View source for Udeini

{{short description|Tribe of moths}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Deana hybreasalis female.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Deana hybreasalis]]''
| taxon = Udeini
| authority = [[Richard Mally|Mally]] et al., 2019<ref name=Mally-eal-2019>{{cite journal |last1=Mally |first1=Richard |last2=Hayden |first2=James E. |last3=Neinhuis |first3=Christoph |last4=Jordal |first4=Bjarte H. |last5=Nuss |first5=Matthias |year=2019 |title=The phylogenetic systematics of Spilomelinae and Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Crambidae) inferred from DNA and morphology |journal=Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny |volume=77 |issue=1 |pages=141–204 |doi=10.26049/ASP77-1-2019-07 |issn=1863-7221 |url=https://www.senckenberg.de/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/07_asp_77-1_mally_141-204.pdf}}</ref>
}}
'''Udeini''' is a [[Tribe (biology)|tribe]] in the species-rich [[subfamily]] [[Spilomelinae]] in the [[Pyraloidea|pyraloid moth]] [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Crambidae]]. The tribe was erected by Richard Mally, James E. Hayden, Christoph Neinhuis, Bjarte H. Jordal and Matthias Nuss in 2019.
==Description==
[[File:Conchylodes ovulalis - Zebra Conchylodes Moth (15873216737).jpg|thumb|right|''[[Conchylodes ovulalis]]'', adult]]
[[File:Mnesictena flavidalis male.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Mnesictena flavidalis]]'', adult male]]
[[File:Udea institalis1.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Udea institalis]]'', adult]]
[[File:Udea prunalis (14208239084).jpg|thumb|right|''[[Udea prunalis]]'', [[caterpillar]]]]
[[File:Udea prunalis (14235574506).jpg|thumb|right|''[[Udea prunalis]]'', [[pupa]]]]
The tribe is circumscribed by three [[Synapomorphy and apomorphy|synapomorphies]]: In the male genitalia, the depth of the central vertical split of the juxta is 10-60% of the juxta length. In the female genitalia, the colliculum, i.e. the posteriormost section of the ductus bursae, situated between the antrum and the  attachment of the ductus seminalis, is strongly sclerotised. Furthermore, the corpus bursae usually bears an elongate rhombical, an ovate or an "ediacaroid" signum, named after the [[Ediacaran biota]] from the [[Neoproterozoic]] Era, which exhibit body shapes similar to the shape of the signum in Udeini.<ref name=Mally-eal-2019/>
Udeini is one of the four so-called [[Spilomelinae#"Non-euspilomeline" tribes|non-euspilomeline tribes]], which share several [[Plesiomorphy and symplesiomorphy|plesiomorphic]] morphological characters with the [[sister group]] of Spilomelinae, the [[Pyraustinae]]. For example, female [[imago|imagines]] of some species show a reduction of the [[frenulum#In insects|frenular]] bristles in the [[wing coupling]] mechanism to only one bristle, e.g. in the ''[[Udea#Species|Udea alpinalis]]'' and ''[[Udea#Species|U. itysalis]]'' species groups (sensu <ref name=Mally-Nuss-2011>{{cite journal |last1=Mally |first1=Richard |last2=Nuss |first2=Matthias |date=2011 |title=Molecular and morphological phylogeny of European ''Udea'' moths (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea) |journal=Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny |volume=69 |issue=1 |pages=55–71 |url=https://www.senckenberg.de/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/asp_69_1_mally_55-71.pdf}}</ref>).
The uncus shape in the male genitalia is very diverse, ranging from unicapitate in the ''Udea'' genus group (comprising ''[[Deana]]'', ''[[Mnesictena]]'', ''[[Tanaophysa]]'', ''[[Udea]]'' and ''[[Udeoides]]'') to conical in ''[[Conchylodes]]'', reduced to a triangle in ''[[Sisyracera]]'' and ''[[Ercta]]'', or even reduced to a slim transverse band over the tegumen in the [[monotypic taxon|monotypic]] genus ''[[Cheverella]]''. The ''Conchylodes'' genus group is characterised by hair-like monofilament chaetae on the uncus of the male genitalia, as opposed to the thick bifid chaetae present in most other Spilomelinae. The valva costa is slightly concave, with the ventral sacculus edge being parallel to the costa (which is inflated in ''Cheverella''<ref name=Landry-eal-2011>{{cite journal |last1=Landry |first1=Bernard |last2=Roque-Albelo |first2=Lazaro |last3=Hayden |first3=James E. |date=2011 |title=A new genus and species of Spilomelinae (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) from the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador |journal=Revue suisse de Zoologie |volume=118 |issue=4 |pages=639–649 |doi=10.5962/bhl.part.117819 |url=https://espace.curtin.edu.au/handle/20.500.11937/34833|doi-access=free }}</ref>), and apical of the sacculus, the valva tapers towards a rounded apex.<ref name=Mally-eal-2019/>
The female genitalia exhibit a strongly sclerotized antrum except for ''Cheverella'', where it is weakly sclerotized. A membraneous appendix bursae is present in ''[[Conchylodes]]'', ''[[Ercta]]'' and ''[[Sisyracera]]'', which is attached to the anterior end of the corpus bursae in the former two genera, and to the posterior end in the latter genus. In all ''Udea'' species groups except the ''[[Udea#Species|Udea ferrugalis]]'' group, an accessory signum is present in the conjunction of ductus bursae and corpus bursae.<ref name=Mally-eal-2019/>
==Food plants==
Species of Udeini feed on a broad spectrum of food plants. Some species like ''[[Udea rubigalis]]'' are highly [[List of feeding behaviours#By food type|polyphagous]], feeding on plants from a wide variety of plant families.<ref name=Weigel-eal-1925>{{cite journal |last1=Weigel |first1=C. A. |last2=Broadbent |first2=B. M. |last3=Busck |first3=A. |last4=Heinrich |first4=C. |date=1925 |title=The greenhouse leaf-tyer, ''Phlyctaenia rubigalis'' (Guenée) |journal=Journal of Agricultural Research |place=Washington, D. C. |volume=29 (1924) |issue=3 |pages=137–158 |url=https://naldc.nal.usda.gov/download/IND43966750/PDF}}</ref> The [[caterpillar]]s of ''Mnesictena'' feed on ''[[Muehlenbeckia]]'' ([[Polygonaceae]]), ''[[Urtica]]'' and ''[[Australina (plant)|Australina]]'' ([[Urticaceae]]).<ref name=Robinson-eal-2010>{{cite web |last1=Robinson |first1=Gaden S. |last2=Ackery |first2=Phillip R. |last3=Kitching |first3=Ian J. |last4=Beccaloni |first4=George W. |last5=Hernández |first5=Luis M. |title=HOSTS - a Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants |website=Natural History Museum |place=London |url=https://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/data/hostplants |date=2010 |access-date=2020-04-01}}</ref> ''Conchylodes'' larvae have been recorded from [[Annonaceae]], [[Asteraceae]], [[Boraginaceae]], [[Cordiaceae]], [[Malvaceae]] and [[Platanaceae]],<ref name=Solis-2008>{{cite journal |last=Solis |first=M. Alma |author-link=Maria Alma Solis |date=2008 |title=Pyraloidea and their known hosts (Insecta: Lepidoptera) of Plummers Island, Maryland |journal=Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington |volume=15 |issue=1|pages=88–106 |doi=10.2988/0097-0298(2008)15[88:PATKHI]2.0.CO;2|s2cid=86140437 }}</ref><ref name=Janzen-Hallwachs-2009>{{cite web |last1=Janzen |first1=Daniel H. |author1-link=Daniel H. Janzen |last2=Hallwachs |first2=Winifred |author2-link=Winifred Hallwachs |date=2009 |title=Dynamic database for an inventory of the macrocaterpillar fauna, and its food plants and parasitoids, of Area de Conservacion Guanacaste (ACG), northwestern Costa Rica |url=http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu |access-date=2017-11-29}}</ref> and the caterpillars of ''Sisyracera'' and ''Cheverella'' are recorded from Boraginaceae.<ref name=Dyar-1917>{{cite journal |last=Dyar |first=Harrison G. |author-link=Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. |date=1917 |title=Seven new pyralids from British Guiana (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) |journal=Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus |volume=5 |issue=4–6 |pages=88–92 |doi=10.5962/bhl.part.14927 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34041#page/102/mode/1up}}</ref><ref name=Wolcott-1950>{{cite journal |last=Wolcott |first=George Norton |author-link=George Norton Wolcott |date=1950 |title=The insects of Puerto Rico |journal=Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico |volume=32 |issue=1948 |pages=1–975|doi=10.46429/jaupr.v32i1.13611 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=Landry-eal-2011/>
==Distribution==
Several genera are geographically confined, e.g. ''[[Deana]]'' and ''[[Mnesictena]]'' to [[New Zealand]], ''[[Udeoides]]'' to the [[Afrotropical realm]] and ''[[Sisyracera]]'' to the [[Neotropical realm]]. ''[[Udea]]'' on the other hand, with its 214 species, is found on every continent except [[Antarctica]],<ref name=GlobIZ>{{cite web |url=http://globiz.pyraloidea.org/Pages/Reports/TaxonReport.aspx?ReturnUrl=%2fPages%2fReports%2fTaxonomyReport.aspx%3fAspxAutoDetectCookieSupport%3d1&AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1 |website=www.pyraloidea.org |title=Global Information System on Pyraloidea (GlobIZ) |last1=Nuss |first1=Matthias |last2=Landry |first2=Bernard |last3=Mally |first3=Richard |last4=Vegliante |first4=Francesca |last5=Tränkner |first5=Andreas |last6=Bauer |first6=Franziska |last7=Hayden |first7=James |last8=Segerer |first8=Andreas |last9=Schouten |first9=Rob |last10=Li |first10=Houhun |last11=Trofimova |first11=Tatiana |last12=Solis |first12=M. Alma |author-link12=Maria Alma Solis |last13=De Prins |first13=Jurate |last14=Speidel |first14=Wolfgang |date=2003–2020 |access-date=2020-04-01}}</ref> and members of the ''[[Udea#Species|Udea ferrugalis]]'' species group are especially abundant on [[Island#Oceanic islands|oceanic islands]].<ref name=Mally-Nuss-2011/>
==Systematics==
Nine genera, altogether comprising 262 species, are currently placed in Udeini:<ref name=GlobIZ/>
*''[[Cheverella]]'' <small>B. Landry in Landry, Roque-Albelo & Hayden, 2011</small>
*''[[Conchylodes]]'' <small>Guenée, 1854</small> (synonyms ''Ledereria'' <small>Snellen, 1873</small>, ''Nonazochis'' <small>Amsel, 1956</small>)
*''[[Deana]]'' <small>Butler, 1879</small> (synonyms ''Adena'' <small>Walker, 1863</small>, ''Nesarcha'' <small>Meyrick, 1884</small>)
*''[[Ercta]]'' <small>Walker, 1859</small> (misspelling ''Erota'' <small>Walker, 1859</small>)
*''[[Mnesictena]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1884</small>
*''[[Sisyracera]]'' <small>Möschler, 1890</small>
*''[[Tanaophysa]]'' <small>Warren, 1892</small>
*''[[Udea]]'' <small>Guenée in Duponchel, 1845</small> (synonyms ''Melanomecyna'' <small>Butler, 1883</small>, ''Notophytis'' <small>Meyrick, 1932</small>, ''Protaulacistis'' <small>Meyrick, 1899</small>, ''Protocolletis'' <small>Meyrick, 1888</small>, ''Stantira'' <small>Walker, 1863</small>) &ndash; [[type genus]] of the tribe
*''[[Udeoides]]'' <small>Maes, 2006</small>
The name Udeini was proposed by Patrice Leraut in 1997 in Pyraustinae.<ref name=Leraut-1997>{{cite journal |last=Leraut |first=Patrice J. A. |date=1997 |title=Liste systématique et synonymique des Lépidoptères de France, Belgique et Corse (deuxième édition) |journal=Alexanor |volume=supplement |pages=7–526 |language=fr}}</ref> However, the proposed name was not accompanied by a description to differentiate the taxon, and therefore lacking a requirement issued by the [[International Code of Zoological Nomenclature]] in their article 13.1 for names published after 1930.<ref name=Ride-eal-1999>{{cite book |last1=Ride |first1=W. D. L. |last2=Cogger |first2=H. G. |last3=Dupuis |first3=C. |last4=Kraus |first4=O. |last5=Minelli |first5=A. |last6=Thompson |first6=F. C. |last7=Tubbs |first7=P. K. |date=1999 |title=International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. |publisher=The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, The Natural History Museum |place=London |pages=i-xxx, 1–306 |isbn=0-85301-006-4 |url=http://www.iczn.org/iczn/index.jsp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090408072159/http://www.iczn.org/iczn/index.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-date=2009-04-08 }}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
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[[Category:Spilomelinae]]
[[Category:Moth tribes]]