View source for Umjip

{{Short description|Prehistoric pit dwellings in Korea}}
{{Italic title}}
[[File:Bronze-age Pit House No.2 in Dunsan prehistoric site.jpg|thumb|A modern recreation of an ''umjip'']]
'''''Umjip''''' ({{Korean|hangul=움집}}) were [[pit-house]]s that were used for housing in [[prehistoric Korea]]. These huts were widely used in Korea from the Neolithic Age until the [[Three Kingdoms of Korea|Three Kingdoms period]].<ref name=":0">{{Citation |last=김 |first=봉열 |script-title=ko:움집 |work=[[Encyclopedia of Korean Culture]] |url=https://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Article/E0040528 |access-date=2024-12-03 |publisher=[[Academy of Korean Studies]] |language=ko}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite encyclopedia |script-title=ko:움집 |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Culture]] |url=https://folkency.nfm.go.kr/kr/topic/detail/8467 |access-date=2024-12-02 |last=강 |first=영환 |language=ko}}</ref>
The floor of the hut would be dug below the ground level. In colder regions, the pit would be around {{Convert|1|m|ft|abbr=on}} deep, and in warmer around half that depth. The floor area would be around {{Convert|20 to 30|m2|ft2|abbr=on}}.<ref name=":0" /> Hunter-gatherers tended to have round ''umjip'', and farmers square; it is believed that there was a rough progression from round to square houses over time.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> The floor would be made of compacted earth and have animal skins or grass laid onto it.<ref name=":1" /> At least one entrance to the house would also be dug, with stairs up to ground level. Two Y-shaped pillars would be placed along the center axis of the structure to support the roof. A [[Thatching|thatched roof]] would then be placed on top; this roof would be woven tight enough to be effectively waterproof.<ref name=":0" /> The hut's low height above the ground meant that it dealt with wind relatively well and was relatively sturdy.<ref name=":1" />
[[File:Amsadong IMG 2086.jpg|thumb|Various reconstructed ''umjip'' at various stages of completion in {{Ill|Amsa-dong Neolithic Site|ko|서울 암사동 유적}}]]
The interior of the house was typically divided by function. Men typically left tools for their activities outside the home near the entrance of the hut, and women typically operated deeper in the interior. According to a writer for the ''[[Encyclopedia of Korean Culture]]'', this gendered division of the home possibility later evolved into the ''[[sarangchae]]'' and ''[[anchae]]'' division.<ref name=":0" />
The structures had a number of disadvantages. The floor of the structures were often cold in the winter, despite fires lit in the ''umjip''; the later invention of ''[[ondol]]'' heated floors helped with this situation. Lighting and ventilation were poor inside the structures, as they were below ground and without windows. Due to the disadvantages of these structures, walled structures above ground became more popular.<ref name=":0" />
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Prehistoric Korea]]
[[Category:Architecture in Korea]]
[[Category:Houses in Korea]]
[[Category:Semi-subterranean structures]]