complement = 114 officers and enlisted
| Ship armament = *two 20-pounder [[Parrott rifle]]s
*eight 32-pounder guns
}}
|}
'''USS ''Santiago de Cuba''''' was a [[Paddle steamer|side-wheel steamship]] acquired by the [[Union Navy]] during the first year of the [[American Civil War]]. She was outfitted as a [[gunboat]] with powerful 20-pounder rifled guns and 32-pounder cannon and was assigned to the [[Union blockade]] of the [[Confederate States of America]].  She was notably successful in this role, capturing several blockade runners.  Her last major action of the war was the assault on [[Fort Fisher]], during which seven of her crew won the [[Medal of Honor]].
After the war she was sold by the Navy and began a long career of commercial service as a passenger liner and freighter.  It is evident from the string of short assignments with a variety of shipping lines that she was not ideally suited for this role.  Her paddlewheel propulsion and wooden hull were already obsolescing at the time of the Civil War, when modern ships were constructed with propellers and iron hulls.  By one account, she was the last paddlewheel steamer to cross the Atlantic.  Finally, in 1886, her engine was removed and she was converted into a barge for transporting coal.  She disappears from Federal records in 1899 and her ultimate fate is unknown.
== Construction and characteristics ==
''Santiago de Cuba'' was commissioned by Valiente & Co. of Cuba.  As the project developed, Valiente and other Cuban shareholders joined with American financiers and lawyers to form a New York Corporation, the Cuba and New York Steamship Company.  The ship was intended to establish a steamship line between [[New York City]] and [[Santiago de Cuba]].  Her original cost was estimated to be $140,000.<ref>{{Cite news|date=December 22, 1860|title=Ship Building in 1860|work=Commercial Advertiser|url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A1044E924036998A0%40GB3NEWS-12FFA2DC89AADA80%402400767-12FE96D5CC6A8EF0%400-138463A0F447C03C%40Ship%2BBuilding%2Bin%2B1860?h=100&fname=&mname=&lname=&kwinc=Santiago%20de%20Cuba&kwexc=&rgfromDate=1860&rgtoDate=1861&formDate=&formDateFlex=exact&dateType=range&processingtime=&addedFrom=&addedTo=&page=6&sid=ogcvwtxhqvtnxuxjcjophoacnimsyxrh_wma-gateway011_1636677867065}}</ref>  Her hull was built in Jeremiah Simonson's shipyard in [[Greenpoint, Brooklyn]], New York.  Construction was begun in 1860 and she was launched on 2 April 1861.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|date=March 31, 1861|title=The New Steamship Santiago de Cuba|work=New York Herald|url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A11A050B7B120D3F8%40GB3NEWS-11B32E9CA209B6F0%402400866-11B32E9CB4458FB0%400-11B32E9D40629260%40The%2BNew%2BSteamship%2BSantiago%2BDe%2BCuba?h=1&fname=&mname=&lname=&kwinc=Santiago%20de%20Cuba&kwexc=&rgfromDate=1860&rgtoDate=1861&formDate=&formDateFlex=exact&dateType=range&processingtime=&addedFrom=&addedTo=&sid=ogcvwtxhqvtnxuxjcjophoacnimsyxrh_wma-gateway011_1636677867065}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Appeals|first=New York (State) Court of|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BPe3pFdGKD0C&q=%22santiago+de+cuba%22|title=New York Court of Appeals. Records and Briefs.|date=1871|language=en}}</ref>
Her frame was constructed of white oak, [[Larix laricina|hackmatack]], and chestnut, reinforced with iron strapping.  Her hull planking was white oak.  She was {{Convert|229|ft|m}} long, with a beam of {{Convert|38|ft|m}}, and a depth of hold of {{Convert|27|ft|m}}.  She had a fully loaded draft of {{Convert|16|ft|2|in|m}} and a displacement of 1,567 tons.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Santiago de Cuba (Side Wheel Steamer)|url=https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/nhhc/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/s/santiagodecuba.html|access-date=2021-11-12|website=Naval History and Heritage Command|publisher=United States Navy|language=en-US}}</ref>  She had two decks.  As originally built, she had 50 first-class staterooms, a dining room, and a lady's salon.<ref name=":1"/><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|date=March 14, 1861|title=Business at the Shipyards|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/20512113/?terms=Santiago%20de%20Cuba%22%20launched&match=1}}</ref>
The ship was propelled by [[Paddle wheel|side-mounted paddlewheels]] which were {{Convert|29|ft|m}} in diameter and {{Convert|9.5|ft|m}} wide.  They were powered by a [[Marine steam engine|walking beam steam engine]].  The engine was built by Neptune Iron Works of New York City.  Its one-cylinder had a diameter of {{Convert|67|in|m}} and a stroke of {{Convert|12|ft|m}}.<ref name=":0"/>  Steam was provided by two coal-fired boilers.<ref name=":1"/>  Her maximum speed was 14 knots.<ref name=":3"/>  She was also capable of sailing and was [[Brigantine|brigantine-rigged.]]
In 1877 ''Santiago de Cuba'' was converted from a paddle-wheel steamer to a propeller steamer at the [[Philadelphia]] shipyard of [[Neafie & Levy|Neafie and Levy]].  Her paddle wheels, boilers, steam engine, and associated machinery were removed and portions of her hull rebuilt to accommodate the new propulsion system.  Record of her new power plant has been lost, but those of ''Morro Castle'' survive.  She was also owned by the Clyde Lines and converted at the same time at the same shipyard, so her new equipment was likely similar if not identical to ''Santiago de Cuba's''.  ''Morro Castle's'' new engine had a single cylinder {{Convert|50|in|cm}} in diameter with a stroke of {{Convert|5|ft|m}}.<ref name=":7">{{Cite book|last=Ridgely-Nevitt|first=Cedric|title=American Steamships on the Atlantic|publisher=University of Delaware Press|year=1981|isbn=0-87413-140-5|location=Newark, Delaware}}</ref>
The ship's namesake was the port of [[Santiago de Cuba]], the destination of her original route from New York.  There is ample evidence, both in official Navy communications<ref name=":2" /> and in her Federal documentation<ref name=":6" /> as a merchant ship, that her name was ''"Santiago de Cuba"''.  Nonetheless, various contemporaneous newspaper reports and other print materials refer to her with an [[Anglicisation|Anglicized]] version of her name, ''"St. Jago de Cuba"''.
== Cuba and New York Steamship Company (1861) ==
''Santiago de Cuba's'' service to her original owner was destined to be short.  On 15 June 1861 the ship sailed on her maiden voyage from New York for [[Havana]] and her namesake, Santiago de Cuba.<ref>{{Cite news|date=June 4, 1861|title=For Havana and St. Jago De Cuba|work=Journal of Commerce|url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A163B896E7A0CE0B4%40GB3NEWS-17CAB33F111745C8%402400931-17C7C87E1E1AEBB4%403-17C7C87E1E1AEBB4%40?h=9&fname=&mname=&lname=&kwinc=steamer%20%22Santiago%20de%20Cuba%22&kwexc=&rgfromDate=1/1/1861&rgtoDate=7/1/1861&formDate=&formDateFlex=exact&dateType=range&processingtime=&addedFrom=&addedTo=&sid=lxqbhlyagonizhhozogroybdewxfdxmc_wma-gateway014_1637107557466}}</ref> Her second trip departed New York on 18 July 1861.<ref>{{Cite news|date=July 19, 1861|title=Cleared Yesterday|work=Journal of Commerce|url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A163B896E7A0CE0B4%40GB3NEWS-17CAB365764EB11C%402400976-17C7C8829695FFB4%403-17C7C8829695FFB4%40?h=11&fname=&mname=&lname=&kwinc=steamer%20%22Santiago%20de%20Cuba%22&kwexc=&rgfromDate=1/1/1861&rgtoDate=9/1/1861&formDate=&formDateFlex=exact&dateType=range&processingtime=&addedFrom=&addedTo=&sid=drysdsnwdjtbaldqjcbbsfdbfrihqtic_wma-gateway013_1637106222600}}</ref>  On 19 August 1861 she arrived back in New York from her last trip for the Cuba and New York Steamship Company.  In addition to her passengers, she carried a cargo of sugar, molasses, coffee, and cocoa nuts.<ref>{{Cite news|date=August 21, 1861|title=Santiago de Cuba|work=Shipping and Commercial List|url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A1532EA963394FF0B%40GB3NEWS-15F3B43EB301B188%402401009-15F2023A294DBEE8%402-15F2023A294DBEE8%40?h=4&fname=&mname=&lname=&kwinc=steamer%20%22Santiago%20de%20Cuba%22&kwexc=&rgfromDate=1/1/1861&rgtoDate=9/1/1861&formDate=&formDateFlex=exact&dateType=range&processingtime=&addedFrom=&addedTo=&sid=drysdsnwdjtbaldqjcbbsfdbfrihqtic_wma-gateway013_1637106222600}}</ref>
== Civil War service (1861{{En dash}}1865) ==
After a month of negotiations, on 6 September 1861 ''Santiago'' ''de Cuba'' was purchased by the Navy for $200,000.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jm9MAAAAYAAJ|title=Annual Report of the Bureau of Military Record of the State of New York|publisher=|year=1866|pages=481|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Representatives|first=United States House of|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8KNUAAAAcAAJ&dq=%22Steamship+santiago+de+cuba%22&pg=PA306|title=House Documents|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|year=1862|pages=306–308|language=en}}</ref>  She was moved to the [[Brooklyn Navy Yard|New York Navy Yard]] for refitting as a naval vessel. There she was armed with eight 32-pound [[carronade]]s and two 20-pound [[Parrott rifle]]s.<ref name=":3"/>  Her naval crew was reported to be 16 officers and 104 enlisted men plus a unit of [[United States Marine Corps|Marines]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=November 6, 1861|title=Army and Navy|work=New York Tribune|url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A1284B46450E6EE32%40GB3NEWS-12A284FD4ECA9F00%402401086-12A284FDCFC05170%404-12A28501F5440C20%40Army%2Band%2BNavy?h=88&fname=&mname=&lname=&kwinc=Santiago%20de%20Cuba&kwexc=&rgfromDate=1860&rgtoDate=1861&formDate=&formDateFlex=exact&dateType=range&processingtime=&addedFrom=&addedTo=&page=5&sid=ogcvwtxhqvtnxuxjcjophoacnimsyxrh_wma-gateway011_1636677867065}}</ref>  She was commissioned at the Navy Yard on 5 November 1861,<ref>{{Cite news|date=November 5, 1861|title=(none)|work=Brooklyn Daily Eagle|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/50419414/?terms=Santiago%20de%20Cuba&match=1}}</ref> and sailed for Havana, Cuba on 7 November 1861,<ref>{{Cite news|date=November 7, 1861|title=Military and Naval Intelligence|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/20427900/?terms=Santiago%20de%20Cuba%22%20launched&match=1}}</ref> with Commander [[Daniel B. Ridgely]] as her captain.
=== Gulf of Mexico blockade duty ===
During the Civil War, the Union Navy imposed a [[Union blockade|blockade]] on Confederate ports both to stop agricultural exports that were a substantial part of the South's economy, and to limit the import of arms and manufactured goods which would support Confederate armies.  Enforcing the blockade was ''Santiago de Cuba's'' primary mission during the war.
''Santiago de Cuba'' was assigned to the [[Union blockade|East Gulf Blockading Squadron]] commanded by [[William McKean|Flag Officer W. W. McKean]], and ordered to Havana, Cuba.<ref name=":2" />  She arrived there on 17 November 1862. On 3 December, she captured [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]] [[blockade runner]] ''Victoria''<ref>{{Cite news|date=December 27, 1861|title=More Prisoners sent to Fort Lafayette|work=Commercial Advertiser|url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A1044E924036998A0%40GB3NEWS-12FEAE17351EC528%402401137-12FE926AF4BB4098%400-13849042D1F5EE4A%40More%2BPrisoners%2Bsent%2Bto%2BFort%2BLafayette?h=74&fname=&mname=&lname=&kwinc=Santiago%20de%20Cuba&kwexc=&rgfromDate=1860&rgtoDate=1861&formDate=&formDateFlex=exact&dateType=range&processingtime=&addedFrom=&addedTo=&page=4&sid=ogcvwtxhqvtnxuxjcjophoacnimsyxrh_wma-gateway011_1636677867065}}</ref> at sea some 90 miles west of [[Point Isabel, Texas]], and Ridgely sent the prize to [[Galveston, Texas]]. Four days later, she chased and overtook British schooner, ''Eugenia Smith'', but released her for want of evidence justifying a seizure.
''Santiago de Cuba'' sailed again from Havana on 13 March 1862.  She went to Galveston to warn [[USS Santee (1855)|USS ''Santee'']] of possible blockade runners and then sailed east along the coast.  East of the [[Sabine River (Texas–Louisiana)|Sabine River]] she encountered a river steamer loaded with cotton.  ''Santiago de Cuba'' fired on the ship, but rather than surrender, the crew of the steamer grounded her and set her on fire.  ''Santiago De Cuba'' reached port at [[Key West]] on than 28 March 1862.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last=Office|first=United States Naval War Records|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KjpAAAAAYAAJ|title=Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion|date=1903|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|language=en}}</ref>
McKean ordered ''Santiago de Cuba'' back to Havana to take on a full load of coal on 28 March 1862.  After coaling, she was ordered to patrol between [[Cape Canaveral, Florida]] and Providence Channel, a deep-water route through the [[The Bahamas|Bahamas]] archipelago. Since British sympathies were with the Confederacy, the Bahamas became a transshipment point for commerce between the Confederacy and Europe. ''Santiago de Cuba'' was tasked to stop this traffic.  The ship sailed from Havana on 5 April 1862.
About 100 miles offshore of [[Charleston, South Carolina]] on 23 April 1862, ''Santiago de Cuba'' captured a schooner without a name, papers, or flag, but which was loaded with cotton.  A prize crew was put aboard and the schooner was sent to Key West.  Two days later, 25 April 1862, Ridgely captured the steamer ''Ella Warley'' (ex-''Isabel''), and put a prize crew of 27 men aboard.  Her cargo was found to be rifles, swords, and other contraband.  The next day, 26 April 1862, while still in convoy with ''Ella Warley'', she captured another blockade runner, the schooner ''Mersey'' of Charleston.  On 30 April, he took yet another schooner, ''Maria'' of Charleston.  Having already detached 59 men for prize crews, Ridgely decided he could afford no more.  He sailed to New York with his three captures, where he arrived on 4 May 1862.<ref>{{Cite news|date=May 10, 1862|title=Arrival of the Gunboat Santiago De Cuba|work=Connecticut Courant|url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A1080E0D856AD30E8%40GB3NEWS-13F88C245EF12480%402401271-13F6316105F49CC8%400-14041D9F04D8DA71%40Arrival%2Bof%2Bthe%2BGunboat%2BSantiago%2Bde%2BCuba.%2BCapture%2Bof%2BSeveral%2BContraband%2BVessels%2Bby%2BCommander%2BRidgely?h=1&fname=&mname=&lname=&rgfromDate=1862&rgtoDate=1862&formDate=&formDateFlex=exact&dateType=range&kwinc=%22Santiago%20de%20Cuba%22&kwexc=&sid=jjxfsdscxennpuhckgncnwxiguokmalj_wma-gateway002_1636754490845}}</ref>
On 24 May 1862, ''Santiago de Cuba'' sailed from New York, bound for Key West to return to her blockade duties.  While en route, she captured to schooner ''Lucy C. Holmes'', laden with [[cotton]], which had sailed from Charleston, South Carolina bound for [[Nassau, Bahamas|Nassau]].  Commander Ridgeway placed a prize crew aboard and sent her to [[Boston]].
Upon her return to Key West, ''Santiago de Cuba'' was ordered to cruise between [[Cape San Antonio, Cuba|Cape San Antonio]] and Yucatán Bank, to close to [[Yucatán Channel]] to blockade runners.  By 12 July 1862, she was back in Key West taking on coal.<ref name=":2" />
For her next cruise, she was sent back to the waters off the Bahamas.  On 3 August 1862 the ship encountered the steamer ''[[USS Columbia (1862)|Columbia]]'' to the northeast of Providence Channel.  After a six-hour chase, the steamer was captured.  ''Columbia'' was a modern iron-hulled, propeller-driven ship.  She was laden with armaments including eight 6-pounder cannon, 2000 [[Pattern 1853 Enfield|Enfield rifles]], gunpowder, shells, cartridges, and 83 bales of army blankets marked "C.S.A", altogether reported to be worth $200,000.  A prize crew was embarked and ''Santiago de Cuba'' escorted the steamer to Key West, where they arrived on 6 August 1862.<ref>{{Cite news|date=August 22, 1862|title=A Valuable Prize|work=Atlantic Journal|url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A1199104D6710DAC0%40GB3NEWS-11A0F4C9060D4930%402401375-11A0F4C93344F448%403?fname=&mname=&lname=&rgfromDate=1862&rgtoDate=1862&formDate=&formDateFlex=exact&dateType=range&kwinc=%22Santiago%20de%20Cuba%22&kwexc=&page=1&sid=jjxfsdscxennpuhckgncnwxiguokmalj_wma-gateway002_1636754490845}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=October 31, 1862|title=The Confederate Steamer Columbia|work=Daily Constitutionalist|url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A1395DC574E208F55%40GB3NEWS-13BE832C87B6ABA0%402401445-13B791F34A97CAC0%402-13CB04EF46F1678B%40The%2BConfederate%2BSteamer%2BColumbia?h=58&fname=&mname=&lname=&rgfromDate=1862&rgtoDate=1862&formDate=&formDateFlex=exact&dateType=range&kwinc=%22Santiago%20de%20Cuba%22&kwexc=&page=3&sid=jjxfsdscxennpuhckgncnwxiguokmalj_wma-gateway002_1636754490845}}</ref>  Two of the [[Austria]]n 6-pounder cannons captured by ''Santiago de Cuba'' are on display in Leutze Park at the [[Washington Navy Yard]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=No. 1 Austrian 6-pounder Howitzer with cutout|url=https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/nhhc/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/c/cannons-of-washington-navy-yard/austrian-6-pounder-howitzer.html|access-date=2021-11-26|website=Naval History and Heritage Command|language=en-US}}</ref>
During her next cruise, on 27 August 1862, she captured the schooner ''Lavinia,'' which had sailed from [[Wilmington, North Carolina]] with a load of [[turpentine]] for Nassau. Commander Ridgely sent her with a prize crew to Key West.
=== Searching for commerce raiders and blockade runners ===
[[File:RearAdmiralOliverSGlisson.jpg|thumb|Oliver S. Glisson, captain of ''Santiago de Cuba'' from 1864 to 1865]]
On 8 September 1862, [[United States Secretary of the Navy|Secretary of the Navy]] [[Gideon Welles]] reassigned ''Santiago de Cuba'' to a newly organized "Flying Squadron," created to seek out and capture [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] [[commerce raiders]] [[CSS Alabama|''Alabama'']] and [[CSS Florida|''Florida'']]. The squadron fell under the command of [[Charles Wilkes|Commodore Charles Wilkes]].<ref name=":2" />
Commander [[Robert H. Wyman]] became the captain of ''Santiago De Cuba'' sometime in early 1863.  On 21 June 1863, she and her new captain overtook the ''[[USS Queen|Victory]]'' off Palmetto Point, [[Eleuthera Island]], ending a long chase after the British steamer had slipped through the blockade off Charleston with a cargo of 1,000 bales of cotton, [[tobacco]], and turpentine.<ref>{{Cite news|date=July 9, 1863|title=Capture of a Valuable Blockade Runner|work=Public Ledger|url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A12368904C6A6FB72%40GB3NEWS-125E976E59E2BD50%402401696-125E976E6F5971D8%400-125E976F0B2224B8%40Capture%2Bof%2Ba%2BValuable%2B%255BIllegible%255D%2BRunner?h=66&fname=&mname=&lname=&kwinc=%22Santiago%20de%20Cuba%22&kwexc=&rgfromDate=1863&rgtoDate=1863&formDate=&formDateFlex=exact&dateType=range&processingtime=&addedFrom=&addedTo=&page=4&sid=ogliuhzgvkfmfhepubirddvruehteljc_wma-gateway006_1636757943268}}</ref> On 25 June 1863, she took the iron-hulled steamer ''[[USS Britannia (1862)|Britannia]]'' in the same area.<ref>{{Cite news|date=July 11, 1863|title=(none)|work=Newport Mercury|url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A106AD2C0F76EDF48%40GB3NEWS-13325F205A0D2C98%402401698-13316E94D7B55218%401-139A80A41EC7998E%40%255BBrittania%253B%2BSantiago%2BDe%2BCuba%253B%2BArrived%253B%2BPort%253B%2BCharge%253B%2BShip%255D?h=40&fname=&mname=&lname=&kwinc=%22Santiago%20de%20Cuba%22&kwexc=&rgfromDate=1863&rgtoDate=1863&formDate=&formDateFlex=exact&dateType=range&processingtime=&addedFrom=&addedTo=&page=2&sid=ogliuhzgvkfmfhepubirddvruehteljc_wma-gateway006_1636757943268}}</ref> On 15 July, she boarded steamer, ''Lizzie'', off the [[Florida]] coast and sent that prize to Key West.  Under admiralty law of the times, the crews that captured enemy ships were entitled to a share of the value of those ships.  Wyman's [[prize money]] from ''Victory'' and ''Britannia'' was $23,484.71.<ref>{{Cite news|date=December 16, 1863|title=The Blockading Service|work=San Francisco Bulletin|url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A113ACFC4DAF84818%40GB3NEWS-1184AE97105CCC08%402401857-1184AE9785089300%402-1184AE994C4E7B70%40The%2BBlockading%2BService%2BNice%2BPickings%2Bfor%2BJack%2BHow%2BPrize%2BMoney%2Bis%2BDistributed%2Bamong%2Bthe%2BOfficers%2Band%2BCrew?h=12&fname=&mname=&lname=&kwinc=%22Santiago%20de%20Cuba%22&kwexc=&rgfromDate=December%201863&rgtoDate=December%201863&formDate=&formDateFlex=exact&dateType=range&processingtime=&addedFrom=&addedTo=&sid=qohbztekjevxcwvpvxcbggxkyxmfjvaq_wma-gateway001_1636760803559}}</ref>
On 7 December 1863, ''Santiago De Cuba'' arrived in Boston, now under the command of [[Theodore P. Greene|Captain Theodore P. Green]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=December 7, 1863|title=Naval Record|work=Boston Daily Advertiser|url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A109E426370EFFFF8%40GB3NEWS-12AA921F345E3060%402401847-12AA921FF77DC7B0%403-12AA922337D960E8%40Nabal%2BRecord%2BBoston%252C%2BDec.%2B7%252C%2B1863?h=67&fname=&mname=&lname=&kwinc=%22Santiago%20de%20Cuba%22&kwexc=&rgfromDate=1863&rgtoDate=1863&formDate=&formDateFlex=exact&dateType=range&processingtime=&addedFrom=&addedTo=&page=4&sid=ogliuhzgvkfmfhepubirddvruehteljc_wma-gateway006_1636757943268}}</ref>  Green was detached and the ship decommissioned for repairs on 30 December 1863.<ref>{{Cite news|date=December 30, 1863|title=Naval Record|work=Boston Semi-Weekly Advertiser|url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A14B06D049774C3F3%40GB3NEWS-17D8839E64096076%402401870-17D6EE9F92E90771%403-17D6EE9F92E90771%40?h=24&fname=&mname=&lname=&kwinc=%22Santiago%20de%20Cuba%22&kwexc=&rgfromDate=December%201863&rgtoDate=December%201863&formDate=&formDateFlex=exact&dateType=range&processingtime=&addedFrom=&addedTo=&page=1&sid=qohbztekjevxcwvpvxcbggxkyxmfjvaq_wma-gateway001_1636760803559}}</ref> She was dry-docked and her repairs were effected at the [[Boston Navy Yard]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=March 16, 1864|title=Boston|work=Boston Semi-Weekly Advertiser|url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A14B06D049774C3F3%40GB3NEWS-17DA70BC21A2B38F%402401947-17D6EEA229A89220%403-17D6EEA229A89220%40?h=74&fname=&mname=&lname=&kwinc=%22Santiago%20de%20Cuba%22&kwexc=&rgfromDate=1/1/1864&rgtoDate=7/1/1864&formDate=&formDateFlex=exact&dateType=range&processingtime=&addedFrom=&addedTo=&page=4&sid=mvrihtauzgvpmvwywexjettaefiwfelz_wma-gateway009_1636761779459}}</ref>  In May 1864, [[Oliver S. Glisson|Captain Oliver S. Glisson]] was ordered to take command of the ship.<ref>{{Cite news|date=May 13, 1864|title=Ordered to Command|work=Philadelphia Inquirer|url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A110C9BFA1F116650%40GB3NEWS-112806CCC6C6E0E8%402402005-112806CDE9CF2000%403-112806D0B162E9F0%40Ordered%2Bto%2BCommand?h=46&fname=&mname=&lname=&kwinc=%22Santiago%20de%20Cuba%22&kwexc=&rgfromDate=1/1/1864&rgtoDate=7/1/1864&formDate=&formDateFlex=exact&dateType=range&processingtime=&addedFrom=&addedTo=&page=3&sid=mvrihtauzgvpmvwywexjettaefiwfelz_wma-gateway009_1636761779459}}</ref>[[File:SS A. D. Vance.jpg|thumb|''A. D. Vance'' after she was taken by ''Santiago de Cuba'']]
Overhaul completed, the ship was recommissioned on 6 June 1864.<ref>{{Cite news|date=June 11, 1864|title=Naval Record|work=Boston Semi-Weekly Advertiser|url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A14B06D049774C3F3%40GB3NEWS-17DA71026AD30B27%402402034-17D6EEA5EC8788DE%403-17D6EEA5EC8788DE%40?h=90&fname=&mname=&lname=&kwinc=%22Santiago%20de%20Cuba%22&kwexc=&rgfromDate=1/1/1864&rgtoDate=7/1/1864&formDate=&formDateFlex=exact&dateType=range&processingtime=&addedFrom=&addedTo=&page=5&sid=mvrihtauzgvpmvwywexjettaefiwfelz_wma-gateway009_1636761779459}}</ref> On 12 September 1864 ''Santiago de Cuba'' took the steamer ''[[USS Advance (1862)|A. D. Vance]]'' (ex-''Lord Clyde'') northeast of Wilmington, North Carolina.  She was laden with 420 bales of cotton en route from Wilmington to [[Halifax, Nova Scotia|Halifax]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=September 13, 1864|title=Capture of a Blockade Runner|work=Daily National Intelligencer|url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A109E2A3EA01155D8%40GB3NEWS-1299648182C98810%402402128-12996481DBE2D6F8%402-129964884861A140%40Capture%2Bof%2Ba%2BBlockade%2BRunner?h=2&fname=&mname=&lname=&kwinc=steamer%20%22Santiago%20de%20Cuba%22&kwexc=&rgfromDate=9/1/1864&rgtoDate=10/1/1864&formDate=&formDateFlex=exact&dateType=range&processingtime=&addedFrom=&addedTo=&sid=jxtgjfkmumsfkklvgbxnxbwyvrvvxpck_wma-gateway003_1636764149086}}</ref>  On 2 November 1864, the iron-hulled steamer ''Lucy'' was captured by ''Santiago de Cuba'' about 160 miles off Wilmington.  She had on board 365 bales of cotton and 25 tons of tobacco.<ref>{{Cite news|date=November 21, 1864|title=Arrival of a Prize Steamer|work=Boston Daily Advertiser|url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A109E426370EFFFF8%40GB3NEWS-12C16B30A7E77828%402402197-12C16B30C59BF960%400-12C16B31C61A6890%40Arrival%2Bof%2Ba%2BPrize%2BSteamer?h=1&fname=&mname=&lname=&kwinc=steamer%20%22Santiago%20de%20Cuba%22&kwexc=&rgfromDate=11/1/1864&rgtoDate=12/1/1864&formDate=&formDateFlex=exact&dateType=range&processingtime=&addedFrom=&addedTo=&sid=gzqqguhpztjoqhkwccopuifvpcoeywqw_wma-gateway006_1636765265319}}</ref> The ''Lucy'' had on board the Confederate soldier and poet [[Sidney Lanier]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Starke |first=Aubrey Harrison |title=Sidney Lanier: A Biographical and Critical Study |location=Chapel Hill |publisher=University of North Carolina Press |year=1933 |page=65 |url=https://archive.org/details/sidneylanierbiog0000star/page/64/mode/2up?q=northrup |accessdate=March 9, 2022}}</ref>
=== Assaults on Fort Fisher ===
In late 1864, the ship was reassigned from blockade duty to the North Atlantic Squadron commanded by Rear Admiral [[David Dixon Porter]].  ''Santiago de Cuba'' sailed in support of the attack on Fort Fisher at the mouth of the [[Cape Fear River]] on [[Christmas Eve]], 1864. During the operation, ''Santiago de Cuba'' protected the landing troops by shelling the Flag Pond artillery battery.  She took off 65 Confederate soldiers who surrendered.   While the guns of the fort were silenced, the landing force was unable to take the bastion and were withdrawn.<ref>{{Cite news|date=December 31, 1864|title=Report by Admiral Porter|work=Boston Semi-weekly advertiser|url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A14B06D049774C3F3%40GB3NEWS-17DA713EDAF5FDE2%402402237-17D6EEAE6959817E%402-17D6EEAE6959817E%40?h=5&fname=&mname=&lname=&kwinc=steamer%20%22Santiago%20de%20Cuba%22&kwexc=&rgfromDate=12/1/1864&rgtoDate=1/1/1865&formDate=&formDateFlex=exact&dateType=range&processingtime=&addedFrom=&addedTo=&sid=vpvotgnwhzxohhyxisunktprbtmphlhl_wma-gateway015_1636765731082}}</ref>
Porter immediately began work on a new invasion plan, this time with a different army general. Porter's fleet got underway from [[Fort Monroe|Fortress Monroe]] on January 12, 1865.  By 11 pm on 13 January 1865, the fleet had once again anchored off of Fort Fisher.  The bombardment of shore facilities, in which ''Santiago de Cuba'' participated, began at dawn on the 14th.  The army landed troops and ''Santiago de Cuba'' led seven other vessels in a creeping bombardment in front of them as they advanced on the fort.  The ships boats, meanwhile, were used to land artillery for the army.  On 15 January 1865, ''Santiago de Cuba'' led "line of battle No. 3", consisting of at least seven ships, to shell the southeast face of Fort Fisher.  The ship was hit at least three times by Confederate artillery.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news|date=January 19, 1865|title=Fort Fisher|work=Philadelphia Inquirer|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/philadelphia-inquirer-jan-19-1865-p-1/}}</ref>
[[File:Fort Fisher vessels.jpg|thumb|''Santiago de Cuba'' (shown here as ''St. Jago de Cuba'') led line of battle No.3 in the successful attack on Fort Fisher]]
There then occurred a singular event in U.S. Navy history.  On 15 January 1865, fourteen hundred sailors and marines were organized into a separate landing party to assault the fort from a different direction than the main army landings.  The sailors and marines fought a bloody melee with the Confederate troops, but about 30 reached the top of the fort's parapet and briefly managed to plant the U.S. flag there.  They were shortly swept back, but the furious assault drew defending troops away from the main army attack which then succeeded in breaking into the fort and capturing it.<ref name=":4"/>  In all the history of the U.S. Navy only 749 Medals of Honor have been awarded to sailors.  Seven of them were crewmen of ''Santiago de Cuba'' who took part in the land assault on Fort Fisher.  They were:
* [[Philip Bazaar]], Ordinary Seaman, U.S. Navy
* [[John Griffiths (Medal of Honor)|John Griffiths]], Captain of the Forecastle, U.S. Navy
* [[George Province]], Ordinary Seaman, U.S. Navy
* [[Auzella Savage]], Ordinary Seaman, U.S. Navy
* [[John Swanson (Medal of Honor)|John Swanson]], Seaman, U.S. Navy
* [[Edward Swatton]], Seaman, U.S. Navy
* [[Augustus Williams]], Seaman, U.S. Navy
At least five ''Santiago de Cuba'' sailors were wounded in the engagement.<ref name=":4"/>
At the war's end, ''Santiago de Cuba'' carried Assistant Secretary of the Navy [[Gustavus Fox]], Captain [[Robert Anderson (Civil War)|Robert Anderson]] and [[John George Nicolay]], Private Secretary to [[Abraham Lincoln|President Lincoln]], to Charleston for the ceremonial re-raising of the flag at [[Fort Sumter]] on Friday, 14 April 1865.  This ceremony was intended to celebrate the end of the Civil War precipitated by [[Robert E. Lee|Robert E. Lee's]] surrender on 9 April 1865.<ref>{{Cite news|date=April 13, 1865|title=From Charleston|work=New York Tribune|url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A1284B46450E6EE32%40GB3NEWS-12C17D5FB7F08A98%402402340-12C17D6039F99D20%405-12C17D62039C8F80%40From%2BCharleston%2BVisit%2Bof%2BAssistant-Secretary%2BFox%2Bto%2Bthe%2BFleet%2BCharleston%252C%2BS.%2BC.%252C%2BApril%2B2%252C%2B1865?h=2&fname=&mname=&lname=&rgfromDate=3/1/1865&rgtoDate=12/1/1865&formDate=&formDateFlex=exact&dateType=range&kwinc=%22Santiago%20de%20Cuba%22&kwexc=&sid=ucnewcqaygfkrqjmwtafjxzedeyjfmqz_wma-gateway010_1636840850104}}</ref>
The Navy moved quickly to reduce its fleet after the war.  ''Santiago de Cuba'' was decommissioned on 17 June 1865 at the [[Philadelphia Navy Yard]]. She was sold at [[public auction]] at the Philadelphia Navy Yard on 21 September 1865.  She was bought by [[Marshall Roberts Collection|Marshall O. Roberts]] of the Central American Transit Company for $108,000.<ref>{{Cite news|date=September 21, 1865|title=Sale of Government Vessels|work=Albany Evening Journal|url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A120FA88F2298A4EF%40GB3NEWS-121D3C2A90864538%402402501-121CE614C78287F8%402-12349901109D241E%40Sale%2Bof%2BGovernment%2BVessels?h=22&fname=&mname=&lname=&rgfromDate=3/1/1865&rgtoDate=12/1/1865&formDate=&formDateFlex=exact&dateType=range&kwinc=%22Santiago%20de%20Cuba%22&kwexc=&page=1&sid=ucnewcqaygfkrqjmwtafjxzedeyjfmqz_wma-gateway010_1636840850104}}</ref>
== Central American service (1865{{En dash}}1868) ==
[[File:1866 Advertisement for steamer Santiago de Cuba.png|thumb|1866 advertisement for ''Santiago de Cuba'' as part of the Central American Transit Company.  Note that the illustration is not of the ship advertised.]]
[[File:North American Steamship Company flyer.jpg|left|thumb|Advertisement for ''Santiago de Cuba'' as part of the North American Steamship Company]]
[[Cornelius Vanderbilt]] pioneered a transcontinental shipping route across [[Nicaragua]] in 1851.  With the [[transcontinental railroad]] still a few years into the future, this Central American sea route was still a viable business when the Civil War ended.  Ocean-going steamers would sail from New York to [[San Juan de Nicaragua]].  Shallow draft river steamers would carry passengers up the [[San Juan River (Nicaragua)|San Juan River]] and across [[Lake Nicaragua]].  A 15-mile carriage ride would take them to the Pacific coast where other ocean-going steamers would leave for [[San Francisco]].  ''Santiago de Cuba'' sailed the New York to Nicaragua leg of this route.
After her purchase from the Navy, ''Santiago de Cuba'' was registered as a civilian passenger ship.<ref name=":6">{{Cite book|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b3330053&view=1up&seq=222&skin=2021&q1=Santiago%20de%20cuba|title=Merchant Vessels of the United States|series=1936/37-1939/41: Report series, no.&#91;1&#93;, 4, 8, 11 |publisher=Government Printing Office|year=1869|location=Washington|pages=214}}</ref>  Her interior was rebuilt to convert her from warship to passenger liner.  Her first sailing for the Central American Transit Company left New York for San Juan de Nicaragua on 20 November 1865.  She made one round trip per month and did good business.  She reached New York on 7 June 1866 with 554 passengers and $125,000 of gold on board.<ref>{{Cite news|date=June 8, 1886|title=Arrival of the Santiago de Cuba|work=The New York Times}}</ref>  On 8 July 1866 she returned to New York with 407 passengers.<ref>{{Cite news|date=July 8, 1866|title=Arrived Yesterday|work=Commercial Advertiser|url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A1044E924036998A0%40GB3NEWS-12FEEE50C4D2CD60%402402792-12FDA4F1AAFC7C70%402-137EAFC5564FC2E9%40Shipping%2BNews?h=4&fname=&mname=&lname=&kwinc=steamer%20%22Santiago%20de%20Cuba%22&kwexc=&rgfromDate=7/1/1866&rgtoDate=8/1/1866&formDate=&formDateFlex=exact&dateType=range&processingtime=&addedFrom=&addedTo=&sid=jqgkaaschedifsfbgbfyaczwewwtbnao_wma-gateway015_1636848012161}}</ref>  This pleasant routine was broken on ''Saintiago de Cuba's'' September sailing.  She left New York on 29 September 1866.  Four days into the trip she was struck by a storm with high winds and heavy seas.  Two passengers and two crew were washed overboard and lost.  The stem, rudder, and deck house were damaged and the ship was forced to turn back to New York for repairs, where she arrived 7 October 1866.<ref>{{Cite news|date=October 13, 1865|title=Disaster to the Steamship Santiago de Cuba|work=Norwich Aurora|url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A12017D37D81543C5%40GB3NEWS-13ABAA468E035B48%402402888-13AAAC73C2FEB558%401-13B64A16C3A47783%40Disaster%2BTo%2BThe%2BSteamship%2BSantiago%2BDe%2BCuba?h=1&fname=&mname=&lname=&kwinc=%22Santiago%20de%20Cuba%22&kwexc=&rgfromDate=12/1/1865&rgtoDate=11/1/1866&formDate=&formDateFlex=exact&dateType=range&processingtime=&addedFrom=&addedTo=&sid=nfufhvuqflgfjgmxvxyhwjglhtxhkybl_wma-gateway005_1636846631719}}</ref>  The ship was repaired and resumed her commute between New York and San Juan de Nicaragua in November 1866.
In April 1866, the principals of the Central American Transit Company, led by [[William H. Webb]], and Marshall O. Roberts, rebranded their business as the North American Steamship Company and ''Santiago de Cuba'' thereafter sailed under the new banner.<ref>{{Cite news|date=April 10, 1866|title=New Steamship Company|work=Sacramento Bee|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/623344832/?terms=%22North%20American%20Steamship%20Company%22&match=1}}</ref>  In January 1867 control of the company was sold by the investor group led by Roberts to one led by Webb.<ref name=":7" />
[[File:Steamship Santiago de Cuba grounded on Abescom Beach, New Jersey.png|thumb|''Santiago de Cuba'' grounded on the New Jersey Coast on 22 May 1867]]
On 22 May 1867 ''Santiago de Cuba'' was on her way back to New York from Nicaragua with 340 passengers aboard.  The night was foggy and the ship grounded on the sandy shore near Cape May, at [[Brigantine, New Jersey|Absecon beach]], New Jersey.  While the ship was in no immediate danger, prudence called for landing the passengers before weather turned for the worse, or the surf began to break-up the vessel.  Unfortunately, one of the boats headed for shore was upset by the surf and capsized.  Five passengers and two crewmen drowned.  The ship was towed off the sandbank, leaking badly, on 7 June 1867.<ref>{{Cite news|date=June 20, 1867|title=The Beaching of the Steamer "Santiago De Cuba"|work=San Francisco Bulletin|url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A113ACFC4DAF84818%40GB3NEWS-119BFBA8243EF228%402403138-119BFBA844988B50%400-119BFBA8BAF27440%40The%2BBeaching%2Bof%2Bthe%2BSteamer%2B%2522Santiago%2BDe%2BCuba%2522?h=23&fname=&mname=&lname=&rgfromDate=1867&rgtoDate=1867&formDate=&formDateFlex=exact&dateType=range&kwinc=steamer%20%22Santiago%20de%20Cuba%22&kwexc=&page=1&sid=jljaswijqhfuwecnxrclhwjowqewsczr_wma-gateway012_1636927754438}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=June 7, 1867|title=Shipping News|work=Evening Post|url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A10945F2563DD7908%40GB3NEWS-13DE7D1DDDAC9E60%402403125-13DE61E560B2FCA8%403-13F1EA212C6C56FA%40Shipping%2BNews?h=43&fname=&mname=&lname=&rgfromDate=1867&rgtoDate=1867&formDate=&formDateFlex=exact&dateType=range&kwinc=steamer%20%22Santiago%20de%20Cuba%22&kwexc=&page=2&sid=jljaswijqhfuwecnxrclhwjowqewsczr_wma-gateway012_1636927754438}}</ref>
In December 1867, The North American Steamship Company began sailing to Panama rather than Nicaragua.  ''Santiago de Cuba's'' first trip to [[Colón, Panama|Aspinwall, Panama]] left New York on 14 December 1867.<ref>{{Cite news|date=December 3, 1867|title=North American Steamship Company|work=World|url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A145DB3BF9F542419%40GB3NEWS-1569EE3D044429C0%402403304-1569E76B8F1DB488%405-1569E76B8F1DB488%40?h=1&fname=&mname=&lname=&kwinc=%22North%20american%20steamship%22&kwexc=&rgfromDate=12/1/1867&rgtoDate=1/1/1868&formDate=&formDateFlex=exact&dateType=range&processingtime=&addedFrom=&addedTo=&sid=vodaqyqtesbduaerqjlmgonwhqvzzfjb_s075_1636930135241}}</ref>  She completed one round trip per month.  On her 8 June 1868 sailing she carried the outlaw [[Jesse James]] from New York to Panama.  He was on his way to [[Paso Robles, California]] where he stayed with an uncle over the winter of 1868{{En dash}}1869.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jesse & Frank James|url=https://www.pasorobleshistorymuseum.org/jess|access-date=2021-11-27|website=Paso Robles Historical Society|language=en}}</ref>
On 28 October 1868 ''Santiago de Cuba'' arrived back in New York from Panama for the last time during her Central American service.<ref>{{Cite news|date=October 29, 1868|title=Shipping News|work=Salem Register|url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A1198FEE98CA07F88%40GB3NEWS-1376AF4F18578970%402403635-1376A71B1E1BB3E0%402-137FE6E055294937%40Shipping%2BNews?h=3&fname=&mname=&lname=&kwinc=%22steamer%20Santiago%20de%20Cuba%22&kwexc=&rgfromDate=10/29/1868&rgtoDate=12/2/1868&formDate=&formDateFlex=exact&dateType=range&processingtime=&addedFrom=&addedTo=&sid=jgxzjxuricbmrdayaishatttdkaubpca_wma-gateway004_1637023872409}}</ref>  She had completed eighteen roundtrips to Nicaragua and eight to Panama.<ref name=":7" />
== Ship for hire (1868{{En dash}}1886) ==
After William Webb abandoned the Central America business, he chartered ''Santiago de Cuba'' when he could, sailed her occasionally for his own business, and tried to sell her.  Many of the charters were of relatively short duration, and there were gaps of months and even years between sailings when Webb was unable to find employment for the ship.  It is evident from this pattern of service that the ''Santiago de Cuba'' was no longer a foundational part of any fleet, but rather a short-term replacement for more capable ships that were under construction or repair.
=== New York and Havana Mail Line (1868{{En dash}}1869) ===
''Santiago de Cuba'' began sailing for the New York and Havana Mail Line owned by F. Alexandre & Sons in December 1868.  She made three round trips for the company sailing from New York to Havana, Cuba to [[New Orleans|New Orleans, Louisiana]] and back.  She returned to New York for the final time at the end of February 1869.<ref>{{Cite news|date=December 12, 1868|title=Latest By Telegraph|work=New Orleans Weekly Republican|url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A16121E91AB0A89BF%40GB3NEWS-16BADBAFE3238390%402403679-16B7C9836D929488%407-16B7C9836D929488%40?h=6&fname=&mname=&lname=&kwinc=%22steamer%20santiago%20de%20cuba%22&kwexc=&rgfromDate=dec%201868&rgtoDate=&formDate=&formDateFlex=exact&dateType=range&processingtime=&addedFrom=&addedTo=&sid=eslsftiuytjlorugpiakcydekaxnzbhv_wma-gateway004_1637024599903}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=March 3, 1869|title=Foreign Ports|work=Boston Semi-weekly Advertiser|url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A14B06D049774C3F3%40GB3NEWS-17DA390589967524%402403760-17D7F12451032CB9%402-17D7F12451032CB9%40?h=4&fname=&mname=&lname=&kwinc=%22Santiago%20de%20Cuba%22%20steamer%20%22New%20Orleans%22&kwexc=&rgfromDate=3/1/1869&rgtoDate=4/1/1869&formDate=&formDateFlex=exact&dateType=range&processingtime=&addedFrom=&addedTo=&sid=qqkjnrtpbbnxzjexconnbnrnhsplcwpu_wma-gateway003_1637620140814}}</ref>
=== Ruger's American Line (1869) ===
The three Ruger brothers developed a small, short-lived steamship line between New York and Northern Europe.  ''Santiago de Cuba'' made one trans-Atlantic trip for Ruger's American Line.  Advertising began on 30 May 1869<ref>{{Cite news|date=May 30, 1869|title=Ruger's American Line To Europe|work=New York Herald|url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A11A050B7B120D3F8%40GB3NEWS-127E7E4A4E14A510%402403848-127E7E4B529EFF90%408-127E7E51DF4635D8%40Advertisement?h=2&fname=&mname=&lname=&kwinc=%22steamship%20santiago%20de%20cuba%22&kwexc=&rgfromDate=5/1/1869&rgtoDate=6/1/1869&formDate=&formDateFlex=exact&dateType=range&processingtime=&addedFrom=&addedTo=&sid=kodeairuaizlxwhwaewrkdorhfkopsdt_s074_1637620649781}}</ref> and she sailed from New York on 16 June 1869.<ref>{{Cite news|date=June 17, 1869|title=Cleared|work=New York Daily Herald|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/329686199/?terms=Santiago%20Rugers&match=1}}</ref>  She stopped at [[Cowes]] on the [[Isle of Wight]], [[Bremen|Bremen, Germany]], and finally reached [[Copenhagen|Copenhagen, Denmark]].  A first-class passage was $90, second-class was $60, and steerage was $22, payable in gold.<ref>{{Cite news|date=June 3, 1869|title=European Steamships|work=New York Daily Herald|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/329680791/?terms=%22Rugers%20American%22&match=1}}</ref>  On the return voyage to New York, she carried 423 passengers, many of them immigrants.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Skallerup|first=Harry|date=2003|title=American Ships and Danish Immigrants in 1869|url=https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1313&context=thebridge|journal=The Bridge|publisher=Brigham Young University|volume=26|issue=2|pages=38–60}}</ref>  She arrived in New York on 18 August 1869.
=== Dispatch Line (1869) ===
''Santiago de Cuba'' sailed one trip between New York and New Orleans for N. H. Brigham's Dispatch Line.  She departed New York on 6 November 1869 and arrived in Louisiana on 15 November 1869.<ref>{{Cite news|date=November 1, 1869|title=For New Orleans, Direct|work=New York Journal of Commerce|url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A163BA4FC775A40D7%40GB3NEWS-171426EFC45D2C18%402404003-1711715F85E2FD10%402-1711715F85E2FD10%40?h=33&fname=&mname=&lname=&kwinc=Steamer%20%22santiago%20de%20cuba%22&kwexc=&rgfromDate=10/1/1869&rgtoDate=11/1/1869&formDate=&formDateFlex=exact&dateType=range&processingtime=&addedFrom=&addedTo=&page=2&sid=regkuctyuntxthpjbsbfiluufogtzrsq_wma-gateway009_1637621261907}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=November 15, 1869|title=The Passes|work=New-Orleans Commercial Bulletin|url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A14EF0E7D267A53CC%40GB3NEWS-153F7D996364B6F8%402404017-153F6B2F504D7258%400-153F6B2F504D7258%40?h=16&fname=&mname=&lname=&kwinc=%22santiago%20de%20cuba%22&kwexc=&rgfromDate=11/1/1869&rgtoDate=1/1/1870&formDate=&formDateFlex=exact&dateType=range&processingtime=&addedFrom=&addedTo=&page=1&sid=rwoomvyygtsflvahdvidebmulonameuc_wma-gateway012_1637623158858}}</ref>
=== North American Steamship Company (1869{{En dash}}1870) ===
At the end of her trip to New Orleans for the Dispatch Line, Webb sent ''Santiago de Cuba'' to [[Le Havre]] with a stop in [[Bermuda]].  She arrived in [[France]] on 29 December 1869.<ref>{{Cite news|date=January 13, 1870|title=Foreign Ports|work=New York Herald|url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A11A050B7B120D3F8%40GB3NEWS-1311E2921371CC68%402404076-1311E292B7FC4A68%409-1311E2B0A1357ED0%40Shipping%2BNews?h=1&fname=&mname=&lname=&kwinc=%22steamship%20santiago%20de%20cuba%22&kwexc=&rgfromDate=1/1/1870&rgtoDate=2/1/1870&formDate=&formDateFlex=exact&dateType=range&processingtime=&addedFrom=&addedTo=&sid=hblyisqlfeottmtwkuwvjjqyqsljfxex_wma-gateway004_1637622404847}}</ref>  She sailed back for New York on 16 January 1870.<ref>{{Cite news|date=February 1, 1870|title=Foreign Ports|work=Commercial Advertiser|url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A1044E924036998A0%40GB3NEWS-12FEB1323945F108%402404095-12FC644BB561A258%402-1382715871F16747%40Shipping%2BNews?h=26&fname=&mname=&lname=&kwinc=steamer%20%22santiago%20de%20cuba%22&kwexc=&rgfromDate=1/1/1870&rgtoDate=2/1/1870&formDate=&formDateFlex=exact&dateType=range&processingtime=&addedFrom=&addedTo=&page=1&sid=wwzurimokjrnuysirqommuhjkuaeoexm_wma-gateway013_1637622382549}}</ref>  On 1 February 1870 ''Santiago de Cuba'' was inbound to New York when she met the steamer ''Brunette'' leaving port.  The latter ship attempted to avoid a collision by crossing in front of ''Santiago de Cuba''.  She did not make it.  Off [[Squan Beach|Squam Beach, New Jersey]], ''Santiago de Cuba'' crashed into ''Brunette's'' port side splintering her hull.  ''Brunette'' sank in minutes, taking with her two of her crew.  ''Santiago de Cuba'' was also damaged, and limped into New York leaking badly, but with the rest of ''Brunette's'' crew aboard.<ref>{{Cite news|date=February 3, 1870|title=Collision at Sea|work=New York Tribune|url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A1284B46450E6EE32%40GB3NEWS-12BFBFA288B98540%402404097-12BFBFA3D5841A38%407-12BFBFA747B51560%40Collision%2Bat%2BSea.%2Bthe%2BSteamer%2BBrunette%2BRun%2Bdown%2Bby%2Bthe%2BSteamer%2BSantiago%2BDe%2BCuba-Two%2BLives%2BLost?h=1&fname=&mname=&lname=&rgfromDate=1870&rgtoDate=1870&formDate=&formDateFlex=exact&dateType=range&kwinc=Brunette%20%22Santiago%20de%20Cuba%22&kwexc=&sid=tpwqzxmyxgswrehpdktiumolrddktfgx_wma-gateway013_1637196889845}}</ref>  In the subsequent lawsuit, ''Santiago de Cuba'' was found at fault for the collision.<ref name=":5">{{Cite news|date=June 29, 1870|title=The Courts|work=New York Tribune|url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A1284B46450E6EE32%40GB3NEWS-12C182FDCAE38960%402404243-12C182FDF92B0A50%401-12C182FF19B688E8%40Legislative%2BActs%252FLegal%2BProceedings?h=9&fname=&mname=&lname=&rgfromDate=1870&rgtoDate=1870&formDate=&formDateFlex=exact&dateType=range&kwinc=Brunette%20%22Santiago%20de%20Cuba%22&kwexc=&sid=tpwqzxmyxgswrehpdktiumolrddktfgx_wma-gateway013_1637196889845}}</ref>
Repairs were made and ''Santiago de Cuba'' resumed her trans-Atlantic sailings.  Webb dispatched her from New York on 3 September 1870<ref>{{Cite news|date=September 3, 1870|title=Cleared|work=Commercial Advertiser|url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A1044E924036998A0%40GB3NEWS-12FF513B9A7A9850%402404309-12FC65346D948888%406-13835870F7541D00%40Prices?h=1&fname=&mname=&lname=&kwinc=%22Steamer%20santiago%20de%20Cuba%22&kwexc=&rgfromDate=4/1/1870&rgtoDate=1/1/1871&formDate=&formDateFlex=exact&dateType=range&processingtime=&addedFrom=&addedTo=&sid=zqfhfbqauspxusfezvpkyisykngltwnu_wma-gateway004_1637624718152}}</ref> and she arrived in Le Havre on 22 September 1870.<ref>{{Cite news|date=October 5, 1870|title=Foreign Ports|work=New York Herald|url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A16A0C2331E825C4C%40GB3NEWS-1635D39C55CADFC3%402404341-1635D3D8263517BA%4010-1635D3D8263517BA%40?h=30&fname=&mname=&lname=&kwinc=steamer%20%22santiago%20de%20Cuba%22&kwexc=&rgfromDate=10/1/1870&rgtoDate=1/1/1871&formDate=&formDateFlex=exact&dateType=range&processingtime=&addedFrom=&addedTo=&page=1&sid=ligtivilknwctuyhtucapkiafkgrrheq_wma-gateway002_1637626079083}}</ref>  Several North American Steamship Company vessels, including ''Santiago de Cuba'', were reported to carry American armaments to Le Havre during the [[Franco-Prussian War]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=December 31, 1870|title=Havre Uneasy|work=New York Herald|url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A11A050B7B120D3F8%40GB3NEWS-130B98EE2628E008%402404428-130B98EEC6123300%408-130B9907F53EFB40%40Havre%2BUneasy.%2BThe%2BDefences%2Bof%2Bthe%2BCity%2Bby%2BLand%2Band%2BWater.%2BFortifications%2Bof%2BHavre-How%2Bthe%2BCity%2Bis%2BDefended?h=1&fname=&mname=&lname=&kwinc=Santiago%20Havre&kwexc=&rgfromDate=8/1/1869&rgtoDate=12/31/1871&formDate=&formDateFlex=exact&dateType=range&processingtime=&addedFrom=&addedTo=&sid=xsrczebtbyhulogwbowkgxandymmhbju_wma-gateway011_1637347814781}}</ref>  On her next trip she sailed to [[Bordeaux]], reaching port on 18 October 1870.<ref>{{Cite news|date=November 4, 1870|title=Foreign Ports|work=New York Herald|url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A11A050B7B120D3F8%40GB3NEWS-127C3AB2A15737A0%402404371-127C3AB3C93EF950%409-127C3AB9DA4A25F8%40Shipping%2BNews?h=27&fname=&mname=&lname=&kwinc=steamer%20%22santiago%20de%20Cuba%22&kwexc=&rgfromDate=10/1/1870&rgtoDate=1/1/1871&formDate=&formDateFlex=exact&dateType=range&processingtime=&addedFrom=&addedTo=&page=1&sid=ligtivilknwctuyhtucapkiafkgrrheq_wma-gateway002_1637626079083}}</ref>  On this trip she touched at [[Brouwershaven]] and [[Rotterdam]] before sailing home to New York where she arrived on 21 November 1870.<ref>{{Cite news|date=November 14, 1870|title=Foreign Ports|work=New York Herald|url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A16A0C2331E825C4C%40GB3NEWS-1635D36D8D174F63%402404381-1635D3AE4473D1E6%4010-1635D3AE4473D1E6%40?h=33&fname=&mname=&lname=&kwinc=steamer%20%22santiago%20de%20Cuba%22&kwexc=&rgfromDate=10/1/1870&rgtoDate=1/1/1871&formDate=&formDateFlex=exact&dateType=range&processingtime=&addedFrom=&addedTo=&page=2&sid=ligtivilknwctuyhtucapkiafkgrrheq_wma-gateway002_1637626079083}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=November 21, 1870|title=From New York|work=Troy Daily Times|url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A163BEFD2494F76D2%40GB3NEWS-17E466EC81AF7AA3%402404388-17E379D55D6279DE%402-17E379D55D6279DE%40?h=35&fname=&mname=&lname=&kwinc=steamer%20%22santiago%20de%20Cuba%22&kwexc=&rgfromDate=10/1/1870&rgtoDate=1/1/1871&formDate=&formDateFlex=exact&dateType=range&processingtime=&addedFrom=&addedTo=&page=2&sid=ligtivilknwctuyhtucapkiafkgrrheq_wma-gateway002_1637626079083}}</ref>  After this trip she was idle for two years as Webb was unable to charter her.
=== Columbian Mail Steam Packet Line (1873) ===
On 26 March 1873, she began sailing for the Columbian Mail Steam Packet Line run by O. I. Guilleaume and Company.  ''Santiago de Cuba'' sailed between New York, Havana, and [[Matanzas|Matanzas, Cuba]].   She made a second trip in May 1873.<ref>{{Cite news|date=March 17, 1873|title=Columbian Mail Steam Packet Line|work=Commercial Advertiser|url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A1044E924036998A0%40GB3NEWS-12FE9B2A15517560%402405235-12FC9CED160D0118%403-13820D54C1B39C7D%40Advertisement?h=2&fname=&mname=&lname=&rgfromDate=1873&rgtoDate=1873&formDate=&formDateFlex=exact&dateType=range&kwinc=%22Columbian%20Mail%20Steam%22&kwexc=&sid=rwcclhdhuhvtuoulxevckirldjjejjmt_wma-gateway013_1638119941671}}</ref>
After this last trip to Cuba, ''Santiago de Cuba'' was idled again, this time for three years while Webb sought additional charters or a purchaser.  Finally, in 1876 the ship was sold to [[Clyde Steamship Company|William P. Clyde and Company]] of Philadelphia.  Clyde took the extraordinary step of removing her boilers, steam engine, paddle wheels and associated machinery and rebuilding her as a propeller steamer.  She was one of only two paddle-wheelers known to have undergone such a radical conversion.<ref name=":7" />  After her refit, Clyde used ''Santiago de Cuba'' much as Webb had, mixing charters and sailings for his own company as opportunities presented themselves.
=== Pacific Mail Steamship Company (1877) ===
''Santiago de Cuba'' was chartered to the [[Pacific Mail Steamship Company]].  She left Philadelphia with a load of 1,500 tons of coal suitable for steamboat use, bound for Aspinwall.  She arrived there on 22 September 1877.<ref>{{Cite news|date=September 15, 1877|title=The Business of the Philadelphia and Reading Coal and Iron Company|work=Philadelphia Inquirer|url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A110C9BFA1F116650%40GB3NEWS-1125C5A1B63238C8%402406878-1125C5A2030A9850%401-1125C5A39078B878%40The%2BBusiness%2Bof%2Bthe%2BPhiladelphia%2Band%2BReading%2BCoal%2Band%2BIron%2BCompany?h=12&fname=&mname=&lname=&kwinc=%22steamer%20santiago%20de%20cuba%22&kwexc=&rgfromDate=1877&rgtoDate=&formDate=&formDateFlex=exact&dateType=range&processingtime=&addedFrom=&addedTo=&sid=vtxwoszxvarvoffoxsslsgwvshgqchod_wma-gateway006_1637713718703}}</ref>  She returned to New York on 24 October 1877.<ref name=":7" />[[File:1876 Clyde steam lines advertisement.png|thumb|1876 advertisement for Clyde's steamship lines.  ''Santiago de Cuba'' sailed the New York to Cuba route.]]
=== New York and Charleston Steamship Company (1877{{En dash}}1878) ===
Clyde negotiated another charter for ''Santiago de Cuba'' that began promptly after her return from Panama.  James W. Quintard and Company used her to provide regular service between New York and Charleston, South Carolina.  She completed two round trips per month.  She cleared New York for Charleston for the first time on 1 November 1877.<ref>{{Cite news|date=November 1, 1877|title=Shipping News|work=New York Herald|url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A11A050B7B120D3F8%40GB3NEWS-128E50E1D75B08D0%402406925-128E50E3A2896670%409-128E50EAA7B99610%40Shipping%2BNews?h=7&fname=&mname=&lname=&kwinc=%22Santiago%20de%20Cuba%22&kwexc=&rgfromDate=11/1/1877&rgtoDate=11/10/1877&formDate=&formDateFlex=exact&dateType=range&processingtime=&addedFrom=&addedTo=&sid=pblwobdurmechjahnqpypfsvfjdykosg_s074_1637798707298}}</ref>  She completed her sailings to Charleston in April 1878.<ref>{{Cite news|date=April 4, 1878|title=Cleared|work=New York Herald|url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A11A050B7B120D3F8%40GB3NEWS-128E539DD8359608%402407079-128E539F76D97160%409-128E53A78F6AF9C8%40Shipping%2BNews?h=3&fname=&mname=&lname=&kwinc=steamer%20%22Santiago%20de%20Cuba%22&kwexc=&rgfromDate=4/1/1878&rgtoDate=5/1/1878&formDate=&formDateFlex=exact&dateType=range&processingtime=&addedFrom=&addedTo=&sid=ztrjuudjwihlggbpshfrgbvqdpdqxbqr_wma-gateway012_1637798885019}}</ref>
=== New York and Havana Direct Mail Line (1878{{En dash}}1881) ===
[[William P. Clyde]] took ''Santiago de Cuba'' off charter to support his newly established New York and Havana Direct Mail Line in May 1878.<ref>{{Cite news|date=June 1, 1878|title=New-York and Havana Direct Mail Line|work=New York Tribune|url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A1284B46450E6EE32%40GB3NEWS-12E5A223AFC14BC8%402407137-12E3F332C1057D68%407-12F6875E8FBD35E9%40Advertisement?h=3&fname=&mname=&lname=&kwinc=%22New%20York%20and%20Havana%20Direct%22&kwexc=&rgfromDate=jun%201878&rgtoDate=&formDate=&formDateFlex=exact&dateType=range&processingtime=&addedFrom=&addedTo=&sid=xlsmgnwiwuwtklelqqnmjpebjsicadqq_wma-gateway005_1637360960840}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=May 18, 1878|title=Arrivals of Ocean Steamers|work=Evening Bulletin|url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A147288B4AE4904D8%40GB3NEWS-174B2DC5B292E9D6%402407123-1749D7E49091FCBE%404-1749D7E49091FCBE%40?h=32&fname=&mname=&lname=&kwinc=%22steamship%20Santiago%20de%20Cuba%22&kwexc=&rgfromDate=4/1/1878&rgtoDate=6/1/1878&formDate=&formDateFlex=exact&dateType=range&processingtime=&addedFrom=&addedTo=&page=2&sid=ndpdbdaiuxibswwlisupsvexjutqxcbl_wma-gateway002_1637797526967}}</ref> The ship made one or two round trips a month between the two ports.
At the end of June 1879, ''Santiago de Cuba'' took a break from her runs to Cuba for a general overhaul at the Neafie and Levy shipyard.  After three weeks undergoing repairs, on 19 July 1879, she sailed down the [[Delaware River]] on her way back to New York to resume her runs to Havana.  The 1,194-ton iron-hulled steamship ''Scots Greys'' was heading upriver at the same time with a load of iron ore from [[Cartagena, Colombia|Carthagena]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=|first=|url=http://archive.org/details/HECROS1879|title=Lloyd's Register of Shipping|year=1879|location=London|pages=1192}}</ref>  The two ships collided off [[Gloucester City, New Jersey|Gloucester, New Jersey]].  ''Santiago de Cuba'' hit ''Scots Greys'' on her port bow.  Damage to the two ships was extensive, and both had to be towed to safety by nearby tugs.<ref>{{Cite news|date=July 21, 1879|title=A wooden Steamship Collides in the Delaware with an Iron Steamer|work=Philadelphia Inquirer|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/philadelphia-inquirer-jul-21-1879-p-2/}}</ref> The subsequent lawsuit found ''Santiago de Cuba'' at fault for the collision.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Federal Reporter, Volume 5|url=https://law.resource.org/pub/us/case/reporter/F/0005/0005.f.0369.html|access-date=2021-11-21|website=law.resource.org}}</ref>
The ship was repaired and continued her sailings between New York and Havana until March 1881.<ref>{{Cite news|date=March 16, 1881|title=From Merchant's Exchange|work=Portland Daily Press|url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A16E01067667620CE%40GB3NEWS-16FCE003E7C99BCE%402408156-16FCE01210A55A2B%402-16FCE01210A55A2B%40?h=44&fname=&mname=&lname=&kwinc=steamer%20%22Santiago%20de%20Cuba%22&kwexc=&rgfromDate=2/1/1881&rgtoDate=4/1/1881&formDate=&formDateFlex=exact&dateType=range&processingtime=&addedFrom=&addedTo=&page=2&sid=zeihyborjwpfkqokmesehyunhaziztyv_wma-gateway012_1637799160619}}</ref>
=== Boston and Savanah Steamship Line (1881) ===
''Santiago de Cuba'' was chartered briefly by the Boston and Savanna Steamship Line operated by F. Nickerson & Co. of Boston.  She completed a dozen trips between June and December 1881.<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Cite news|date=July 20, 1881|title=For Boston Direct|work=Savannah Morning News|url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A17293B61270B1466%40GB3NEWS-175895882CA6A229%402408282-175895A54647B0CA%403-175895A54647B0CA%40?h=1&fname=&mname=&lname=&kwinc=Foote%20%22santiago%20e%20cuba%22&kwexc=&rgfromDate=Jan%201881&rgtoDate=1886&formDate=&formDateFlex=exact&dateType=range&processingtime=&addedFrom=&addedTo=&sid=cpxbtnevridyctadkxtnyzntdqwklexh_wma-gateway007_1637361520604}}</ref>
Even after the dramatic replacement of her power plant in 1877, ''Santiago de Cuba'' was obsolescent.  After her runs to Boston, Clyde was unable to find additional employment for the ship and she sat idle in Brooklyn's [[Red Hook, Brooklyn|Erie Basin]] for the next five years.<ref name=":7" />
== Schooner barge ''Marion'' (1886{{En dash}}1899) ==
Sometime in 1886 ''Santiago de Cuba'' was purchased by the F. H. & A. H. Chappell Company of New London Connecticut.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Decker|first=Robert Owen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zUdLDwAAQBAJ&dq=F.+H.+&pg=PA177|title=The Whaling City: A History of New London|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|year=2017|isbn=978-1-4930-1562-7|pages=177|language=en}}</ref>  She was converted to a [[schooner barge]] and renamed ''Marion''.  Her engine was removed and a third mast added.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b3330057&view=1up&seq=241&skin=2021&q1=Santiago%20de%20cuba|title=Merchant Vessels of the United States|series=1936/37-1939/41: Report series, no.&#91;1&#93;, 4, 8, 11 |publisher=Government Printing Office|year=1887|location=Washington, D.C.|pages=185}}</ref>  She could not sail on her own.  She was towed by a tugboat and used her sails to help propel the hull in the event of a favorable wind.  She was used for transporting coal.  On the night of 17 December 1887, ''Marion'' was anchored in the [[Elizabeth River (Virginia)|Elizabeth River]] off Norfolk, Virginia with a full load of coal.  She was struck by the steamer ''Guyandotte'' and sunk.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=39 F1d 575|date=1889|title=Chappell vs. The Guyandotte|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Na0KAAAAYAAJ&q=schooner%20marion%20coal%20barge|journal=Federal Reporter}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=December 20, 1887|title=Items in Brief|work=Norfolk Virginia|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/604998191/?terms=guyandotte%20Marion&match=1}}</ref>  She was raised by 14 May 1888 and placed back into service.<ref>{{Cite book|last=|first=|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ED9FAQAAMAAJ&dq=wreck+schooner+marion+1887+virginia&pg=PA104|title=Annual Reports of the War Department|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|year=1888|location=Washington, D.C.|pages=104|language=en}}</ref>  The ship disappears from Federal registration in 1899.  Her ultimate fate is unknown.
{{Portal|American Civil War}}
==References==
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{{DANFS|https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/s/santiagodecuba.html}}
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[[Category:Ships of the Union Navy]]
[[Category:Ships built in Brooklyn]]
[[Category:1861 ships]]
[[Category:Steamships of the United States Navy]]
[[Category:Gunboats of the United States Navy]]
[[Category:Brigs of the United States Navy]]
[[Category:American Civil War patrol vessels of the United States]]