View source for Vigo

{{Short description|City in Galicia, Spain}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!--See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields that may be available-->
<!-- Basic info  ---------------->
| name                   = Vigo
| settlement_type        = [[Municipalities of Spain|Municipality]]
<!-- images and maps  ----------->
|image_skyline                    = {{Multiple image
| perrow = 1/2/2
| border = infobox
| total_width = 280
| caption_align = center
| image1 = Vigo panoramico.jpg
| caption1 = Panoramic view
| image2 = Pazo Quiñones de León, Castrelos edited.jpg
| caption2 = Quiñones de León museum
| image3 = ´El Sireno´ (male mermaid), sculpture by Francisco Leiro (foreground), -El Moderno- building, Rua Policarpo Sanz. Vigo, Galicia, Spain,Southwestern Europe edited.jpg
| caption3 = ''El sireno''
| image4 = Illas Cies Praia.jpg
| caption4 = [[Cíes Islands]]
| image5 = Streets of Vigo, Galicia, Spain,Southwestern Europe.jpg
| caption5 = Plaza de la Constitución
}}
| image_flag             = Vigo bandera 2.png
| image_shield           = Coat of Arms of Vigo.svg
| nickname               = ''The Olive City''
| pushpin_map = Spain Galicia # Spain
| image_map          = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=285|frame-height=180|frame-align=center|frame-coordinates={{Coord|39.5|N|3.7|W}}|zoom=4|type=point|title=Vigo|marker=city|type2=shape|stroke-width2=2|stroke-color2=#808080|text=Interactive map of Vigo.}}
|map_caption              = Location of Vigo
| coordinates            = {{coord|42.231356|-8.712447|region:ES-GA|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type                = [[Country]]
| subdivision_name                = [[Spain]]
| subdivision_type1               = [[Autonomous Community]]
| subdivision_name1               = [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]]
| subdivision_type2      = [[Provinces of Spain|Province]]
| subdivision_name2      = [[Province of Pontevedra|Pontevedra]]
| subdivision_type3  = [[Comarcas of Galicia|Comarca]]
| subdivision_name3  = [[Vigo (comarca)|Vigo]]
| established_title      =
| established_date       =
| government_type        = [[Ayuntamiento (Spain)|Ayuntamiento]]
| governing_body         = Concello de Vigo
| leader_party           = [[Socialists' Party of Galicia|PSdeG-PSOE]]
| leader_title           = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name            = [[Abel Caballero]]
| area_total_km2  = 109.1
| area_land_km2  = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox settlement for details on unit conversion-->
| area_water_km2  =
<!-- Elevation -------------------------->
| elevation_footnotes    =
| elevation_m            = 0
<!-- Population   --------309.207(municipality) -->
| population_as_of       = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_footnotes   = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
| population_total       = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_metro       = 545,892
| population_demonym     = Vigoan<br />''vigués'' (m), ''viguesa'' (f)<br />''olívico'' (m), ''olívica'' (f)
<!-- GDP  --------------->
| demographics_type2       = GDP
| demographics2_footnotes  = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/met_10r_3gdp/default/table?lang=en|title=Gross domestic product (GDP) at current market prices by metropolitan regions|last=|first=|date=|website=ec.europa.eu|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref>
| demographics2_title1     = Metro
| demographics2_info1      = €20.125 billion (2020)
<!-- General information  --------------->
| timezone1  = CET
| utc_offset1  = +1
| timezone1_DST          = CEST
| utc_offset1_DST        = +2
<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->
| postal_code_type       = Postcode
| postal_code            = 36200-36392
| area_code              = +34 986
| website                = {{URL|hoxe.vigo.org}}
| module                  =
| footnotes               =
}}
'''Vigo''' ({{IPA|gl|ˈbiɣʊ|lang}}, {{IPA|gl|ˈbiħʊ|local}}; {{IPA|es|ˈbiɣo|lang|Pronunciation_of_Vigo_in_Spanish.ogg}}) is a city and [[Municipalities in Spain|municipality]] in the province of [[province of Pontevedra|Pontevedra]], within the [[Autonomous communities of Spain|autonomous community]] of [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]], [[Spain]]. Located in the northwest of the [[Iberian Peninsula]], it sits on the southern shore of an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean, the [[Ria de Vigo]], the southernmost of the [[Rías Baixas]]. It is the capital of the [[Comarcas of Galicia|comarca]] of [[Vigo (comarca)|Vigo]].
The municipality, with an area of {{cvt|109.06|km²}} and a population of 292,374 in 2022 including rural parishes, is the most populous municipality in Galicia. The area of the municipality includes the [[Cíes Islands]], part of the [[Atlantic Islands of Galicia National Park]].
Vigo is one of the region's primary economic agents, owing to the French [[Stellantis Vigo Plant]] and to its [[Port of Vigo|port]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://corelngashive.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/CORE-LNGas-HIVE-Study-of-Demand-Consolidation-Top-Down-Bottom-Up.pdf|title=Consolidation Top down and Bottom up Analysis|page=9|access-date=2020-02-13|archive-date=2020-02-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213060552/http://corelngashive.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/CORE-LNGas-HIVE-Study-of-Demand-Consolidation-Top-Down-Bottom-Up.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Close to the [[Portugal–Spain border]], Vigo is part of the [[Galicia–North Portugal Euroregion]]. The [[European Fisheries Control Agency]] is headquartered in Vigo.
==History==
In the [[Early Middle Ages]], the small village of Vigo was part of the territory of Galician-speaking neighbouring towns, particularly [[Tui, Galicia|Tui]], and suffered several [[Vikings|Viking]] attacks. However, its number of inhabitants was so small that, historically, it was not considered a real town until around the 15th century, when the earliest records began.
[[File:Battle of Vigo bay october 23 1702.jpg|thumb|left|[[Battle of Vigo Bay]], 1702]]
In the 16th and 17th centuries, the city was attacked several times. In 1585 and 1589, during an unsuccessful attack by the English counter-Armada, [[Francis Drake]] raided the city and temporarily occupied it, burning many buildings. Several decades later a [[Turkey|Turkish]] fleet tried to attack the city. As a result, the city's walls were built in 1656 in the reign of [[Philip IV of Spain]]. They are still partially preserved.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-04-14|title=Los ataques del corsario inglés Francis Drake a Vigo y sus devastadoras consecuencias|url=https://www.vigoe.es/vigo/mas-vigo/los-ataques-del-corsario-ingles-francis-drake-a-vigo-y-sus-devastadoras-consecuencias/|access-date=2021-05-15|website=VigoÉ|language=es}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Atlántico|date=2019-11-24|title=Cinco fechas que marcaron la historia de Vigo|url=https://www.atlantico.net/articulo/vigo/cinco-fechas-que-marcaron-vigo/20191124013635740948.html|access-date=2021-05-15|website=Atlántico|language=es|archive-date=2019-11-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127224013/https://www.atlantico.net/articulo/vigo/cinco-fechas-que-marcaron-vigo/20191124013635740948.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Plano de Vigo, Francisco Coello e Pascual Madoz, 1856.jpg|thumb|right|19th century map of the city, by {{ill|Francisco Coello de Portugal y Quesada|es}}.]]
At this time, and in spite of the attacks, Vigo developed its earliest commerce and was given several privileges by the kings of Spain.
In 1702, the [[Battle of Vigo Bay]] occurred, and in 1719, because a Spanish fleet which departed from Vigo attempted to invade Scotland in support of the [[Jacobitism|Jacobites]], the city was [[Capture of Vigo|occupied for ten days by a British force]].<ref name=":1" />
In 1808, the [[French Army]] annexed Spain to the [[Napoleonic Empire]], although Vigo remained unconquered until January, 1809. Vigo was also the first city of Europe to be freed from French rule, in what is annually celebrated on March 28 as the ''Reconquista'' (reconquest from the French in the context of the [[Peninsular War]]). In 1833, the city of [[Pontevedra]] was designated the provincial capital of the [[province of Pontevedra]], within which lies Vigo.<ref name=":1" />
Vigo grew very rapidly in the 20th century, thanks to the fact that the Spanish government granted it a free trade zone in 1947 to encourage international trade and economic development in southern Galicia.
{{Wide image|Vigo_y_su_ría_(5546327816b).jpg|800px|align-cap=center|Vigo, as seen from the opposite shore of the [[ria]].}}
==Toponym==
[[File:Bandera de la ciudad de Vigo (39023915704).jpg|thumb|right|The municipal flag waving in the wind, featuring the olive tree.]]
Vigo's urban area is built on both a hill-fort (''[[Castros in Spain|Castro]]'') and a [[Roman Empire|Roman]] settlement. It is generally accepted that the name Vigo is derived from the [[Latin]] word ''[[wikt:vicus#Latin|vicus]] spacorum'', meaning "small village".
The standard pronunciation of Vigo in both [[Galician language|Galician]] and Spanish is {{IPA|es|ˈbiɣo|}}.
Vigo has been given the nickname ''cidade olívica'' (city of olives). It is said that, after the conflict between [[Isabel de Castilla]] and [[Juana la Beltraneja]] - where Galician nobility fought for the latter - the victor ordered all of Galicia's [[olive tree]]s to be cut down, as they symbolized peace. The tree in Vigo however, could not be uprooted as it was planted in [[Sacred#Sacred ground|sacred ground]]. The tree is represented in the city seal, and a descendant of it is still alive in Vigo's city centre.<ref>{{Cite web|title=¿Por qué se llama a Vigo "La ciudad Olívica"?|url=https://www.elespanol.com/treintayseis/articulos/actualidad/por-que-se-llama-a-vigo-la-ciudad-olivica|access-date=2021-05-15|website=Treintayseis|date=29 October 2020 |language=es|archive-date=2020-11-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101114846/https://www.elespanol.com/treintayseis/articulos/actualidad/por-que-se-llama-a-vigo-la-ciudad-olivica|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Geography==
=== Location ===
To the northeast, Vigo borders the municipality of [[Redondela]]; to the east, [[Mos (Spain)|Mos]]; to the south, [[O Porriño]] and [[Gondomar, Pontevedra|Gondomar]]; and to the southwest, [[Nigrán]]. On the other side of the bay are the municipalities of [[Cangas do Morrazo|Cangas]] and [[Moaña]].
===Climate===
[[File:Las Islas Cíes.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Cíes Islands]], part of the municipality of Vigo and the [[Atlantic Islands of Galicia National Park]], partially obstruct the access from the [[Ria de Vigo]] to the open seas.]]
Vigo has a transitional climate between the [[oceanic climate]] "''Cfb''" and the [[warm-summer Mediterranean climate]] "''Csb''" according to the [[Köppen climate classification]]. Although Vigo is the rainiest city in Galicia, with its noticeable drying trend in the summer, Vigo's climate is more similar to the variant of the oceanic climate commonly seen in the [[Pacific Northwest]] region of North America. The all-time record high for the city is {{convert|40.8|°C|0|abbr=on}} set on August 7, 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aemet.es/en/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos*?w=0&k=gal&l=1495&datos=det&x=1495&m=13&v=TMX |title=Extreme values. Vigo Aeropuerto|publisher=[[Agencia Estatal de Meteorología]] |access-date=29 July 2021}}</ref> Vigo is known for its extreme rainfall in winter. December 1978 saw {{convert|925.6|mm|in}} fall at the weather station in a single month.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aemet.es/en/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos*?w=0&k=gal&l=1495&datos=det&x=1495&m=12&v=PMA|title=Extreme Values for Vigo Airport|publisher=Aemet.es|access-date=22 July 2015|archive-date=2 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202190352/http://www.aemet.es/en/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos*?w=0&k=gal&l=1495&datos=det&x=1495&m=12&v=PMA|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/relevmois-555-12-1978.php|title=Décembre 1978 á Vigo|language=fr|publisher=Météo Climat|access-date=2 February 2018}}</ref> During that month on 7<small>th</small> December, {{convert|175|mm|in}} fell on a single day.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aemet.es/en/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos*?w=0&k=gal&l=1495&datos=det&x=1495&m=13&v=PMD|title=Extreme values for Vigo Airport|publisher=Aemet.es|access-date=22 July 2015|archive-date=2 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202190412/http://www.aemet.es/en/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos*?w=0&k=gal&l=1495&datos=det&x=1495&m=13&v=PMD|url-status=live}}</ref> Normal values for 1981-2010 was {{convert|1791|mm|in}} falling on just 129.2 days indicating heavy rain to be common.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aemet.es/en/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos?l=1495&k=gal|title=Standard climate values for Vigo Airport|publisher=Aemet.es|access-date=22 July 2015|archive-date=31 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731204426/http://www.aemet.es/en/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos?l=1495&k=gal|url-status=live}}</ref> The airport where values are taken is located further inland at a considerably higher elevation ({{convert|261|m|ft}}) than the city itself located on the coastline in the [[Ria de Vigo]] estuary, which is likely warmer year-round.
{{Weather box
| location = Vigo {{small|([[Vigo-Peinador Airport|Vigo Airport 261m]]) (1981-2010). Extremes (1956–2021)}}
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan record high C = 21.8
| Feb record high C = 27.6
| Mar record high C = 28.0
| Apr record high C = 29.6
| May record high C = 33.6
| Jun record high C = 38.6
| Jul record high C = 39.7
| Aug record high C = 40.8
| Sep record high C = 36.9
| Oct record high C = 30.5
| Nov record high C = 24.5
| Dec record high C = 23.2
| year record high C = 40.8
| Jan high C = 11.9
| Feb high C = 13.2
| Mar high C = 15.7
| Apr high C = 16.6
| May high C = 18.8
| Jun high C = 22.5
| Jul high C = 24.4
| Aug high C = 24.7
| Sep high C = 22.8
| Oct high C = 18.8
| Nov high C = 14.9
| Dec high C = 12.4
| year high C = 18.0
| Jan mean C = 8.6
| Feb mean C = 9.6
| Mar mean C = 11.5
| Apr mean C = 12.4
| May mean C = 14.6
| Jun mean C = 17.9
| Jul mean C = 19.6
| Aug mean C = 19.8
| Sep mean C = 18.3
| Oct mean C = 15.0
| Nov mean C = 11.5
| Dec mean C = 9.3
| year mean C = 14.0
| Jan low C = 5.4
| Feb low C = 5.8
| Mar low C = 7.3
| Apr low C = 8.2
| May low C = 10.4
| Jun low C = 13.2
| Jul low C = 14.8
| Aug low C = 15.0
| Sep low C = 13.8
| Oct low C = 11.2
| Nov low C = 8.2
| Dec low C = 6.3
| year low C = 9.9
| Jan record low C = -4.0
| Feb record low C = -5.0
| Mar record low C = -3.0
| Apr record low C = -0.2
| May record low C = 2.0
| Jun record low C = 4.6
| Jul record low C = 7.6
| Aug record low C = 7.2
| Sep record low C = 5.0
| Oct record low C = 1.0
| Nov record low C = -0.8
| Dec record low C = -3.4
| year record low C = -5.0
| Jan precipitation mm = 208
| Feb precipitation mm = 162
| Mar precipitation mm = 141
| Apr precipitation mm = 157
| May precipitation mm = 127
| Jun precipitation mm = 62
| Jul precipitation mm = 44
| Aug precipitation mm = 45
| Sep precipitation mm = 102
| Oct precipitation mm = 231
| Nov precipitation mm = 246
| Dec precipitation mm = 262
| year precipitation mm = 1791
| Jan precipitation days = 14
| Feb precipitation days = 11.7
| Mar precipitation days = 11.6
| Apr precipitation days = 13.5
| May precipitation days = 12.4
| Jun precipitation days = 6.9
| Jul precipitation days = 5
| Aug precipitation days = 4.7
| Sep precipitation days = 7.8
| Oct precipitation days = 13.1
| Nov precipitation days = 13.1
| Dec precipitation days = 15.1
| year precipitation days =
| unit precipitation days = 1&nbsp;mm
| unit snow days =
| Jan snow days  =0.1
| Feb snow days  =0.2
| Mar snow days  =0.1
| Apr snow days  =0
| May snow days  =0
| Jun snow days  =0
| Jul snow days  =0
| Aug snow days  =0
| Sep snow days  =0
| Oct snow days  =0
| Nov snow days  =0
| Dec snow days  =0.1
| year snow days =
| Jan humidity = 84
| Feb humidity = 78
| Mar humidity = 73
| Apr humidity = 73
| May humidity = 73
| Jun humidity = 71
| Jul humidity = 71
| Aug humidity = 71
| Sep humidity = 74
| Oct humidity = 81
| Nov humidity = 84
| Dec humidity = 84
| year humidity = 77
| Jan sun = 114
| Feb sun = 131
| Mar sun = 178
| Apr sun = 193
| May sun = 228
| Jun sun = 273
| Jul sun = 296
| Aug sun = 287
| Sep sun = 212
| Oct sun = 154
| Nov sun = 112
| Dec sun = 101
| year sun = 2269
| source 1 = [[Agencia Estatal de Meteorología]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos?l=1495&k=gal |title=Valores climatológicos normales. Vigo Aeropuerto |publisher=[[Agencia Estatal de Meteorología]]|access-date=2021-07-29}}</ref>
| date = July 2021
| source =
}}
{{Weather box
| location = [[Vigo-Peinador Airport|Vigo Airport]], 261 m (1991–2020), extremes (1956-)
| collapsed = yes
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| Jan record high C = 21.8
| Feb record high C = 27.6
| Mar record high C = 28.1
| Apr record high C = 29.6
| May record high C = 33.6
| Jun record high C = 38.6
| Jul record high C = 39.7
| Aug record high C = 40.8
| Sep record high C = 36.9
| Oct record high C = 32.6
| Nov record high C = 24.6
| Dec record high C = 23.2
| year record high C = 40.8
| Jan avg record high C = 14.2
| Feb avg record high C = 16.6
| Mar avg record high C = 21.7
| Apr avg record high C = 22.4
| May avg record high C = 23.5
| Jun avg record high C = 26.7
| Jul avg record high C = 30.1
| Aug avg record high C = 29.6
| Sep avg record high C = 27.6
| Oct avg record high C = 24.7
| Nov avg record high C = 18.1
| Dec avg record high C = 15.5
| year avg record high C =
| Jan high C = 12.2
| Feb high C = 13.6
| Mar high C = 16.0
| Apr high C = 17.2
| May high C = 19.8
| Jun high C = 22.7
| Jul high C = 24.9
| Aug high C = 25.2
| Sep high C = 23.3
| Oct high C = 19.4
| Nov high C = 14.9
| Dec high C = 12.6
| year high C = 18.5
| Jan mean C = 9.0
| Feb mean C = 9.7
| Mar mean C = 11.8
| Apr mean C = 13.0
| May mean C = 15.3
| Jun mean C = 18.0
| Jul mean C = 19.9
| Aug mean C = 20.2
| Sep mean C = 18.6
| Oct mean C = 15.5
| Nov mean C = 11.6
| Dec mean C = 9.6
| year mean C = 14.4
| Jan low C = 5.8
| Feb low C = 5.9
| Mar low C = 7.5
| Apr low C = 8.6
| May low C = 10.8
| Jun low C = 13.3
| Jul low C = 14.9
| Aug low C = 15.1
| Sep low C = 13.8
| Oct low C = 11.5
| Nov low C = 8.2
| Dec low C = 6.5
| year low C = 10.2
| Jan avg record low C = 2.1
| Feb avg record low C = 2.9
| Mar avg record low C = 3.3
| Apr avg record low C = 5.0
| May avg record low C = 6.9
| Jun avg record low C = 8.9
| Jul avg record low C = 11.5
| Aug avg record low C = 11.9
| Sep avg record low C = 10.9
| Oct avg record low C = 7.1
| Nov avg record low C = 3.7
| Dec avg record low C = 1.8
| year avg record low C =
| Jan record low C = -4.0
| Feb record low C = -5.0
| Mar record low C = -3.0
| Apr record low C = -0.2
| May record low C = 2.0
| Jun record low C = 4.6
| Jul record low C = 7.6
| Aug record low C = 7.2
| Sep record low C = 5.0
| Oct record low C = 1.0
| Nov record low C = -0.8
| Dec record low C = -3.4
| year record low C = -5.0
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 222.6
| Feb precipitation mm = 144.5
| Mar precipitation mm = 153.6
| Apr precipitation mm = 150.2
| May precipitation mm = 113.1
| Jun precipitation mm = 56.6
| Jul precipitation mm = 40.1
| Aug precipitation mm = 48.5
| Sep precipitation mm = 93.7
| Oct precipitation mm = 212.6
| Nov precipitation mm = 243.7
| Dec precipitation mm = 234.8
| year precipitation mm =
| unit precipitation days = 1 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 14.5
| Feb precipitation days = 11.5
| Mar precipitation days = 12.3
| Apr precipitation days = 13.0
| May precipitation days = 10.8
| Jun precipitation days = 6.7
| Jul precipitation days = 4.9
| Aug precipitation days = 5.2
| Sep precipitation days = 7.9
| Oct precipitation days = 12.7
| Nov precipitation days = 14.1
| Dec precipitation days = 14.7
| year precipitation days =
| Jan sun = 135
| Feb sun = 153
| Mar sun = 197
| Apr sun = 212
| May sun = 251
| Jun sun = 276
| Jul sun = 311
| Aug sun = 294
| Sep sun = 228
| Oct sun = 173
| Nov sun = 133
| Dec sun = 127
| year sun =
| source 1 = Météo Climat<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/listenormale-1991-2020-4-p62.php
|title=Météo climat stats Moyennes 1991/2020 Espagne (page 4)
|language=fr
|accessdate = 7 June 2022}}
</ref>
| source 2 = Infoclimat <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie/annee/1991/vigo-peinador/valeurs/08045.html|title=Climatologie de l'année à Vigo/Peinador|publisher=Infoclimat|language=fr|accessdate=19 September 2023}}</ref>
| source =
}}
==Demographics==
[[File:Rua de Cánovas del Castillo. Vigo.jpg|thumb|right|View of the city centre]]
{{Historical populations|1842|6742|1857|11412|1860|11070|1877|13168|1887|14947|1897|15926|1900|23144|1910|41500|1920|53614|1930|65983|1940|83967|1950|136291|1960|145411|1970|198815|1981|261331|1991|276109|2001|280186|2011|295623|2021|294650|source=[[National Statistics Institute (Spain)|National Statistics Institute]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Changes in the municipalities in the population census since 1842|url=https://www.ine.es/intercensal/inicio.do|publisher=[[National Institute of Statistics (Spain)|National Statistics Institute]]|language=es}}</ref>}}The municipality of Vigo had 293,642 inhabitants in 2018 (198,537 in the city) with an extended metropolitan population of 545,892 in the southern part of the [[province of Pontevedra]] making it Spain's 14th-largest metropolitan area.
In 2021 - according to the data provided by the INE on 1 January 2021 - it had a population of 545,892 inhabitants in total, of which 296,692 lived in the municipality of Vigo, which represented 54.34% of the total population of the metropolitan area.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pontevedra: Población por municipios y sexo. (2890)|url=https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Datos.htm?t=2890|access-date=2021-05-15|website=INE|language=es|archive-date=2018-08-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180805205454/http://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Datos.htm?t=2890|url-status=live}}</ref>
In 2019, 15,319 foreigners lived in the city, 5.2% of the total population. The main nationalities are [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] (12%), [[Venezuelans]] (9.2%), [[Brazilians]] (9%), [[Romanians]] (7.5%), [[Colombian people|Colombians]] (6.5%), [[Senegalese]] (4%) and [[Chinese people]] (3%).{{Citation needed|date=November 2015}}
By language, according to 2013 data, 7.68% of the population spoke exclusively in [[Galician language|Galician]], and 51.39% in Spanish; 11.38% spoke in Galician more often than Spanish, and 29.55% more often in Spanish than Galician. This made Vigo the least Galician-speaking city in Galicia.<ref>[https://www.ige.eu/web/mostrar_actividade_estatistica.jsp?idioma=gl&codigo=0206004&num_pag=12 Instituto Galego de Estatística] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807185952/https://www.ige.eu/web/mostrar_actividade_estatistica.jsp?idioma=gl&codigo=0206004&num_pag=12 |date=2018-08-07 }}.</ref>
The creation of [[Vigo metropolitan area]] was approved in 2016 and,<ref name=metrovigo /> in addition to Vigo, it originally accounted for the following 13 municipalities: [[Baiona, Pontevedra|Baiona]], [[Cangas, Pontevedra|Cangas]], [[Fornelos de Montes]], [[Gondomar, Pontevedra|Gondomar]], [[Moaña]], [[Mos, Spain|Mos]], [[Nigrán]], [[Pazos de Borbén]], [[O Porriño]], [[Redondela]], [[Salceda de Caselas]], [[Salvaterra de Miño]] and [[Soutomaior]].<ref>{{Smallcaps|Comunidad Autónoma de Galicia}}: {{Cite journal|url=https://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2012/05/09/pdfs/BOE-A-2012-6190.pdf|date=2012-04-09|title=Ley 4/2012, de 12 de abril, del Área Metropolitana de Vigo|issn=0212-033X|journal=[[Boletín Oficial del Estado]]|access-date=2020-02-13|archive-date=2012-11-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121116022723/http://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2012/05/09/pdfs/BOE-A-2012-6190.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> It has been however suspended since its creation.<ref name=metrovigo>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lavozdegalicia.es/noticia/vigo/vigo/2018/10/15/tribunal-superior-suspende-area-metropolitana-vigo-incertidumbre-legal-genera/00031539618501013536225.htm|title=El Área Metropolitana de Vigo seguirá suspendida para evitar perjuicios a los ciudadanos|date=16 October 2018|first=E.V.|last=Pita|website=[[La Voz de Galicia]]|access-date=13 February 2020|archive-date=5 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191105124702/https://www.lavozdegalicia.es/noticia/vigo/vigo/2018/10/15/tribunal-superior-suspende-area-metropolitana-vigo-incertidumbre-legal-genera/00031539618501013536225.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[European Union]]'s [[Directorate-General for Regional and Urban Policy]] assigns Vigo a wider functional urban area (FUA), with 21 municipalities and a population of 541,000 inhabitants.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lavozdegalicia.es/noticia/vigo/vigo/2018/06/18/ue-dibuja-area-funcional-vigo-541000-habitantes/0003_201806V18C1992.htm|website=[[La Voz de Galicia]]|title=La UE dibuja un área funcional de Vigo con 541.000 habitantes|first=Carlos|last=Punzón|date=18 June 2018|access-date=13 February 2020|archive-date=28 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928212805/https://www.lavozdegalicia.es/noticia/vigo/vigo/2018/06/18/ue-dibuja-area-funcional-vigo-541000-habitantes/0003_201806V18C1992.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Government and administration ==
[[File:Vigo - Concello (Ayuntamiento) 1.JPG|thumb|right|City Hall]]
Vigo is a [[Municipalities of Spain|municipality]], the basic level of local government in Spain. The [[Ayuntamiento (Spain)|Ayuntamiento]] (''concello'' in Galician) is the body charged with the municipal government and administration. The Plenary of the ''concello'' is formed by 27 elected municipal councillors, who in turn invest the [[Alcalde|mayor]].
The last municipal election took place on 26 May 2019, leading to a plenary formed by 20 councillors from the [[Socialists' Party of Galicia|Socialists' Party of Galicia–PSOE]], 4 from the [[People's Party (Spain)|People's Party]], 2 from the [[Marea de Vigo]] and 1 from the [[Galician Nationalist Bloc]].<ref>{{Smallcaps|Junta Electoral Central}}: {{Cite journal|title=Resolución de 10 de septiembre de 2019, de la Presidencia de la Junta Electoral Central, por la que se procede a la publicación del resumen de los resultados de las elecciones locales convocadas por Real Decreto 209/2019, de 1 de abril, y celebradas el 26 de mayo de 2019, según los datos que figuran en las actas de proclamación remitidas por cada una de las Juntas Electorales de Zona. Provincias: Navarra, Ourense, Palencia, Las Palmas, Pontevedra y La Rioja|journal=[[Boletín Oficial del Estado]]|page=101665|url=https://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2019/09/17/pdfs/BOE-A-2019-13263.pdf|issn=0212-033X|access-date=2020-02-13|archive-date=2020-02-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213060551/https://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2019/09/17/pdfs/BOE-A-2019-13263.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> The current mayor is [[Abel Caballero]] ([[Spanish Socialist Workers Party]]), who has won four mandates in a row since becoming mayor in 2007.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lavozdegalicia.es/noticia/vigo/2019/06/15/caballero-declara-abierta-era-mayoria-absolutisima/0003_201906201906151560601763003.htm|website=[[La Voz de Galicia]]|date=15 June 2019|title=Caballero declara abierta la era de su "mayoría absolutísima"|first1=Ángel|last1=Paniagua|first2=Carlos|last2=Punzón|access-date=13 February 2020|archive-date=18 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190818214502/https://www.lavozdegalicia.es/noticia/vigo/2019/06/15/caballero-declara-abierta-era-mayoria-absolutisima/0003_201906201906151560601763003.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
===Parishes===
Vigo is administratively divided into 23 ''[[Parroquia (Spain)|parroquia]]s'' ("parishes").
[[File:Vigo parroquias.PNG|450px|right]]
# [[Alcabre, Vigo|Alcabre]]: Ameixeira, Barreiro, Carregal, Castañal, Cristo, Forte, Gándara, Igrexa, Pardaíña, Roade, Sobreira, Viñagrande
# [[Beade, Vigo|Beade]]: Babio, Balde, Carballo do Pazo, Coutada, Gándara, Porto, A Pena, Quintián, O Seixo, A Venda, Sáa
# [[Bembrive, Vigo|Bembrive]]: Baruxans, Carballal, Chans, Xestoso, Mosteiro, Outeiro, San Cibrán, Segade, Areeiro, Eifonso, Mouteira, Recaré, Xesteira
# [[Bouzas, Vigo|Bouzas]]
# [[Cabral, Vigo|Cabral]]: Becerreira, Carballal, Sello, Figueiras
# [[Candeán, Vigo|Candeán]]: Igrexa, Candeán de Arriba, Rabadeira, Fonte Oscura
# [[Castrelos, Vigo|Castrelos]]: Alvite, Castreliños, Costa, Chantada, Espedrigada o Pereiró, A Pousa, Falcoa, Macal, Pazó, Portoloureiro, Viloura
# [[Coia, Vigo|Coia]]
# [[Comesaña, Vigo|Comesaña]]: Casas, Cocheiros, Comesaña, Eidos, Igrexa, Muíños, Pazo, Pedra Branca, Pedreira, Pereiras, Ponte, Romeu, Rodeira, Sanin, Tombo, Viña da Veiga
# [[Coruxo, Vigo|Coruxo]]: Roteas, Río, Molans, Cean, Fontela, Breadouro, Silveira, Combro, Calzada, Cotarelo, Romeu, Verdeal, Melcas, Taberna, Burdes, Abade, Igrexa, Quintas, Carballal, Rozo, Coto de Arriba, Coto de Abaixo, Carrasqueira, Muiños, Gándara, Longra, Luz, Bouzas, Tarrío, Gato, San Lourenzo, Torre de Abaixo, Torre de Arriba, Laxes, Viño, Pedreira, Parrocha, Fragoselo, Tintureira
# [[Freixeiro, Vigo|Freixeiro]]: Mantelas, A Salgueira, Riobó
# [[Lavadores, Vigo|Lavadores]]: Arriero, A Bagunda, Barreiro, Cambeses, A Ceboleira, O Couto, Gandariña, Gandarón, Naia, Pardavila, Riomaio, San Paio de Abaixo, San Paio, Igrexa
# [[Matamá, Vigo|Matamá]]: Balsa, Balvis, Barxa, Beirán, Campos, Carapuxa, Carneiras, Dehesa, Castro, Igrexa, Lagarella, Moo, Outeiro, Parada, Pazos, Pereiro, Revolta, Rivas, Ribelas, Roupeiro, San Amaro, Vilar
# [[Navia, Vigo|Navia]]: Devesa, Gándara, Goberna, Pereiras, Quintela, Redondo, Samil, Tomada, Torre, Xuncal
# [[Oia, Vigo|Oia]]: Bouzo, Cabo Estai, Canido Praia, Carretera Cortada, Cerqueiro, Cruceiro, Curras, Eiras, Estea, Esteriz, Estomada, Figueiras, Gontade, Grades, Hermida, Igrexa, Loureiro, Estación, Lantexa, Lavandeira, Liñares, A Maris, Matoca, Mide, Oia, Outeiro, Poza, Rochas, Rozo, Senra de Arriba, Senra de Abaixo, Silval, Toxal, Toucido, Verdella, Xistro
# [[Saiáns, Vigo|Saiáns]]: Carballido, Cal do Outeiro, Garcias, Aral, Fontán, Gándara, Cova da Becha, Curbeira, Horta, Orxas, Castañal, Borreiros, Portiño, Tomada, San Xurxo, Capela, Misarelas, Estea, Pinal, Budiases, Souto, Cova da Barxa, Domeira, Cachoa, Dovesa, Fortiñon, Gondufe, Volta, Vilaverde
# [[San Paio, Vigo|San Paio]]
# [[San Xoán do Monte, Vigo|San Xoán do Monte]]
# [[Sárdoma, Vigo|Sárdoma]]
# [[Teis, Vigo|Teis]]: Cacharela, Mouta, Ferreira, Paradela, Fervenza, Ríos, Travesán, Presa, Chumba, Igrexa, Trapa, Arnel, Praixal, Rorís, Balbarda, A Guía, Oliveira, Espiñeiro, Frian, Santa Tegra, Bellavista, Calzada, Coutadas, Os Caños, Tovel, A Rabuda, Guixar, Barrio das Frores, Montecelo
# [[Valadares, Vigo|Valadares]]
# Vigo centro
# [[Zamáns, Vigo|Zamáns]]: Casal de Abade, Cidáns, A Igrexa (San Mamede), As Lagoas, Marcosende, A Menda, Paredes, Vilariño, Vilaverde, Erville.
==Main sights==
[[File:Teatro García Barbón.jpg|thumb|right|Teatro García Barbón.]]
Vigo is home to the [[Co-Cathedral of Santa María, Vigo|Co-Cathedral of Santa María]] and several museums, most of which were inaugurated between the late 1990s and early 2000s. Among them are the Museum of Contemporary Art (MARCO) and the Museum of the Sea. The oldest museum is the Quiñones de León Municipal Museum.
[[File:Vigo praia de samil.jpg|thumb|right|Samil Beach and Toralla island]]
* Casco Vello (historic centre)
* Porta do Sol, Policarpo Sanz and Alameda area (modern centre)
* Príncipe and Urzaiz Streets (commercial area)
* Celtic Castro ruins
* [[Castro fortress]]
* Collegiate church of Santa Maria de Vigo
===Museums===
* Naturnova Museum: Museum dedicated to the environment. Interactive contents.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Naturnova Afundación - Centro Interactivo de Educación Ambiental (Vigo)|url=https://naturnova.afundacion.org/portal/es/|access-date=2021-05-15|website=Naturnova Afundación|language=es-ES|archive-date=2021-01-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119171951/https://naturnova.afundacion.org/portal/es/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Museum of the Sea: Museum dedicated to the Sea, and to tinned food and to naval. Important building designed by famous architects [[Aldo Rossi]] and [[Cesar Portela]].
* [[Museum of Contemporary Art, Vigo]]: One of the most important museums of Contemporary Art in Spain.
* Museum of Castrelos.
* Verbum, Casa das Palabras. A museum dedicated to languages and communication. Important building designed by famous architect Cesar Portela.
*Pinacoteca de Vigo<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pinacoteca Francisco Fernández del Riego. Museo de Vigo "Quiñones de León".|url=https://www.museodevigo.org/pinacoteca_es.php|access-date=2021-05-15|website=www.museodevigo.org|archive-date=2021-02-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226001810/https://www.museodevigo.org/pinacoteca_es.php|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Galician Center of Photography
* Ethnographic Museum Liste
* Pedro Barrié de la Maza Foundation<ref>{{Cite web|title=Barrie Foundation|url=https://fundacionbarrie.org/founder-pedro|access-date=2021-05-15|website=fundacionbarrie.org|archive-date=2020-09-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925155443/https://fundacionbarrie.org/founder-pedro|url-status=live}}</ref>
===Romanesque architecture of Vigo===
[[File:Santa María de Castrelos, Vigo.JPG|thumb|right|Façade of Church of Santa María de Castrelos in the parish of Castrelos.]]
The municipality of Vigo is one of the most important Roman centers of [[Pontevedra]]. Although within the city one will not find much Romanesque architecture, it can be seen a few kilometers away from the city center. In many of the municipality's neighborhoods and parishes a large number of Roman ruins remain. Such is the importance of the Roman remains in Vigo that many Spanish authors have come to coin the term ''Romanesque Vigo'' (''románico vigués'' in Spanish). Vigo retains some interesting examples of Romanesque churches in southern Galicia:<ref>{{cite web|title=Igrexas Romanicas en Vigo|url=http://sapiens.ya.com/rojea/romanico.htm|access-date=2 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080731223031/http://sapiens.ya.com/rojea/romanico.htm|archive-date=31 July 2008|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* Santa María de Castrelos
* Santiago de Bembrive
* San Salvador de Coruxo
===Beaches===
Throughout the municipality of Vigo there are 47 coves and beaches, including sandy areas with waves for water sports, wild coves, family beaches, nudist beaches and urban beaches.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Las playas de Vigo, entre las 10 mejores de España según GoEuro|url=https://www.elcorreogallego.es/hemeroteca/playas-vigo-10-mejores-espana-segun-goeuro-HMCG1065266|access-date=2021-05-15|website=www.elcorreogallego.es|language=es-ES|archive-date=2021-05-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515085859/https://www.elcorreogallego.es/hemeroteca/playas-vigo-10-mejores-espana-segun-goeuro-HMCG1065266|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Región|first=La|date=2017-07-11|title=Las cinco playas nudistas oficiales de la Ría de Vigo|url=https://www.laregion.es/articulo/verano/playas-nudistas-oficiales-ria-vigo/20170711130439722872.html|access-date=2021-05-15|website=La Región|language=es|archive-date=2019-04-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424100240/https://www.laregion.es/articulo/verano/playas-nudistas-oficiales-ria-vigo/20170711130439722872.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Some of these coves and beaches have various facilities or services for their users, such as sports areas, showers, footbaths, public address system, promenade, Red Cross lifeguard and rescue post, areas adapted for people with disabilities, etc.
In June 2020, the Association for Environmental and Consumer Education (ADEAC) awarded the [[Blue Flag beach|blue flag]] distinction to the following 10 beaches in Vigo: Argazada, Canido, Carril, Fontaíña, Muíños de Fortiñón, Punta, Rodas, [[Samil Beach|Samil]], Tombo do Gato and Vao.<ref>{{Cite web|last=C.P|date=2020-06-09|title=Vigo revalida la bandera azul en diez playas|url=https://www.farodevigo.es/gran-vigo/2020/06/09/vigo-revalida-bandera-azul-diez-15173231.html|access-date=2021-05-15|website=Faro de Vigo|language=es|archive-date=2021-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228010613/https://www.farodevigo.es/gran-vigo/2020/06/09/vigo-revalida-bandera-azul-diez-15173231.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Transport==
[[File:Aeropuertovgo.JPG|thumb|right|The Vigo domestic airport]]
;Airport
{{Main|Vigo-Peinador Airport}}
Vigo is served by Vigo-Peinador Airport (VGO/LEVX). Located 12 kilometres to the east of the city of Vigo, straddling halfway the municipalities of Vigo, [[Redondela]] and [[Mos, Spain|Mos]], it offers domestic and international destinations.
;Port
A ferry service operates between the Port of Vigo and the towns of Cangas and Moaña as well as the [[Cíes Islands]], 15 kilometres away from the city, part of the [[Atlantic Islands of Galicia National Park]], the only National Park in Galicia, which includes [[Ons Island]] in the [[Ria de Pontevedra|Pontevedra Bay]].
It additionally provides temporary docking for passing cruise ships.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vigo Spain Cruise Port |url=https://www.whatsinport.com/Vigo.htm |access-date=2024-06-18 |website=www.whatsinport.com}}</ref>
;Rail transport
The [[Vigo-Urzáiz railway station|Urzáiz]] and [[Vigo-Guixar railway station|Guixar]] railway stations serve Vigo, allowing direct connections to the rest of Galicia as well as to [[Porto]] across the border in Portugal.
;Road
[[European route E01]] goes through the town. This highway goes south through [[Lisbon]] and north to the [[A Coruña]] area.
The A-52 road goes inland, east to [[Ourense]] and [[Madrid]] from [[O Porriño]]. A branch of the AP-9 Motorway connects Vigo to Portugal in the south and with [[Pontevedra]], [[Santiago de Compostela]], [[A Coruña]] and [[Ferrol, Galicia|Ferrol]] in the north.
;Public transport
Urban transport is provided by buses by Vitrasa Transportation.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-09-27|title=Public transportation|url=https://www.turismodevigo.org/en/public-transportation|access-date=2021-05-15|website=Turismo de Vigo|language=en|archive-date=2021-02-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225184333/https://www.turismodevigo.org/en/public-transportation|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Economy==
{{Multiple image
| direction = vertical
| image1 = Poxa de marraxo (Isurus oxyrinchus) no porto pesqueiro de Vigo.jpg
| caption1 = [[Shortfin mako shark|Bonito shark]] in the fishing port
| image2 = Coches citroen (2246492568).jpg
| caption2 = Brand new Citroën panel vans in the port
}}
Vigo is characterized by a diversified economy linked to the fishing sector, industry, trade, tourism and services. It is often considered with [[A Coruña]] one of the economic and industrial engines of Galicia.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2014-01-11|title=La pesca genera en Vigo un negocio de 1.000 millones al año|url=https://www.lavozdegalicia.es/noticia/economia/2014/01/11/pesca-genera-vigo-negocio-1000-millones-ano/0003_201401G11P41991.htm|access-date=2021-05-15|website=La Voz de Galicia|language=es|archive-date=2020-09-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919163710/https://www.lavozdegalicia.es/noticia/economia/2014/01/11/pesca-genera-vigo-negocio-1000-millones-ano/0003_201401G11P41991.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Fishing sector ===
Vigo is the home port of many of the world's largest fishing companies, such as [[Pescanova]] and [[Iberconsa]] and the most important centre of the Galician canned and processed fish industries.
The fishing sector in Vigo generates more than 32,000 direct and indirect jobs and a turnover of more than 1 billion euros per year. More than 660 fishing vessels are registered in the port of Vigo, making it one of the main ports for the marketing of fresh fish for human consumption in the world, with around 800,000 tonnes per year.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-02-12|title=Vigo bate su récord histórico de pesca|url=https://www.vigoe.es/vigo/maritima/vigo-bate-su-record-historico-de-trafico-de-pesca-con-865-000-toneladas/|access-date=2021-05-15|website=VigoÉ|language=es|archive-date=2021-01-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122042713/https://www.vigoe.es/vigo/maritima/vigo-bate-su-record-historico-de-trafico-de-pesca-con-865-000-toneladas/|url-status=live}}</ref>
Vigo regularly hosts congresses and trade fairs related to industrial fishing, such as the World Tuna Conference (biannually), Conxemar (annually), or the World Fishing Exhibition (which was held periodically from 1973 to 2009).
Vigo is home of the [[European Fisheries Control Agency]].
=== Industry ===
Vigo is one of the leading industrial areas in Galicia, with a car factory, shipyards, and auxiliary industry in both automotive and marine sectors. Situated in Vigo since 1958, the [[Stellantis Vigo Plant|Stellantis Plant]] is one of the largest employers in the region. In 2007, it produced a total of 545,000 vehicles, of which more than 82% were sold outside Spain.{{Citation needed|date=July 2021}} Biotech<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.farodevigo.es/gran-vigo/2022/03/08/biotecnologica-lonza-refuerza-poderio-100-63549999.html | title=La biotecnológica Lonza refuerza su poderío con más de 100.000 metros en la Plisan | date=8 March 2022 }}</ref> and other advanced industries play an important role on Vigo's economy.
The publishing industry in Galician is prominent in the city, with Editorial Galaxia and Editorial Xerais.
=== Port of Vigo ===
The [[Port of Vigo]] covers a length of more than 20&nbsp;km and offers more than 9&nbsp;km of docks. The largest port traffic is general freight, highlighting [[Intermodal container|container]] traffic, [[Ro-Ro|RO-RO]] of [[vehicle]]s (the second in Spain in Ro-Ro traffic for new vehicles), natural [[stone]] and [[granite]] (the first of Spain in [[granite]] traffic), [[wood]] and preserved [[food]].
==Education==
The main campus of the [[University of Vigo]] is located on top of one of the mountains that surrounds the town, in the parish of [[Zamáns]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.atlantico.net/articulo/vigo/vigo-tiene-pagar-462-000-eur-zamans-construir-cuvi/20150408090916469438.html|website=Atlantico|title=Vigo tiene que pagar 462.000 € a Zamáns por construir el Cuvi|date=8 April 2015|access-date=13 February 2020|archive-date=13 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213080311/https://www.atlantico.net/articulo/vigo/vigo-tiene-pagar-462-000-eur-zamans-construir-cuvi/20150408090916469438.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The local transportation service [[Vitrasa]] enables shuttles in order to communicate the campus with the town. The majority of the students of the university come from Vigo itself and from other towns and villages in Galicia and can choose from a wide range of studies, with a focus on ocean studies and engineering.
The University of Vigo was founded in 1990 as split from the [[University of Santiago de Compostela]] and has two additional campuses located in [[Pontevedra Campus|Pontevedra]] and [[Ourense]]. The Zamáns Campus features several buildings that constitute excellent examples of modern architecture that blends in with the shape of the mountain in which it is located. These buildings were projected by the likes of [[Enric Miralles]], Alfonso Penelas, Pilar Díez y Alberto Noguerol César Portela, Gabriel Santos Zas and César Padrón.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lavozdegalicia.es/noticia/vigo/vigo/2015/08/18/paseo-mejor-arquitectura-contemporanea/0003_201508V18C7991.htm|website=[[La Voz de Galicia]]|date=18 August 2015|title=Un paseo por la mejor arquitectura contemporánea|first=Jorge|last=Lamas|access-date=13 February 2020|archive-date=30 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190430222843/https://www.lavozdegalicia.es/noticia/vigo/vigo/2015/08/18/paseo-mejor-arquitectura-contemporanea/0003_201508V18C7991.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://elpais.com/diario/2003/12/11/cultura/1071097211_850215.html|website=[[El País]]|date=11 December 2003|title=La ciudad universitaria de Vigo incorpora el "paisaje construido" de Enric Miralles|first=José Luis|last=Estévez|access-date=13 February 2020|archive-date=13 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213080313/https://elpais.com/diario/2003/12/11/cultura/1071097211_850215.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Culture ==
===Language===
Vigo, as a Galician city, has two official languages: [[Galician language|Galician]] and [[Spanish language|Spanish]], the latter being the most used nowadays.
===Music===
''[[Movida viguesa|A movida viguesa]]'' was a hedonistic cultural movement akin to the ''[[Movida madrileña]]'' that took place in Vigo during the 1980s triggered by the explosion of liberties after the death of dictator [[Francisco Franco]]. The most important artists of this postmodern movement were musicians; particularly punk and new wave bands such as ''[[Siniestro Total]]'', ''[[Golpes Bajos]]'', ''[[Aerolíneas Federales]]'', ''Semen Up'' or ''[[Os Resentidos]]''.
At the moment, the city still has notorious bands like [[Iván Ferreiro]] (ex-singer of [[Los Piratas (band)|Los Piratas]]) and Mon.
===Media and entertainment===
[[File:Faro de Vigo, 1853, 3 de noviembre.jpg|thumb|Frontpage of an 1853 issue of the ''[[Faro de Vigo]]''.]]
Vigo has two daily newspapers; the ''[[Faro de Vigo]]'', the oldest newspaper in Spain still in circulation, and the ''[[Atlántico Diario]]'', a little local newspaper. There also exist a local edition of the Galician main headline newspaper "[[La Voz de Galicia]]". Vigo was also the main location of historic newspaper such as the weekly newspaper "[[A Nosa Terra]]", which was published in [[Galician language|Galician]] and is now defunct.
Vigo also has a TV local station: "Televigo". Although not very popular, it is known thanks to the town mayor, [[Abel Caballero]], who has a show in which he answers to questions and inquiries submitted by the citizens.
Radio coverage includes [[Radio Nacional de España|RNE]] —the Spanish public radio network—, [[Radio Galega]] —a Galician government-supported radio in Galician language—, and some private-owned stations ("Radio Vigo - Cadena Ser", "Radio Voz Vigo", "Radio ECCA", and so on).
Around the 2000s, several online news websites emerged (for example, "riadevigo.com") besides of the traditional media homepages. Vigo also participated in the Europeanwide free newspapers rush led by "[[Metro International|Metro]]" and some free journals were published in the 1990s and 2000s: "[[20 minutos]]", "Gaceta Universitaria", "Redacción Xove", etcetera. "España Exterior" is also printed in Vigo.
The locally produced award-winning feature movie ''[[Mondays In The Sun]]'' (original title ''Los lunes al sol'') depicts the life of several men who have lost their work at the [[Port of Vigo]]. This film is not based on a single individual's experiences but on the perceived collective experiences of many local port workers.
===Sports===
[[File:Daniel Wass - RC Celta de Vigo - WMES 01.jpg|thumb|right|[[Celta de Vigo]] players during a fixture versus Espanyol]]
Vigo has one of the most important women's basketball team in Spain, [[Celta Indepo|Celta]], more commonly referred to today by its sponsorship name of Celta Indepo. They usually compete in the top league of women's basketball, having won the championship three times. For the season 2012–2013, and following a number of economic problems, the team will play in the Spanish women basketball second division.
Vigo has a football team, [[Celta de Vigo|Real Club Celta de Vigo]], which as of [[2023–24 La Liga|2023–24]], plays in [[La Liga]]. The women's team from the area, [[FVPR El Olivo|Federación Viguesa de Peñas Recreativas El Olivo]], was the first team from Galicia to compete in the [[Primera División (women)|Women's Primera División]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=auto&tl=en&js=n&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&layout=2&eotf=1&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lavozdegalicia.es%2Fvigo%2F2011%2F12%2F08%2F0003_201112V8C10991.htm&act=url|title=Quiero que sepan que hay futuro en el fútbol femenino|publisher=lavozdegalicia.es. Retrieved 2011-12-09|access-date=2016-11-13|archive-date=2017-03-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324044327/https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=auto&tl=en&js=n&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&layout=2&eotf=1&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lavozdegalicia.es%2Fvigo%2F2011%2F12%2F08%2F0003_201112V8C10991.htm&act=url|url-status=live}}</ref>
The ''[[Rías Baixas]]'' offer an excellent environment for nautical sports. Institutions such as the ''Real Club Nautico de Vigo'' (RCNV), founded in 1906, and the Liceo Marítimo de Bouzas (LMB), founded in 1907, are good examples of promotion of the nautical sports, especially sailing.
[[File:Regata en la Ria de Vigo (1827331441).jpg|thumb|right|Regatta in the [[Ria de Vigo]].]]
The RCNV organises important events like Atlantic Week, which in September 2006 included the World Championship of the Platu 25 class. Every August, the RCNV also organises one of the largest sailboat races in the Iberian peninsula: the ''Regata Rías Baixas''. In 2006 more than 130 different boats participated.
The Liceo Maritimo de Bouzas (LMB) is a yacht club which counts around 400 associates. The LMB has a long and intense history of sailing and recreational fishing.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Historia del Club - Liceo Maritimo de Bouzas|date=14 October 2019 |url=http://liceobouzas.com/el-club/historia-del-club/|access-date=2021-05-16|language=es}}</ref> The LMB organizes two important regattas in the Galician sailing calendar: the ''Regata Vila de Bouzas'' and a ''Regata de Solitarios y a Dos''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Liceo Maritimo de Bouzas - Liceo Maritimo de Bouzas|url=http://liceobouzas.com/|access-date=2021-05-16|language=es}}</ref>
The ''Regata Vila de Bouzas'' honours the neighbourhood where the LMB is located. The ''Regata de Solitarios y a Dos'' is for crews of one and two members. It is a difficult race with two stages; the first consists of a race through the coastal bay of Vigo while the second stage is a longer race around the [[Cies Islands]] (and/or Ons Islands).
==Notable people==
* [[Amparo Alonso Betanzos]], Spanish computer scientist
* [[Dores André]], ballet dancer
*[[José María de Azcárate]], art historian, author, researcher, curator, and professor, specializing in [[Middle Ages|medieval]] Castilian art and [[Renaissance]] sculpture.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.museodelprado.es/aprende/enciclopedia/voz/azcarate-y-ristori-jose-maria/6cfe9a91-151a-433a-920c-8e9e6c6b549d|title=Azcárate y Ristori, José María|website=Museo Nacional del Prado|language=es|access-date=2018-11-26|archive-date=2018-11-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127022558/https://www.museodelprado.es/aprende/enciclopedia/voz/azcarate-y-ristori-jose-maria/6cfe9a91-151a-433a-920c-8e9e6c6b549d|url-status=live}}</ref> Born in Vigo.<ref name=":0" />
*[[Antonio M. Pérez]], CEO of [[Eastman Kodak]]
* [[Carlos Núñez Muñoz|Carlos Núñez]], musician
* [[Casto Méndez Núñez|Méndez Núñez]], military officer
* [[Concepcion Picciotto]], peace activist
* [[Francisco Marcó del Pont]], last governor of Chile under Spanish rule
* [[Iago Falque]], footballer
* [[Iván Ferreiro]], singer-songwriter
* [[Rosario Hernández Diéguez]], newspaper hawker and trade unionist
* [[Manuel Manquiña]], actor
* [[Martín Codax]], poet
* [[Domingo Villar]], author
* [[Ramón Souto]], composer
* [[Ricardo Mella]], anarchist activist
* [[Ignacio Ramonet|Ignacio Ramonet Miguez]], journalist and activist, editor-in-chief of ''[[Le Monde Diplomatique]]'' (1991-2008)
* [[Roberto Losada Rodríguez]], footballer
* [[Serafín Avendaño]], painter
*[[Manuel Porzner]], cyclist
*[[Manuela Velasco]], actress
*[[Fernando Malvar-Ruiz]], choral conductor, clinician, and educator
==In popular culture==
*Vigo Bay is one of the settings for [[Jules Verne]]'s 1870 novel ''[[Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas]]''. The book's protagonist, [[Captain Nemo]], draws his wealth and the funding for his submarine ''Nautilus'' from the cargoes of the galleons sunk by the British during the [[Battle of Vigo Bay]] in 1702. They are depicted as still having their treasure and as being easily accessible to divers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jv.gilead.org.il/fpwalter/2/08.html|title=''Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas''|last=Verne|first=Jules|date=1871|publisher=J. Hetzel et Cie.|access-date=2014-02-22|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304112907/http://jv.gilead.org.il/fpwalter/2/08.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*In the novel and the movie ''[[Das Boot]]'', set during World War II, the German submarine ''U-96'' stops in Vigo under cover of darkness to resupply (in secret, as Spain is neutral) from a German cargo ship stationed there for this purpose.
==International relations==
===Twin towns – sister cities===
Vigo is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Vigo y el museo Julio Verne|url=https://www.vigoe.es/viajes/internacional/vigo-y-el-museo-julio-verne/|website=vigoe.es|publisher=Vigo E|language=es|date=2018-02-14|access-date=2023-01-15}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|ARG}} [[Buenos Aires]], Argentina (1992)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.buenosaires.gob.ar/sites/gcaba/files/h._ciudad_de_vigo.pdf|title=Decreto nº 1066. Declarase a la ciudad de Vigo del Reino de España "Ciudad Hermana de Buenos Aires".|access-date=2020-02-13|archive-date=2017-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170307045730/http://www.buenosaires.gob.ar/sites/gcaba/files/h._ciudad_de_vigo.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|VEN}} [[Caracas]], Venezuela
*{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Celaya]], Mexico
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Lorient]], France (1983)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lavozdegalicia.es/noticia/vigo/vigo/2016/02/19/vigo-lorient-hermanan/0003_201602V19C11998.htm|website=[[La Voz de Galicia]]|date=19 February 2016|title=Vigo y Lorient se hermanan|access-date=13 February 2020|archive-date=19 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210219210050/https://www.lavozdegalicia.es/noticia/vigo/vigo/2016/02/19/vigo-lorient-hermanan/0003_201602V19C11998.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Nantes]], France
*{{flagicon|GRL}} [[Narsaq]], Greenland (1984)<ref name=narsaq>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lavozdegalicia.es/noticia/vigo/2013/03/24/hermanos-esquimales/0003_201303V24C6991.htm|website=[[La Voz de Galicia]]|title=Nuestros hermanos esquimales|date=24 March 2013|first=Eduardo|last=Rolland|access-date=13 February 2020|archive-date=6 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181006194813/https://www.lavozdegalicia.es/noticia/vigo/2013/03/24/hermanos-esquimales/0003_201303V24C6991.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Las Palmas|Las Palmas de Gran Canaria]], Spain<ref>{{cite news|last=Mariño|first=A.|date=June 2, 2010|title=Sorpresa en Las Palmas por el hermanamiento con Vigo|work=Atlántico Diario|url=https://www.atlantico.net/articulo/vigo/sorpresa-palmas-hermanamiento-vigo/20100603080158088268.html|access-date=May 20, 2020|archive-date=September 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921025256/https://www.atlantico.net/articulo/vigo/sorpresa-palmas-hermanamiento-vigo/20100603080158088268.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|POR}} [[Porto]], Portugal (1986)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cm-porto.pt/document/449218/481584.pdf |title=International Relations of the City of Porto |publisher= 2006-2009 Municipal Directorate of the Presidency Services International Relations Office |access-date=2009-07-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100215200138/http://www.cm-porto.pt/document/449218/481584.pdf|archive-date=2010-02-15 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.atlantico.net/articulo/vigo/vigo-y-oporto-cumplen-30-anhos-hermanamiento/20161024090342555138.html|website=Atlantico|date=24 October 2016|title=Vigo y Oporto cumplen 30 años de hermanamiento|first=José Teo de|last=Andrés|access-date=13 February 2020|archive-date=13 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213060553/https://www.atlantico.net/articulo/vigo/vigo-y-oporto-cumplen-30-anhos-hermanamiento/20161024090342555138.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Qingdao]], China
*{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Durango City|Victoria de Durango]], Mexico<ref>{{cite news|date=September 26, 2014|title=Políticos y empresarios de Vigo viajarán a Celaya en noviembre|url=https://www.atlantico.net/articulo/vigo/politicos-y-empresarios-vigo-viajaran-celaya-noviembre/20140926084127437803.html|access-date=May 20, 2020|archive-date=April 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417144346/https://www.atlantico.net/articulo/vigo/politicos-y-empresarios-vigo-viajaran-celaya-noviembre/20140926084127437803.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
==See also==
* [[Garcia Barbon Theatre]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{Commons|Vigo}}
{{wikivoyage|Vigo}}
*{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Vigo |volume=28 |page=62 |short=x}}
* [http://www.vigo.org/ Official city site]
* [http://www.spain.info/en/que-quieres/ciudades-pueblos/otros-destinos/vigo.html Info about Vigo at Spanish Tourism Board Official Website]
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