View source for Upaon-Açu/Miritiba/Alto Preguiças Environmental Protection Area

{{Short description|Environmental protection area in the state of Maranhão, Brazil}}
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Upaon-Açu/Miritiba/Alto Preguiças Environmental Protection Area
| alt_name = Área de Proteção Ambiental Upaon-Açu/Miritiba/Alto Preguiças
| iucn_category = V
| photo =
| photo_alt =
| photo_caption =
| map = Brazil
| map_alt =
| relief = yes
| location =
| nearest_city = [[Humberto de Campos]], Maranhão
| coordinates = {{coord|-2.724916|-43.615565|region:BR|format=dms|display=it}}
| area_ha = 1535310
| designation = [[Environmental protection area (Brazil)|Environmental protection area]]
| created = 5 June 1992
| administrator = Sema
| world_heritage_site =
}}
The '''Upaon-Açu/Miritiba/Alto Preguiças Environmental Protection Area''' ({{langx|pt|Área de Proteção Ambiental Upaon-Açu/Miritiba/Alto Preguiças}}) is an [[Environmental protection area (Brazil)|environmental protection area]] in the state of [[Maranhão]], Brazil
==Location==
The Upaon-Açu/Miritiba/Alto Preguiças Environmental Protection Area (APA) covers all or part of the municipalities of [[Urbano Santos]] (2.8%), [[São Luís, Maranhão|São Luís]] (1.4%), [[São José de Ribamar]] (2.25%), [[São Benedito do Rio Preto]] (0.34%), [[Santo Amaro do Maranhão]] (5.87%), [[Santana do Maranhão]] (0.03%), [[Santa Rita, Maranhão|Santa Rita]] (1.85%), [[Santa Quitéria do Maranhão]] (3.91%), [[Rosário, Maranhão|Rosário]] (4.26%), [[Raposa]] (0.41%), [[Primeira Cruz]] (7.89%), [[Presidente Vargas, Maranhão|Presidente Vargas]] (0.29%), [[Presidente Juscelino, Maranhão|Presidente Juscelino]] (2.2%), [[Paço do Lumiar]] (0.55%), [[Nina Rodrigues]] (0.05%), [[Morros]] (10.8%), [[Itapecuru Mirim]] (0.18%), [[Icatu]] (9.24%), [[Humberto de Campos]] (13.59%), [[Cachoeira Grande]] (4.32%), [[Belágua]] (3.18%), [[Barreirinhas]] (12.07%), [[Bacabeira]] (0.79%) and [[Axixá]] (1.3%) in the state of Maranhão.{{sfn|APA Upaon-Açu/Miritiba/Alto Preguiças – ISA |loc=Informações gerais}}
The APA has an area of {{convert|1535310|ha}}.{{sfn|APA Upaon-Açu/Miritiba/Alto Preguiças – ISA |loc=Informações gerais}}
It adjoins the [[Lençóis Maranhenses National Park]] to the north and the [[Delta do Parnaíba Environmental Protection Area]] to the east.{{sfn|Unidades de Conservação – ZEE}}
==History==
The Upaon-Açu/Miritiba/Alto Preguiças Environmental Protection Area was created by decree 12.428 of 5 June 1992 with objectives that included controlling use and occupation of the land, exploitation of natural resources, hunting and fishing, protection of fauna and flora, and maintenance of water quality.{{sfn|APA Upaon-Açu/Miritiba/Alto Preguiças – ISA|loc=Historico Juridico}}
A 2011 report noted that the APA was not the target of ongoing public policies to protect its ecosystems.{{sfn|Correia|2011|p=6}}
The management plan was completed in October 2014, allowing the Secretary of State for Environment and Natural Resources (Sema) to start conservation measures.
At that time there was still no managing board.{{sfn|Sema recebe Plano de Manejo da APA ...}}
==Environment==
The APA contains elements of the [[Amazon rainforest]] (18%),  [[cerrado]] (63%) and coastal marine (19%) biomes.
Vegetation includes pioneer formations (47%), dense rainforest (7%), savanna-seasonal forest contact (1%). savanna-mixed rainforest contact (1%) and savanna-semi-desert-seasonal forest contact  (25%).{{sfn|Área de Proteção Ambiental Upaon Açu ... Via Rural}}
The APA is a birthplace and nursery for most species of coastal [[elasmobranchii]], so deserves special care in management of fishing.{{sfn|APA Upaon-Açu/Miritiba/Alto Preguiças – ISA |loc=Características}}
==Notes==
{{notes}}
{{reflist|30em}}
==Sources==
{{refbegin}}
*{{citation|ref={{harvid|APA Upaon-Açu/Miritiba/Alto Preguiças – ISA}}|language=pt
|title=APA Upaon-Açu/Miritiba/Alto Preguiças|publisher=ISA: Instituto Socioambiental
|url=https://uc.socioambiental.org/pt-br/uc/6878|access-date=2017-02-09}}
*{{citation|language=pt|ref={{harvid|Área de Proteção Ambiental Upaon Açu ... Via Rural}}
|title=Área de Proteção Ambiental Upaon Açu - Miritiba - Alto Preguiças|publisher=Via Rural
|url=http://br.viarural.com/servicos/turismo/areas-de-protecao-ambiental/apa-upaon-acu-miritiba-alto-preguicas/default.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090507104906/http://br.viarural.com/servicos/turismo/areas-de-protecao-ambiental/apa-upaon-acu-miritiba-alto-preguicas/default.htm|url-status=usurped|archive-date=May 7, 2009|access-date=2017-02-09}}
*{{citation|language=pt|title=Estado do Maranhão e sua política de proteção ambiental
|last=Correia |first=Fabiana Pereira|journal=Jornada Internacional de Politicas Publicas |year=2011
|url=http://www.joinpp.ufma.br/jornadas/joinpp2011/CdVjornada/JORNADA_EIXO_2011/QUESTAO_AMBIENTAL_DESENVOLVIMENTO_E_POLITICAS_PUBLICAS/ESTADO_DO_MARANHAO_E_SUA_POLITICA_DE_PROTECAO_AMBIENTAL.pdf|access-date=2017-02-09}}
*{{citation|language=pt|ref={{harvid|Sema recebe Plano de Manejo da APA ...}}
|title=Sema recebe Plano de Manejo da APA Upaon-Açu/Miritiba/Alto Preguiças|publisher=Governo do Maranhão|date=17 October 2014
|url=http://www2.ma.gov.br/index.php/category/agencia-de-noticias/page/217/?id=87521|access-date=2017-02-09}}
*{{citation|language=pt|ref={{harvid|Unidades de Conservação – ZEE}}
|title=Unidades de Conservação|publisher=ZEE: Governo do Estado do Maranhão
|url=http://www.zee.ma.gov.br/html/unid.html|access-date=2017-02-09}}
{{refend}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Upaon-Açu/Miritiba/Alto Preguiças Environmental Protection Area}}
[[Category:Environmental protection areas of Brazil]]
[[Category:Protected areas established in 1992]]
[[Category:1992 establishments in Brazil]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Maranhão]]