View source for Vipassī

{{short description|One of the 28 ancient Buddhas}}
{{Infobox Buddha
| name             = Vipassī Buddha
| image            = File:Indian Museum Sculpture - Vipassi and Patali Tree (9220416654).jpg
| caption          = Vipassī and pāṭalī tree from the Bharhut Stupa at the Indian Museum, Kolkata.
| sanskrit_name    = विपश्यिन्<br>Vipaśyin Buddha
| pali_name        = Vipassī Buddha
| sinhala_name        = විපස්සී බුදුන් වහන්සේ<br>''Wipassi Budun Wahanse''
| burmese_name     = {{lang|my|ဝိပဿီဘုရား}}
| chinese_name     = 毗婆尸佛<br>([[Pinyin]]: ''Pípóshī Fó'')
| japanese_name    = {{ruby-ja|毘婆尸仏|びばしぶつ}}<br/>([[romaji]]: ''Bibashi Bosatsu'')
| tibetan_name     = <big><big>རྣམ་གཟིགས་</big></big><br><small text>Wylie: rnam gzigs</small>
| mongolian_name   =
| korean_name      = 비파시불<br/>([[Revised Romanization of Korean|RR]]: ''Bipasi Bul'')
| thai_name        = พระวิปัสสีพุทธเจ้า<br>''Phra Wipatsi Phutthachao''
| vietnamese_name  = Phật Tỳ Bà Thi
| veneration       = [[Theravada]], [[Mahayana]], [[Vajrayana]]
| attributes       = Pure Buddha{{citation needed|date=March 2019}}
| shakti           =
| preceded_by      = [[Phussa Buddha|Puṣya Buddha]]
| succeeded_by     = [[Sikhī Buddha|Śikhin Buddha]]
}}
{{Buddhism}}
In [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] tradition, '''Vipassī''' ([[Pali|Pāli]]) is the twenty-second of [[List of the twenty-eight Buddhas|twenty-eight Buddhas]] described in Chapter 27 of the ''[[Buddhavaṃsa]]''.<ref name=Buddhavamsa1882/> The ''Buddhavamsa'' is a [[Buddhist texts|Buddhist text]] which describes the life of [[Gautama Buddha]] and the twenty-seven Buddhas who preceded him. It is the fourteenth book of the ''[[Khuddaka Nikaya|Khuddaka Nikāya]]'', which in turn is part of the ''[[Sutta Pitaka|Sutta Piṭaka]]''. The ''Sutta Piṭaka'' is one of three ''pitakas'' (main sections) which together constitute the ''[[Tripiṭaka]]'', or ''[[Pāli Canon]]'' of [[Theravada]] Buddhism.<ref name=Lancaster2005/>
The third to the last Buddha of the ''[[Adorned kalpa|Alamkarakalpa]]'', Vipassī was preceded by [[Phussa Buddha]] and succeeded by [[Sikhī Buddha]].<ref name=DRBA2007/>
==Etymology==
The [[Pali]] word ''Vipassī'' has the [[Sanskrit]] form ''Vipaśyin''. ''Vi'' (good) and ''passī'' (saw) together mean "having seen clearly". The word belongs to the same family as the term ''[[vipassanā]]'' (contemplation). The Buddha was so named because he discovered the path to observe things as it is, without judgement. he discovered a way for the mankind to be in present moment through observing breathing and sensations consciously in the self without judgements. This introspections automatically develops insight into one self which helps to see things clearly as they are, not as we think or, imagine and helps untie the knot even of perpetual complicated circumstances.
==Biography==
According to the ''Buddhavamsa'', as well as traditional Buddhist [[legend]] and [[Buddhist mythology|mythology]], Vipassī lived 91 [[Kalpa (aeon)|kalpas]] — many billions of years — before the present time.<ref name=Beal1875/><ref name=Davids1878/> In Vipassī's time, the longevity of humans was 84,000 years.{{citation needed|date=September 2023}}
Vipassī was born in [[Bandhumatī]] in [[Khema Park]], in present-day [[India]].<ref name=Horner1975/>His father was Bandhumā the warrior-chief, and his mother was Bandhumatī. His wife was Sutanu, and he had a son named Samavattakkhandha.<ref name=Horner1975/>
Vipassī lived as a householder for 8,000 years in the palaces of Nanda, Sunanda and Sirimā. Upon renouncing his worldly life, he rode out of the palace in a chariot.<ref name=Horner1975/> Vipassī practiced [[asceticism]] for eight months before attaining [[Enlightenment in Buddhism|enlightenment]] under an ''[[Banyan|Ajapāla nigrodha]]'' tree.<ref name=Davids1878/> Just prior to achieving [[buddhahood]], he accepted a bowl of [[Kiribath|milk rice]] offered by Sudassana-[[setthi]]'s daughter, and grass for his seat by a guard named Sujâta.
Sources differ as to how long Vipassī lived. He was reported to have died in [[Sumitta Park]], at the age of either 80,000<ref name=Horner1975/> or 100,000 years.<ref name=Davids1878/> His [[relic]]s were kept in a [[stupa]] which was seven [[yojana]]s in height, which is roughly equal to {{convert|56|mi|km}}.<ref name=Horner1975/>
==Physical characteristics==
Vipassī was 80 [[cubit]]s tall, which is roughly equal to {{convert|121|ft|m}}, and his body [[brightness|radiated light]] for a distance of seven [[yojana]]s.<ref name=Horner1975/>
==Teachings==
Vipassī preached his first sermon in the Khamamigadâya to 6,800,000 disciples, his second sermon to 100,000 disciples, and his third sermon to 80,000 disciples.<ref name=Davids1878/>
His two foremost male disciples were Khanda and Tissa and his two foremost female disciples were Candâ and Candamittâ. Asoka was his personal assistant. His good donors were Punabbasummitta and Naga in the lay men, Sirimâ and Uttarâ in the lay women. Mendaki (then called Avaroja) built the Gandhakuti (scented pavilion) for him. He did the [[uposatha]] once every seven years, and the [[Sangha (Buddhism)|sangha]] observed the discipline perfectly.
==See also==
* [[Buddhist cosmology]]
* [[Glossary of Buddhism]]
* [[Longevity myths]]
==Notes==
{{Reflist|2|refs=
<ref name=Beal1875>{{cite book|last=Beal|first=S|author-link=Samuel Beal|title=The romantic legend of Sâkya Buddha: from the Chinese-Sanscrit|chapter=Chapter III: Exciting to religious sentiment|pages=10–17|publisher=Trubner & Company, Ludgate Hill|location=London|year=1875|chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924023164209#page/n27/mode/2up}}</ref>
<ref name=Buddhavamsa1882>{{cite book|editor-last=Morris|editor-first=R|editor-link=Richard Morris (philology)|title=The Buddhavamsa|chapter=XXVII: List of the Buddhas|pages=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.283044/page/n85 66]–7|publisher=Pali Text Society|location=London|year=1882|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.283044}}</ref>
<ref name=Davids1878>{{cite book|last1=Davids|first1=TWR|last2=Davids|first2=R|author-link=Thomas William Rhys Davids|title=Buddhist birth-stories; Jataka tales. The commentarial introduction entitled Nidana-Katha; the story of the lineage|chapter=The successive bodhisats in the times of the previous Buddhas|pages=115–44|publisher=George Routledge & Sons|location=London|year=1878|chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/buddhistbirth00daviuoft#page/n151/mode/1up}}</ref>
<ref name=DRBA2007>{{cite web|author=Buddhist Text Translation Society|title=The Sixth Patriarchs Dharma Jewel Platform Sutra|work=The Collected Lectures of Tripitaka Master Hsuan Hua|publisher=Dharma Realm Buddhist Association|location=Ukiah, California|year=2007|url=http://www.drbachinese.org/vbs/1_100/vbs32/sixth.html|access-date=2013-03-25}}</ref>
<ref name=Horner1975>{{cite book|last=Horner|first=IB|author-link=Isaline Blew Horner|title=The Minor Anthologies Of The Pali Canon: Part III: Chronicle Of Buddhas (Buddhavamsa) and Basket Of Conduct (Cariyapitaka)|chapter=The nineteenth chronicle: that of the Lord Vipassin|pages=74–7|publisher=Pali Text Society|location=Oxford|year=1975|isbn=086013072X}}</ref>
<ref name=Lancaster2005>{{cite book|last=Lancaster|first=LR|title=Encyclopedia of religion|edition=2nd|chapter=Buddhist books and texts: canon and canonization|page=1252|publisher=Macmillan Reference USA|location=New York|year=2005|isbn=978 00-286-5733-2|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofre0000unse_v8f2|url-access=registration}}</ref>
}}
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{{succession box|title=Seven Buddhas of the Past|before=[[Phussa Buddha]]|after=[[Sikhī Buddha]]|years=}}
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{{28 Buddhas}}
{{Buddhism topics}}
[[Category:Seven Buddhas of the Past]]
[[ja:過去七仏]]