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{{Short description|Plastic saxophone}}
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{{Update|date=January 2023}}
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'''Vibratosax''' is the product name of [[saxophone]]s made from plastic, designed and built by the Thai company Vibrato.
A global patent<ref>
{{cite patent
| country = US
| number = 7608768
| status = patent
| title = Injection molded saxophone
| pubdate = 2009-10-27
| fdate = 2008-02-28
| pridate = 2007-02-28
| inventor = Piyapat Thanyakij
}}</ref> makes Vibrato Co., Ltd. the sole manufacturer of saxophones, whose parts are mainly created from [[Injection moulding|injection-molded]] plastic. Currently only [[Alto saxophone|Alto]] saxophones are available. [[Tenor saxophone|Tenor]] and [[Soprano saxophone|Soprano]] (curved) models have been developed and announced.
==Historical reference – the Grafton Acrylic Saxophone==
The [[Grafton saxophone]] was an Alto saxophone with a plastic body, available between 1950 and approx. 1968. The saxophone had very good musical properties, amongst others. It has been played by some of the biggest [[jazz]] musicians, such as [[Charlie Parker]]<ref name="Segell2005">{{cite book|author=Michael Segell|title=The Devil's Horn: The Story of the Saxophone, from Noisy Novelty to King of Cool|url=https://archive.org/details/devilshornstoryo00sege|url-access=registration|date=2005-10-15|publisher=Farrar, Straus and Giroux|isbn=978-1-4299-3087-1|pages=[https://archive.org/details/devilshornstoryo00sege/page/193 193] }}</ref> and [[Ornette Coleman]].<ref name="Gebhardt2001">{{cite book|author=Nicholas Gebhardt|title=Going for Jazz: Musical Practices and American Ideology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EiAvS_yl7qwC&pg=PA159|date=2001-07-15|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-28467-5|pages=158, 159}}</ref><ref name="shwoodwind.co.uk">{{cite web|url=http://www.shwoodwind.co.uk/Reviews/Saxes/Alto/Grafton_alto.htm|title=Workbench reviews: Grafton plastic alto saxophone |last=Howard |first=Stephen |access-date=2016-01-17}}</ref>
Besides its heavy weight, the saxophone's very brittle, ivory-tinted [[Acrylic glass|acrylic]] shaped using [[Permanent mold casting#Low-pressure|low-pressure molding]] proved to be another disadvantage.<ref name="shwoodwind.co.uk" /> It led to the body's tendency to become irreparably damaged easily, especially on the bow. The weight was mainly caused by the mechanics, which had been comparatively conventionally made from metal. The manufacturer had been forced to cease production after only a few years due to – in relation to the rather low sales price – high production costs and low market acceptance.
Because of the improvements made in plastic quality and manufacturing (keyword: [[Injection moulding|thermoplastic injection molding]]) over the past 50 years, the [[Bangkok]]-living entrepreneur and passionate saxophonist Piyapat Thanyakij decided in 2009 to revive the concept of a plastic-made saxophone, with its advantages over traditional metal-made saxophones – i.a. low weight, robustness (when using modern plastics), consistent and precise reproduction of the body parts – and named the new instrument series ''Vibratosax''.
==Models and series==
{| class="wikitable"
! Range
! Model/Series
! Weight
! Introduced
! Production Status
! Comment
|-
! rowspan="5" style="background:#A8A8A8; color:white; border-bottom:3px solid grey" | Alto
|                                        {{0}}A1SIII
| style="border-bottom:3px solid grey; text-align: right;" rowspan="5" | approx.<br />850 g
| style="text-align: right;"                                | July 2015{{0}}
| style="text-align: center;"                               | In production
|                                                           |
|-
|                                                           |  {{0}}A1SII
| style="text-align: right;"                                | 201?{{0}}
| style="text-align: center;"                               | Discontinued
|                                                           | To date not available for purchase.
|-
|                                                           | {{0}}A1SG
| style="text-align: right;"                                | 201?{{0}}
| style="text-align: center;"                               | Discontinued
|                                                           | 25 pcs. limited edition made from polycarbonate with glass filling for higher body density and thus reduced vibration.
|-
|                                                           | {{0}}A1S
| style="text-align: right;"                                | 201?{{0}}
| style="text-align: center;"                               | Discontinued
|                                                           |
|-
| style="border-bottom:3px solid grey"                      | {{0}}A1
| style="border-bottom:3px solid grey; text-align: right;"  | 2010{{0}}
| style="border-bottom:3px solid grey; text-align: center;" | Discontinued
| style="border-bottom:3px solid grey; text-align: right;"  |
|-
! style="background:#A8A8A8; color:white; border-bottom:3px solid grey" | Soprano
| style="border-bottom:3px solid grey" | {{0}}S1
| style="border-bottom:3px solid grey; text-align: right;"  | Unknown{{0}}
| style="border-bottom:3px solid grey; text-align: right;"  | Expected: 2017{{0}}
| style="border-bottom:3px solid grey; text-align: center;" | In preparation
| style="border-bottom:3px solid grey; text-align: right;"  |
|-
! style="background:#A8A8A8; color:white; border-bottom:3px solid grey" | Tenor
| style="border-bottom:3px solid grey" | {{0}}T1
| style="border-bottom:3px solid grey; text-align: right;"  | Unknown{{0}}
| style="border-bottom:3px solid grey; text-align: right;"  | Expected: 2017{{0}}
| style="border-bottom:3px solid grey; text-align: center;" | In preparation
| style="border-bottom:3px solid grey; text-align: right;"  |
|}
The first edition was offered in two models, which differed in the body material used, and were made distinguishable through differently colored pads. The A1 (light grey pads) was a bit cheaper and had a slightly "darker and warmer" sound than the A1S model (orange pads).
The A1 is made of [[Bayer's blend]], a blend of [[polycarbonate]] and [[ABS plastic]].<ref name="Djere">{{cite web|url=https://djere.com/node/186|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120502195058/djere.com/node/186|archive-date=2012-05-02|title=A Comparison of the Vibratosax A1 and the A1S}}</ref> The ABS gives elasticity and flexibility, while the polycarbonate provides resonance.<ref name="Djere" /> The A1S is made of solid polycarbonate.<ref name="Djere" /> This denser material gives extra resonance, and a more projected and focused sound.<ref name="Djere" />  The A1 has a darker and warmer tone when compared to the A1S.<ref name="Djere" />   The "S" in A1S stand for solid, in reference to the A1S' denser and more solid design.<ref name="A1S">{{cite web|url=http://www.vibratosax.com/products.php?id=2|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190706115008/www.vibratosax.com/products.php?id=2|archive-date=2019-07-06|title=Vibrato A1S}}</ref> The instrument is available in various colors and can even be made transparent.
== Design characteristics of the Vibrato Alto saxophone ==
Due to the consequent use of plastics (besides the body, also in the mechanics) Vibrato instruments are very light-weight. The A1 models for instance weigh approx. 850 grams,<ref name="windsorstar">[https://windsorstar.com/entertainment/story.html?id=5591314] {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref> which is roughly just a third of conventional Alto saxophones, which typically weigh more than 2 kilograms.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://forum.saxontheweb.net/archive/index.php/t-27717.html|title = Weight of altos?|website=Forum.saxontheweb.net| date=12 February 2022 }}</ref>
The saxophones are also very immune to mechanical damages and corrosion, which has been impressively demonstrated through a video, in which the Hawaiian saxophonist Reggie Padilla is playing a Vibratosax A1S while surfing, on, in and "below" the water.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4VzSelo2e4 |title=GoPro: Surf Saxophone |website =YouTube |access-date=2016-01-20 |date=2014-05-31 }} Video of saxophonist Reggie Padilla playing a Vibratosax A1S while surfing.</ref>
The body is assembled from numerous glued parts. The main body tube is divided in six sections lengthwise, the bow, [[Wind instrument#Parts|bell]] and [[Neck (music)#Saxophone|neck]] consist of two mirrored halves each. The mechanic consists of smaller plastic parts which are mounted on hexagonal aluminum rods.<ref name="Saxtastic">{{Cite web|url=http://saxtasticsaxophone.blogspot.com/2011/04/vibratosax-aka-future-of.html|title = Saxtastic Saxophone: The Vibratosax, aka the future of student/Marching saxophones|website=Saxtasticsaxophone.blogspot.com|date = 9 April 2011}}</ref> The individual keys are secured with screws onto the body. [[Coil spring]]s are used throughout. The pads are made from [[silicone]]<ref name="Saxtastic" /> and are mounted glue-free with the mechanics for easy replacement and are self-leveling. They move on a pivot to better cover the entire tone hole with less finger pressure required by the player.<ref name="Stohrer">{{cite web |url=http://mattstohrer.com/2011/01/13/the-plastic-saxophone/ |title=User, Friendly » The Plastic Saxophone |website=mattstohrer.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110207213400/http://mattstohrer.com/2011/01/13/the-plastic-saxophone/ |archive-date=2011-02-07}}</ref>
The only bigger metal part is a brass tube at the end of the neck, which accepts the mouth piece with a rubberized foam coating instead of traditional cork. The instrument can be played with any mouth piece for Alto saxophones. It also comes with an included mouth piece, which is white, like the body. The neck-body connection is sealed with an O-ring and has unusually small, bottom mounted mechanic.
==Analyses of the Vibratosax ==
===A review of a pre-production unit===
On January 12, 2011, saxophone repairman [[Matt Stohrer]] released a [[YouTube]] video where he analyzed a pre-production unit of the Vibratosax from a repair perspective. The video can be viewed [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hL7M_aFyGHI here].
In Stohrer's analysis, he came to the following conclusions:
* One potential problem with the pre-production version of the Vibratosax is an inability to adjust the relationship between certain keys to better tailor the saxophone to an individual user.<ref name="StohrMusic">{{Cite web|url=https://www.stohrermusic.com/2011/05/the-plastic-saxophone/|title=The Plastic Saxophone – Stohrer Music|website=Stohrermusic.com|access-date=8 June 2023}}</ref>
* The pre-production Vibratosax's keywork is more flexible than that of a brass saxophone. This could be problematic if the force of the player's fingers alter the relationship between keys by bending them as they are playing. This could have a negative effect on the correct sealing of the pads to the body of the saxophone.<ref name="StohrMusic" />
* The pre-production Vibratosax's body tube is assembled from many sections, and each section is reinforced with a thicker portion where the sections meet. The reduction in the tube's inner dimensions at these meeting points could cause potential intonation problems.<ref name="StohrMusic" />
Matt Stohrer has relayed his analysis to [[Piyapat Thanyakij]], the [[president (corporate title)|president]] of Vibrato Co., Ltd.<ref name="StohrMusic" /> so that his recommended improvements could be incorporated into the production version of the Vibratosax.
===Tonal qualities compared to a brass saxophone===
Tonal qualities are subjective but a direct comparison of the Vibratosax's tonal qualities to that of a brass saxophone could be made by having the same player play both instruments. The most effective comparison would be made if the performer played the same song, using the same dynamics and phrasing in both performances. On November 19, 2011, saxophonist Jim Cheek posted such a comparison in the form of a [[YouTube]] video.<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211208/IruxMK3p_jY Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20111120021710/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IruxMK3p_jY&gl=US&hl=en Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite AV media| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IruxMK3p_jY| title = Vibrato Polycarbonate Saxophone Review | website=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> In the video, Cheek first performed a song on the Vibratosax A1S alto saxophone, and then performed the same song on the [[Yanagisawa Wind Instruments|Yanagisawa]] A901 alto saxophone, a traditional brass saxophone. The video can be viewed [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IruxMK3p_jY here].
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
*{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220722051346/https://vibratosax.com/ |title=Vibrato The world's first POLYCARBONATE saxophone}}
*[http://www.sax.co.uk/acatalog/Vibrato-A1-Polycarbonate-Eb-Alto-Saxophone.html A full description of the A1]{{Dead link|date=January 2023}}
*[http://www.sax.co.uk/acatalog/Vibrato-A1S-Polycarbonate-Eb-Alto-Saxophone.html A full description of the A1S]{{Dead link|date=January 2023}}
[[Category:Saxophones]]