View source for Usfurids

{{short description|Dynasty}}
{{More citations needed|date=August 2008}}{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Usfurids dynasty
| native_name            = {{lang|ar| الدولة العصفورية}}
| common_name            = Usfurids dynasty
| p1                     = Uyunid Emirate
| flag_p1                =
| s1                     = Jarwanid dynasty
| flag_s1                =
| s2                     =
| flag_s2                =
| s3                     =
| flag_s3                =
| image_flag             =
| flag                   =
| flag_type              =
| image_map              = Map of Usfurid Emirate.png
| image_map_caption      = The borders of the Usfurid emirate
| capital                = [[Al-Ahsa Governorate|al-Hasa]]
| latd                   =
| latm                   =
| latNS                  =
| longd                  =
| longm                  =
| longEW                 =
| common_languages       = [[Arabic]]
| religion               = [[Islam]]
| government_type        = Emirate
| leader1                =
| year_leader1           =
| leader2                =
| year_leader2           =
| title_representative   =
| representative1        =
| year_representative1   =
| title_deputy           =
| deputy1                =
| year_deputy1           =
| legislature            =
| era                    = 13th-14th centuries
| year_start             = 1253
| year_end               = 1392
| currency               =
| today                  = [[Saudi Arabia]]<br />[[Bahrain]]<br />[[Kuwait]]<br />[[Qatar]]<br />[[United Arab Emirates]]
}}
{{History of Bahrain}}
The '''Usfurids''' ({{langx|ar|آل عصفور|Al ʿUṣfūr}}) were an [[Arab]] dynasty that in 1253 gained control of [[Eastern Arabia]], including the islands of [[Bahrain]]. They were a branch of [[Uqaylid dynasty|Uqaylids]] who re-migrated to Arabia after the fall of their rule in Syria.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Khanam |first=R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A1dtAAAAMAAJ&q=%22usfur%22+%22ukayl%22 |title=Encyclopaedic Ethnography of Middle-East and Central Asia |date=2005 |publisher=Global Vision Publishing House |isbn=978-81-8220-065-4 |language=en}}</ref>
== Name ==
The dynasty is named after its founder, ʿUṣfūr bin Rāshid ({{Lang|ar|عُصْفُور بِن رَاشِد}}). The name ''[[wikt:عصفور|ʿUṣfūr]]'' ({{Lang|ar|عصفور}}) means small bird''.''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meaning of usfur in English |url=https://www.rekhtadictionary.com/meaning-of-usfuur |access-date=2024-07-15 |website=Rekhta Dictionary |language=en}}</ref>
== History ==
The Usfurids were initially allies of the [[Qarmatians]] and their successors, the [[Uyunids]], but eventually overthrew the latter and seized power themselves.<ref>Joseph Meri, ''Medieval Islamic Civilization'', Taylor and Francis, 2006,  p95</ref> The Usfurids' takeover came after Uyunid power had been weakened by invasion in 1235 by the [[Salghurid]] Atabeg of Fars.
At the beginning of their rule the Usfurids had a state composed of central and eastern Arabia and even ruled parts of Oman.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Al-Khalifa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_3jZBAAAQBAJ&dq=%22usfurid%22+%22oman%22&pg=PA560 |title=Bahrain Through The Ages |date=2014-10-17 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-14650-3 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Khanam |first=R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A1dtAAAAMAAJ&q=%22usfur%22+%22yamama%22 |title=Encyclopaedic Ethnography of Middle-East and Central Asia |date=2005 |publisher=Global Vision Publishing House |isbn=978-81-8220-065-4 |language=en}}</ref> After 150 years of rule the Usfurids were overthrown by the [[Jarwanid dynasty|Jarwanids]] whom in turn were overthrown by the [[Jabrids]] who were also an Uqaylid dynasty.
According to Arab sources, in 1354  the Arabian Forces From The Usfurids invaded [[Basra]] and defeated the [[Mongols]] Where they inflicted heavy losses on them.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=الزبيدي |first1=إياد كاظم هادي جلو |last2=التميمي |first2=قائد كامل حميد البندر |date=2016 |title=التحديات التي واجهت المسلمين في الأندلس:, المورسيكيون أنموذجاً |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.36323/0964-009-026-007 |journal=مجلة الكوفة للعلوم القانونية والسياسية |pages=220 |doi=10.36323/0964-009-026-007}}</ref> However, [[Hasan Buzurg|Sheikh Hassan al-Jalairi the Great]], who succeeded the Mongols in ruling Iraq, and he himself is a Mongol sought help from Prince Fawaz bin Muhanna, the leader of the [[Tayy|Ta’is Tribe]], and [[Sheikh Hassan al-Jalairi the Great]], who was able to Repel The Invaders, defeating them and killing a large number of the Usfurid Forces.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=عبد العزيز محمد علي السيد |first=عبد الفتاح |date=2020-04-10 |title=الآراء الاعتقادية وقضية الکفر للشيخين (محمد بن عبد الوهاب ومحمد رشيد رضا) رحمهما الله. |journal=مجلة کلية الآداب (الزقازيق) |volume=45 |issue=93 |pages=67–101 |doi=10.21608/artzag.2020.170916 |issn=2735-4849|doi-access=free }}</ref>
==See also==
*[[Yusuf al-Bahrani]], descendant of the Usfurid dynasty
*[[History of bahrain#10th-16th centuries|History of Bahrain: 10th-16th centuries]]
* [[Jarwanid dynasty]]
* [[Uqaylid Dynasty]]
* [[Uyunid dynasty]]
*[[Mirdasids]]
*[[Kalbids]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
* [http://www.alasfoor.net/index.php ديوان آل عصفور]
* [http://asfourfamily.com Jordan ديوان آل عصفور]
* [http://www.al-asfoor.com/farsi/index.php سايت خاندان آل عصفور در ايران]
{{Muslim dynasties in Arabian Peninsula}}
[[Category:History of Eastern Arabia]]
[[Category:Arab dynasties]]
[[Category:Bahraini monarchy]]
[[Category:Banu Uqayl]]
[[Category:Arab slave owners]]
{{MEast-hist-stub}}