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{{short description|Dispassion, detachment, or renunciation in Hinduism and Jainism}}
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'''Vairāgya''' ({{langx|sa|वैराग्य}}) is a [[Sanskrit]] term used in [[Hindu philosophy|Hindu]] as well as [[Eastern philosophy]] that roughly translates as dispassion, detachment, or [[renunciation]], in particular renunciation from the pains and pleasures in the temporary material world. The Hindu philosophers who advocated vairāgya told their followers that it is a means to achieve [[moksha]].
[[Image:Shiva meditating Rishikesh.jpg|thumb|Shiva is manifestation of state of Vairagya]]
True vairāgya refers to an internal state of mind rather than to external lifestyle and can be practiced equally well by one engaged in family life and career as it can be by a renunciate. Vairāgya does not mean suppression of or developing repulsion for material objects. By the application of ''[[Viveka|vivek]]'' (spiritual discrimination or discernment) to life experience, the aspirant gradually develops a strong attraction for the inner spiritual source of fulfillment and happiness and limited attachments fall away naturally. Balance is maintained between the inner spiritual state and one's external life through the practice of seeing all limited entities as expressions of the one Cosmic Consciousness or [[Brahman]].
==Etymology==
''Vairāgya'' is an abstract noun derived from the word ''virāga'' (joining ''vi'' meaning "without" + ''rāga'' meaning "passion, feeling, emotion, interest"). This gives ''vairāgya'' a general meaning of "ascetic disinterest" in things that would cause attachment in most people. It is a "dis-passionate" stance on life. An ascetic who has subdued all passions and desires is called a ''vairāgika''.<ref>Apte, ''A Practical Sanskrit Dictionary'', p. 891.</ref>
Further etymological definition indicates the root ''rańj'', referring to colour: ''Vi – rańj + ghaiṋ = virága''. The state of ''virága'' is ''vaerágya''. ''Virága'' means "to go beyond colour" or "to be uncoloured". To remain completely engaged in the world yet uncoloured by the world is called ''vaerágya''.
A practitioner of vairagya is called a [https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/vairagi vairagi].
==Hinduism==
The concept of Vairāgya is found in the [[Yoga Sūtras of Patañjali|''Yoga Sūtras'' of Patañjali]], where it, along with practice ([[abhyasa|abhyāsa]]), is the key to restraint of the modifications of the [[mind]] (YS 1.12, "abhyāsa-vairāgyabhyāṁ tannirodhaḥ"). The term vairāgya appears three times in the ''[[Bhagavad Gita]]'' (6.35, 13.8, 18.52) where it is recommended as a key means for bringing control to the restless mind. It is also the main topic of [[Mokshopaya|Mokṣopāya]] or [[Yoga Vasistha|Yoga-Vāsiṣṭha]]. The mind runs to places it has been habituated to run to the past, without attachment we are freed from this point of view of a wandering mind.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bhagavad Gita: Chapter 6, Verse 35 |url=https://www.holy-bhagavad-gita.org/chapter/6/verse/35 |website=holy-bhagavad-gita |access-date=26 September 2021}}</ref> Non-attachment means dispassion towards the world.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bhagavad Gita: Chapter 13, Verse 8-12 |url=https://www.holy-bhagavad-gita.org/chapter/13/verse/8-12 |website=holy-bhagavad-gita |access-date=26 September 2021}}</ref> The supreme goal of enlightenment is one that requires self-sacrifice, its a difficult task and the state is very difficult to attain with death being the final test, this suggests detachment.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bhagavad Gita: Chapter 8, Verse 13 |url=https://www.holy-bhagavad-gita.org/chapter/8/verse/13 |website=holy-bhagavad-gita |access-date=26 September 2021}}</ref> The bodisatva is one who restrains the senses, sacrificing all the attraction and aversion, abandoning aside the sounds and sights of the sense organs that would cause attachment.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bhagavad Gita: Chapter 18, Verse 51-53 |url=https://www.holy-bhagavad-gita.org/chapter/18/verse/51-53 |website=holy-bhagavad-gita |access-date=26 September 2021}}</ref> Krishna tells Arjuna that acting with detachment means doing the right thing for its own sake, because it needs to be done, without worrying about success or failure. Krishna says to Arjuna not to give up upon doing his best because its what destiny demands of him to perform his best with his role, his destiny is his continued good performance of his role, the detachment is in not being impassioned by the feelings associated in living with continued awareness of success and failure because both are irrelevant. Treating in equal measure, happiness and distress, loss and gain, victory and success. Detachment may mean treating these agitating, distressing or perturbing dichotomies in an equal sense. Arjuna must do his duty without apprehension and loss by being without attachment to the fruits of his actions. Arjuna is told if he fights with equanimity, treating those outcomes as the same he will not accumulate bad karma. If one sacrifices their selfish motives and works merely to fulfill his or her duty towards the supreme his work and thus been alleviated of any karmic reactions.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bhagavad Gita: Chapter 2, Verse 37 |url=https://www.holy-bhagavad-gita.org/chapter/2/verse/37 |website=holy-bhagavad-gita |access-date=26 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Bhagavad Gita: Chapter 2, Verse 38 |url=https://www.holy-bhagavad-gita.org/chapter/2/verse/38 |website=holy-bhagavad-gita |access-date=26 September 2021}}</ref>
Another important text on renunciation is ''Vairāgya śataka'' or "100 verses of Renunciation", a part of the ''[[Śatakatraya]]'' collection by [[Bhartṛhari]].
==Jainism==
Vairāgya (वैराग्य, “detachment”) according to the 2nd-century [[Tattvartha Sutra|Tattvārthasūtra]] 7.12.—What is meant by detachment (vairāgya)? To develop disinterest towards the subjects of the sensual and physical pleasures is detachment.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/vairagya|title=Vairagya, Vairāgya: 7 definitions|last=www.wisdomlib.org|date=2015-01-06|website=www.wisdomlib.org|access-date=2019-09-05}}</ref>
It can also be defined as aversion leading to renunciation, or non-attachment to sensual pleasures.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://en.encyclopediaofjainism.com/index.php/Vairagya|title=Vairagya - ENCYCLOPEDIA OF JAINISM|website=en.encyclopediaofjainism.com|access-date=2019-09-05|archive-date=5 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905173924/http://en.encyclopediaofjainism.com/index.php/Vairagya|url-status=dead}}</ref>
==See also==
* [[Nekkhamma]], closely related concept in Buddhism
* [[Upekṣā]], closely related concept in Buddhism
* [[Tyāga]]
* [[Samatva]]
* [[Epoché]]
* [[Equanimity]]
==Sources==
* {{cite book |title=The Vairagya-Satakam Or The Hundred Verses On Renunciation|publisher=[[Advaita Ashrama]]|year=1916|url=https://archive.org/stream/vairagyasatakamo025367mbp/vairagyasatakamo025367mbp_djvu.txt}}
==References==
<references />
[[Category:Hindu philosophical concepts]]
[[Category:Hindu asceticism]]
[[Category:Jain philosophical concepts]]
[[Category:Moksha]]
[[Category:Jain practices]]