View source for Unique Master Citizen Number

{{short description|Unique identification number for citizens of some former Yugoslav republics}}
'''Unique Master Citizen Number''' ({{lang-sh-Latn-Cyrl|Jedinstveni matični broj građana|Јединствени матични број грађана|separator=" / "}}, JMBG / {{lang|sh-Cyrl|ЈМБГ}}, {{langx|mk|Единствен матичен број на граѓанинот, ЕМБГ}}, {{langx|sl|Enotna matična številka občana}}, EMŠO) is an identification number that was assigned to every citizen of [[Former Yugoslav republics#Federal units|former Yugoslav republics]] of the [[SFR Yugoslavia]]. It continues to be used in almost all of the countries that were created after the [[breakup of Yugoslavia|dissolution of Yugoslavia]] – [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Montenegro]], [[North Macedonia]], [[Serbia]] and [[Slovenia]] use it in its original form, while [[Croatia]] has switched to a new identification number called the [[Personal identification number (Croatia)|Personal Identification Number]] ({{lang|sh-Latn|Osobni identifikacijski broj}}, OIB).
==History==
The JMBG was introduced in the [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]] on January 8, 1977<ref>Law on the introduction of the Unique Master Citizen Number (»Official Gazette of SFRY«, No. 58/76., reg. 840., pp 1823. & 1824.) was published on 1976-12-31. The Law reached validity on 1977-01-08. The Article 12 of the Law gave a five years deadline for the introduction of the Unique Master Citizen Number.</ref> and applied to all citizens born before then and alive at the time. All six republics passed a law on the Unique Master Citizen Number.
Although the [[Republic of Croatia]] continued to use the JMBG after gaining independence<ref>Croatian Law on JMBG from 1992 – ''Zakon o matičnom broju'' – [[Narodne novine]] 1992-9 {{cite web|url=http://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/1992_02_9_145.html |title=9 21.02.1992 Ukaz o progla?enju Zakona o mati?nom broju |access-date=October 18, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610194819/http://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/1992_02_9_145.html |archive-date=June 10, 2015 |language=hr}}</ref> in 2002 the official name of the number there was changed to ''Matični broj građana'' (''Master Citizen Number''), acronym ''MBG''.<ref> Changes in the Croatian Law on MBG from 2002 – ''Zakon o izmjenama i dopunama Zakona o matičnom broju'' – [[Narodne novine]] 2002-66 {{cite web|url=http://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/2002_06_66_1126.html |title=66 7.6.2002 Zakon o izmjenama i dopunama Zakona o mati?nom broju |access-date=March 9, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151105154039/http://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/2002_06_66_1126.html |archive-date=November 5, 2015 |language=hr}}</ref><ref>[http://www.mup.hr/main.aspx?id=95 Full text of the Croatian master citizen number law at the Croatian Ministry of Interior Affairs] {{in lang|hr}}</ref> Advocates of the [[right to privacy]] argued that JMBG was a piece of [[personally identifiable information]] that needed to be protected by [[information privacy law]], mostly because it was unique and it included the person's date of birth. When the law to that effect was passed in 2003<ref>{{langx|hr|Zakon o zaštiti osobnih podataka}}, [[Narodne novine]] 2003-103 {{cite web|url=http://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/305952.html |title=103 26.6.2003 Zakon o za?titi osobnih podataka |access-date=October 18, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090922122141/http://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/305952.html |archive-date=September 22, 2009 |language=hr}}</ref> it was no longer possible to use JMBG on [[identity card]]s, [[driver's license]]s and similar documents. Even though law hid ''MBG'' from personal documents, various institutions (e.g. banks, schools, insurance companies ...) continued to demand citizens to  give their ''MBG'' while signing various contracts, since ''MBG'' was natural unique identifier of each citizen. Seeing flaw of hiding ''MBG'', on January 1, 2009 Croatia passed a new law<ref>{{langx|hr|Zakon o osobnom identifikacijskom broju}}, [[Narodne novine]] 2008-60 {{cite web|url=http://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/2008_05_60_2033.html |title=60 28.5.2008 Zakon o osobnom identifikacijskom broju |access-date=May 5, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091022102120/http://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/2008_05_60_2033.html |archive-date=October 22, 2009 |language=hr}}</ref> that introduced a different unique identifier called the [[Personal identification number (Croatia)|Personal Identification Number]] ({{langx|hr|Osobni identifikacijski broj}}, ''OIB''). The OIB consists of 11 randomly chosen digits and has been assigned to all Croatian citizens, companies registered in Croatia and foreign nationals residing in Croatia.<ref>[http://www.oib.hr OIB – Croatia]  {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120805064708/http://www.oib.hr/ |date=August 5, 2012 }}</ref> Although the OIB is in use, the MBG law remains in effect, and the MBG number is still issued. It is used for data coordination among government registries. MBG no longer appears on [[Croatian identity card]]s since 2003, instead OIB does, since 2013.
In [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] in 2001 the official name of the number was changed to ''Jedinstveni matični broj'' (''Unique Master Number''), although acronym ''JMBG'' is still in use.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.parlament.ba/law/DownloadDocument?lawDocumentId=2c35d62c-7a60-407a-9dc5-9dd364e05978&langTag=hr|title = ZAKON O JEDINSTVENOM MATIČNOM BROJU (Neslužbeni pročišćeni tekst1 ) Poglavlje I - OPĆE ODREDBE Članak 1. Ovim zakonom pro}}</ref>
== Composition ==
The number is made up of 13 digits in a form "DD MM YYY RR BBB K" (whitespaces are for convenience; digits are written without separation) where:
<div style="font-size:85%">
: DD &ndash; day of birth
: MM &ndash; month of birth
: YYY &ndash; last three digits of the year of birth
: RR &ndash; political region <ref>Agreement on allocation of registry numbers for the Unique Master Citizen Number (»Official Gazette of SFRY«, No. 13/78., reg. 240.)</ref> of birth (for persons born before 1976, political region where they were first registered)
:* 01-08 &ndash; foreign citizens <ref>Bylaw on the means for determining the Unique Master Foreigner Number (»Official Gazette of SFRY«, No. 43/80., reg. 705., pp 1431. & 1431.) published on 1980-08-01 and reached legal validity on 1980-08-09. This bylaw determined by its Article 5 the registry numbers for the Unique Master Foreigner Number.</ref> without citizenship of former Yugoslavia or succeeding countries (foreign citizens that receive citizenship also receive a 'regular' JMBG, not this 'foreigners only' one)
:** 01 – foreigners in Bosnia and Herzegovina
:** 02 – foreigners in Montenegro
:** 03 – foreigners in Croatia
:** 04 – foreigners in Macedonia
:** 05 – foreigners in Slovenia
:** 06 – foreigners in Central Serbia
:** 07 – foreigners in Vojvodina
:** 08 – foreigners in Kosovo
:*00 and 09 &ndash; naturalized citizens which had no republican citizenship<ref>Registry numbers 00 and 09 were allocated to the Federal Secretariat for Internal Affairs and were used for naturalized citizens of the SFRY who had no republican citizenship. In Croatia, registry numbers 00 were to be used in case of filling out the quota of the registry number 03.</ref>
:* 10–19 &ndash; [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
:** 10 – [[Banja Luka]]
:** 11 – [[Bihać]]
:** 12 – [[Doboj]]
:** 13 – [[Goražde]]
:** 14 – [[Livno]]
:** 15 – [[Mostar]]
:** 16 – [[Prijedor]]
:** 17 – [[Sarajevo]]
:** 18 – [[Tuzla]]
:** 19 – [[Zenica]]
:* 20–29 &ndash; [[Montenegro]]
:** 20 – (not in use)
:** 21 – [[Podgorica]], [[Danilovgrad]], [[Kolašin]]
:** 22 – [[Bar, Montenegro|Bar]], [[Ulcinj]]
:** 23 – [[Budva]], [[Kotor]], [[Tivat]]
:** 24 – [[Herceg Novi]]
:** 25 – [[Cetinje]]
:** 26 – [[Nikšić]], [[Plužine]], [[Šavnik]]
:** 27 – [[Berane]], [[Rožaje]], [[Plav, Montenegro|Plav]], [[Andrijevica]]
:** 28 – [[Bijelo Polje]], [[Mojkovac]]
:** 29 – [[Pljevlja]], [[Žabljak]]
:* 30–39 &ndash; [[Croatia]] (no longer exclusively used)
:** 30 – [[Osijek]], [[Slavonia]] region
:** 31 – [[Bjelovar]], [[Virovitica]], [[Koprivnica]], [[Pakrac]], [[Podravina]] region
:** 32 – [[Varaždin]], [[Međimurje]] region
:** 33 – [[Zagreb]]
:** 34 – [[Karlovac]], [[Kordun]] region
:** 35 – [[Gospić]], [[Lika]] region
:** 36 – [[Rijeka]], [[Pula]], [[Gorski kotar]], [[Istria]] and [[Croatian Littoral]] regions
:** 37 – [[Sisak]], [[Banovina (region)|Banovina]] region
:** 38 – [[Split, Croatia|Split]], [[Zadar]], [[Šibenik]], [[Dubrovnik]], [[Dalmatia]] region
:** 39 – [[Hrvatsko Zagorje]] and mixed
:* 41–49 &ndash; [[North Macedonia|Macedonia]]
:** 41 – [[Bitola]]
:** 42 – [[Kumanovo]]
:** 43 – [[Ohrid]]
:** 44 – [[Prilep]]
:** 45 – [[Skopje]]
:** 46 – [[Strumica]]
:** 47 – [[Tetovo]]
:** 48 – [[Veles (city)|Veles]]
:** 49 – [[Štip]]
:* 50–59 &ndash; [[Slovenia]] (only 50 was used until 2024)
:* 60–69 &ndash; (Citizens with temporary residence)
:* 70–79 &ndash; [[Central Serbia]]
:** 70 – Serbian citizens registered abroad at a Serbian diplomatic/consular post (section 4 of the JMBG Law)
:** 71 – [[Belgrade]] region ([[City of Belgrade]])
:** 72 – [[Šumadija]] and [[Pomoravlje (region)|Pomoravlje]] regions ([[Šumadija District]] and [[Pomoravlje District]])
:** 73 – [[Niš]] region ([[Nišava District]], [[Pirot District]] and [[Toplica District]])
:** 74 – Southern [[Moravia|Morava]] region ([[Jablanica District]] and [[Pčinja District]])
:** 75 – [[Zaječar]] region ([[Zaječar District]] and [[Bor District]])
:** 76 – [[Podunavlje]] region ([[Podunavlje District]] and [[Braničevo District]])
:** 77 – [[Podrinje]] and [[Kolubara]] regions ([[Mačva District]] and [[Kolubara District]])
:** 78 – [[Kraljevo]] region ([[Raška District]], [[Moravica District]] and [[Rasina District]])
:** 79 – [[Užice]] region ([[Zlatibor District]])
:* 80–89 &ndash; Serbian province of [[Vojvodina]]
:** 80 – [[Novi Sad]] region ([[South Bačka District]])
:** 81 – [[Sombor]] region ([[West Bačka District]])
:** 82 – [[Subotica]] region ([[North Bačka District]])
:** 84 – [[Kikinda]] region ([[North Banat District]])
:** 85 – [[Zrenjanin]] region ([[Central Banat District]])
:** 86 – [[Pančevo]] region ([[South Banat District]])
:** 87 – [[Vršac]] region ([[South Banat District]])
:** 88 – [[Ruma]] region (part of [[Syrmia District]])
:** 89 – [[Sremska Mitrovica]] region (part of [[Syrmia District]])
:* 90–99 &ndash; Serbian province of [[Kosovo]]
:** 91 – [[Priština]] region ([[Kosovo District]])
:** 92 – [[Kosovska Mitrovica]] region ([[Kosovska Mitrovica District (Serbia)|Kosovska Mitrovica District]])
:** 93 – [[Peć]] region (part of [[Peć District (Serbia)|Peć District]])
:** 94 – [[Đakovica]] region (part of [[Peć District (Serbia)|Peć District]])
:** 95 – [[Prizren]] region ([[District of Prizren|Prizren District]])
:** 96 – [[Gnjilane]] region ([[Kosovo-Pomoravlje District]])
: BBB &ndash; unique number of the particular RR (represents a person within the DDMMYYYRR section in the particular municipality)
:* 000–499 &ndash; [[male]]
:* 500–999 &ndash; [[female]]
: K – [[checksum]]
</div>
===Checksum calculation===
The checksum is calculated from the mapping {{not a typo|DDMMYYYRRBBBK}} = ''{{not a typo|abcdefghijklm}}'', using the formula:
:''m'' = 11 &minus; (( 7×(''a'' + ''g'') + 6×(''b'' + ''h'') + 5×(''c'' + ''i'') + 4×(''d'' + ''j'') + 3×(''e'' + ''k'') + 2×(''f'' + ''l'') ) [[Modulo operation|mod]] 11)
* If ''m'' is between 1 and 9, the number K is the same as the number ''m''
* If ''m'' is 10 or 11 K becomes 0 (zero)
Note: there has been a small number of JMBGs that were assigned by valid authorities but which had an invalid checksum. Also, there are a few duplicate JMBGs in existence. The common anecdotal explanation for these is simple operator error. Reportedly these mistakes happened more often in the early 1990s. The chances of running into exceptions are reportedly low, and whether such exceptions justify questioning the use of JMBG as a unique identifier has not been scientifically analyzed.{{Citation needed|date=December 2010}}
==Example==
As an example, a valid identification number is 0101006500006; it is the number of the first male baby registered in [[Slovenia]] on January 1, 2006.
==See also==
* [[National identification number]]
* [[JMBG protests]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
*[https://nikigre.si/check-umcn/ Online validation checking and details of Unique Master Citizen Number]
{{National identification numbers}}
[[Category:1977 introductions]]
[[Category:Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]]
[[Category:National identification numbers]]
[[Category:Law of Serbia]]
[[Category:Law of Slovenia]]
[[Category:Law of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
[[Category:Law of Montenegro]]
[[Category:Law of North Macedonia]]
[[Category:Law of Croatia]]
[[Category:Legacy of Yugoslavia]]