View source for West Sudanian savanna

{{Short description|Tropical savanna ecoregion across Western Africa}}
{{Infobox ecoregion
|name = West Sudanian savanna
|image  = File:Ms 744 obs natiabouani 02.jpg
|image_size =
|image_alt =
|caption = Sudanian savanna with bunchgrass tufts of ''[[Andropogon gayanus]]'', [[Pama Reserve]], [[Burkina Faso]]
|map = File:AT0722 map.png
|map_size =
|map_alt =
|map_caption = Map of the West Sudanian savanna ecoregion
|ecozone = [[Afrotropical realm|Afrotropical]]
|biome  = [[tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands]]
|animals =
|bird_species =
|mammal_species =
|border1 = [[East Sudanian savanna]]
|border2 = [[Eastern Guinean forests]]
|border3 = [[Guinean forest-savanna mosaic]]
|border4 = [[Inner Niger Delta flooded savanna]]
|border5 = [[Jos Plateau forest-grassland mosaic]]
|border6 = [[Lake Chad flooded savanna]]
|border7 = [[Mandara Plateau mosaic]]
|border8 = [[Sahelian Acacia savanna]]
|area = 1,632,821
|country1 = [[Benin]]
|country2 = [[Burkina Faso]]
|country3 = [[Gambia]]
|country4 = [[Ghana]]
|country5 = [[Guinea]]
|country6 = [[Ivory Coast]]
|country7 = [[Mali]]
|country8 = [[Niger]]
|country9 = [[Nigeria]]
|country10 = [[Senegal]]
|country11 = [[Togo]]
|state1 =
|state2 =
|region_type =
|elevation =
|geology =
|seas =
|rivers =
|climate =
|soil =
|conservation = Critical/endangered
|global200 =
|habitat_loss =
|habitat_loss_ref =
|coordinates =
|protected = 233,942 km<sup>2</sup> (14
|protected_ref = )<ref name="doi.org">Eric Dinerstein, David Olson, et al. (2017). An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm, BioScience, Volume 67, Issue 6, June 2017, Pages 534–545; Supplemental material 2 table S1b. [https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/bix014]</ref>
|embedded =
}}
The '''West Sudanian savanna''' is a [[tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands|tropical savanna]] [[ecoregion]] that extends across [[West Africa]].
==Geography==
The ecoregion stretches east and west across West Africa, from the [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]] coast of Senegal to the [[Mandara Mountains]] on Nigeria's eastern border.
The drier [[Sahelian Acacia savanna]] lies to the north, and the more humid [[Guinean forest-savanna mosaic]] lies to the south.
==Climate==
The climate is a [[tropical savanna climate]] and a hot [[semi-arid climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Aw'' and ''BSh'') with a dry season and a wet season and the temperature being warm and hot year-round. Annual rainfall ranges from 1000&nbsp;mm in the south to 600&nbsp;mm in the north on the edge of the Sahel. Rainfall and temperature vary seasonally, with a hot rainy season from May to September, and a cooler dry season from October to April. Temperatures range from 30&nbsp;°C to 33&nbsp;°C during the hottest month, and 18&nbsp;°C to 21&nbsp;°C during the coolest month.<ref name = WWF>{{WWF ecoregion|name=West Sudanian savanna|id=at0722}}</ref>
===Examples===
{{Weather box
|width = auto
|location = Dakar, Senegal (1981–2010)
|metric first= Y
|single line= Y
|collapsed= Y
|Jan record high C= 39.6
|Feb record high C= 38.7
|Mar record high C= 40.4
|Apr record high C= 38.4
|May record high C= 36.2
|Jun record high C= 36.6
|Jul record high C= 36.9
|Aug record high C= 35.0
|Sep record high C= 36.2
|Oct record high C= 39.3
|Nov record high C= 40.3
|Dec record high C= 39.5
|Jan high C = 25.3
|Feb high C = 25.2
|Mar high C = 25.4
|Apr high C = 25.0
|May high C = 26.0
|Jun high C = 28.6
|Jul high C = 30.0
|Aug high C = 30.3
|Sep high C = 30.7
|Oct high C = 31.0
|Nov high C = 29.8
|Dec high C = 27.4
|year high C = 27.9
|Jan low C = 18.3
|Feb low C = 18.0
|Mar low C = 18.5
|Apr low C = 19.2
|May low C = 20.7
|Jun low C = 23.5
|Jul low C = 25.1
|Aug low C = 25.3
|Sep low C = 25.2
|Oct low C = 25.3
|Nov low C = 23.3
|Dec low C = 21.0
|year low C = 22.0
|Jan record low C= 11.0
|Feb record low C= 10.7
|Mar record low C= 10.9
|Apr record low C= 14.0
|May record low C= 15.4
|Jun record low C= 17.0
|Jul record low C= 17.2
|Aug record low C= 20.0
|Sep record low C= 20.0
|Oct record low C= 17.2
|Nov record low C= 17.0
|Dec record low C= 12.4
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm = 1.0
|Feb rain mm = 2.0
|Mar rain mm = 0.3
|Apr rain mm = 0.0
|May rain mm = 0.1
|Jun rain mm = 14.0
|Jul rain mm = 51.0
|Aug rain mm = 154.0
|Sep rain mm =  133.0
|Oct rain mm =  26.0
|Nov rain mm =  9.2
|Dec rain mm =  1.0
|Jan rain days = 1.0
|Feb rain days = 1.0
|Mar rain days = 1.0
|Apr rain days = 0.2
|May rain days = 0.4
|Jun rain days = 3.0
|Jul rain days = 8.0
|Aug rain days = 15.0
|Sep rain days = 12.0
|Oct rain days = 4.0
|Nov rain days = 1.0
|Dec rain days = 1.0
|Jan humidity = 68
|Feb humidity = 74
|Mar humidity = 77
|Apr humidity = 81
|May humidity = 81
|Jun humidity = 80
|Jul humidity = 78
|Aug humidity = 81
|Sep humidity = 83
|Oct humidity = 80
|Nov humidity = 72
|Dec humidity = 68
|year humidity = 77
|Jan sun = 244.9
|Feb sun = 245.8
|Mar sun = 276.0
|Apr sun = 288.0
|May sun = 291.4
|Jun sun = 252.0
|Jul sun = 232.5
|Aug sun = 223.2
|Sep sun = 219.0
|Oct sun = 257.3
|Nov sun = 249.0
|Dec sun = 238.7
<!--unchecked as of 2014-2-17-->
|Jan percentsun= 70
|Feb percentsun= 74
|Mar percentsun= 74
|Apr percentsun= 74
|May percentsun= 73
|Jun percentsun= 65
|Jul percentsun= 58
|Aug percentsun= 57
|Sep percentsun= 60
|Oct percentsun= 70
|Nov percentsun= 73
|Dec percentsun= 69
|source 1 = Pogoda.ru.net<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate2/61641.htm
| title = Climate Averages for Dakar
| language = ru
| publisher = Weather and Climate (Погода и климат)
| access-date = 5 May 2016}}</ref>
|source 2 =  ''Spiegel Online Wetter''<ref name="Spiegel Online Wetter">{{Cite web |url=http://wetter.spiegel.de/spiegel/klima.php?r=afrika&land=SN&stat=61641 |title=Africa, Senegal, Dakar |publisher=Spiegel Online Wetter |access-date=2014-02-17 }}</ref>
|date=May 2016
}}
{{Weather box
|location=Bamako (1950–2000, extremes 1949–2015)
|width=auto
|metric first = Y
|single line = Y
|collapsed = Y
|Jan record high C = 38.9
|Feb record high C = 42.8
|Mar record high C = 43.9
|Apr record high C = 43.5
|May record high C = 45.0
|Jun record high C = 42.0
|Jul record high C = 40.0
|Aug record high C = 37.8
|Sep record high C = 38.4
|Oct record high C = 38.9
|Nov record high C = 42.0
|Dec record high C = 40.0
|year record high C = 45.0
|Jan high C = 33.4
|Feb high C = 36.4
|Mar high C = 38.5
|Apr high C = 39.6
|May high C = 38.5
|Jun high C = 35.3
|Jul high C = 32.1
|Aug high C = 31.1
|Sep high C = 32.2
|Oct high C = 34.6
|Nov high C = 35.3
|Dec high C = 33.4
|year high C = 35.0
|Jan low C = 17.0
|Feb low C = 19.9
|Mar low C = 22.9
|Apr low C = 25.2
|May low C = 25.4
|Jun low C = 23.6
|Jul low C = 22.2
|Aug low C = 21.8
|Sep low C = 21.6
|Oct low C = 21.3
|Nov low C = 18.4
|Dec low C = 16.8
|year low C = 21.3
|Jan record low C = 8.7
|Feb record low C = 9.0
|Mar record low C = 12.0
|Apr record low C = 15.8
|May record low C = 17.8
|Jun record low C = 16.1
|Jul record low C = 17.5
|Aug record low C = 17.2
|Sep record low C = 18.0
|Oct record low C = 14.7
|Nov record low C = 10.8
|Dec record low C = 6.0
|year record low C = 6.0
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm = 0.6
|Feb rain mm = 0.7
|Mar rain mm = 2.1
|Apr rain mm = 19.7
|May rain mm = 54.1
|Jun rain mm = 132.1
|Jul rain mm = 224.1
|Aug rain mm = 290.2
|Sep rain mm = 195.9
|Oct rain mm = 66.1
|Nov rain mm = 5.2
|Dec rain mm = 0.5
|year rain mm = 991.3
|unit rain days = 0.1 mm
|Jan rain days = 0.2
|Feb rain days = 0.2
|Mar rain days = 0.6
|Apr rain days = 3.3
|May rain days = 6.3
|Jun rain days = 7.7
|Jul rain days = 16.7
|Aug rain days = 17.9
|Sep rain days = 14.7
|Oct rain days = 5.7
|Nov rain days = 0.3
|Dec rain days = 0.1
|Jan humidity = 24
|Feb humidity = 20
|Mar humidity = 22
|Apr humidity = 33
|May humidity = 50
|Jun humidity = 67
|Jul humidity = 77
|Aug humidity = 81
|Sep humidity = 78
|Oct humidity = 65
|Nov humidity = 38
|Dec humidity = 27
|year humidity = 49
|Jan sun = 277.4
|Feb sun = 253.0
|Mar sun = 268.1
|Apr sun = 230.4
|May sun = 242.6
|Jun sun = 233.6
|Jul sun = 216.6
|Aug sun = 218.3
|Sep sun = 221.7
|Oct sun = 253.7
|Nov sun = 270.7
|Dec sun = 268.6
|year sun = 2954.7
|source 1 = [[World Meteorological Organization]]<ref name= WMO>{{cite web
| url = http://worldweather.wmo.int/034/c00129.htm
| title = World Weather Information Service – Bamako
| publisher = World Meteorological Organization
| access-date = 20 June 2013
| archive-date = 13 March 2013
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130313214445/http://worldweather.wmo.int/034/c00129.htm
| url-status = live
}}</ref>
|source 2 = NOAA (sun 1961–1990),<ref name = NOAA>
{{cite web
| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/M1/61291.TXT
| title = BKO–s (Bamako) Climate Normals 1961–1990
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| access-date = 10 September 2015}}</ref> [[Deutscher Wetterdienst]] (extremes and humidity)<ref name = DWD>{{cite web
| url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_612910_kt.pdf
| title = Klimatafel von Bamako (Flughafen) / Mali
| work = Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world
| publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst
| language = de
| access-date = 3 February 2019
| archive-date = 9 June 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200609162241/https://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_612910_kt.pdf
| url-status = live
}}</ref>
|date = June 2013}}
{{Weather box|width = auto
|location = Ouagadougou (1971-2000, extremes 1902-present)
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|collapsed = yes
|Jan record high C = 39.8
|Feb record high C = 42.3
|Mar record high C = 43.8
|Apr record high C = 46.1
|May record high C = 44.5
|Jun record high C = 41.3
|Jul record high C = 38.8
|Aug record high C = 36.6
|Sep record high C = 38.6
|Oct record high C = 41.0
|Nov record high C = 40.5
|Dec record high C = 40.1
|year record high C = 46.1
|Jan high C = 32.9
|Feb high C = 35.8
|Mar high C = 38.3
|Apr high C = 39.3
|May high C = 37.7
|Jun high C = 34.7
|Jul high C = 32.1
|Aug high C = 31.1
|Sep high C = 32.5
|Oct high C = 35.6
|Nov high C = 35.9
|Dec high C = 33.4
|year high C = 34.9
|Jan low C = 16.5
|Feb low C = 19.1
|Mar low C = 23.5
|Apr low C = 26.4
|May low C = 26.1
|Jun low C = 24.1
|Jul low C = 22.8
|Aug low C = 22.2
|Sep low C = 22.4
|Oct low C = 23.0
|Nov low C = 19.6
|Dec low C = 16.9
|year low C = 21.9
|Jan record low C = 8.5
|Feb record low C = 10.4
|Mar record low C = 14.8
|Apr record low C = 16.2
|May record low C = 17.0
|Jun record low C = 17.0
|Jul record low C = 15.0
|Aug record low C = 17.9
|Sep record low C = 17.6
|Oct record low C = 17.6
|Nov record low C = 13.0
|Dec record low C = 9.5
|year record low C = 8.5
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm = 0.1
|Feb rain mm = 0.5
|Mar rain mm = 5.9
|Apr rain mm = 26.5
|May rain mm = 66.8
|Jun rain mm = 97.5
|Jul rain mm = 176.2
|Aug rain mm = 214.2
|Sep rain mm = 121.2
|Oct rain mm = 33.5
|Nov rain mm = 1.2
|Dec rain mm = 0.2
|year rain mm = 743.8
|unit rain days = 0.1 mm
|Jan rain days = 0
|Feb rain days = 0
|Mar rain days = 1
|Apr rain days = 3
|May rain days = 8
|Jun rain days = 10
|Jul rain days = 14
|Aug rain days = 16
|Sep rain days = 11
|Oct rain days = 5
|Nov rain days = 0
|Dec rain days = 0
|year rain days = 68
|Jan humidity = 24
|Feb humidity = 21
|Mar humidity = 22
|Apr humidity = 36
|May humidity = 50
|Jun humidity = 64
|Jul humidity = 72
|Aug humidity = 80
|Sep humidity = 77
|Oct humidity = 60
|Nov humidity = 38
|Dec humidity = 29
|year humidity = 48
|Jan sun = 287
|Feb sun = 263
|Mar sun = 264
|Apr sun = 256
|May sun = 277
|Jun sun = 264
|Jul sun = 240
|Aug sun = 223
|Sep sun = 217
|Oct sun = 273
|Nov sun = 288
|Dec sun = 284
|year sun =
|source 1 = [[World Meteorological Organization]],<ref name=WMOouag>
{{cite web |url=http://worldweather.wmo.int/en/city.html?cityId=1532 |title=World Weather Information Service – Ouagadougou Aero |publisher=World Meteorological Organization |access-date=13 June 2016}}</ref> Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)<ref name=meteoclimat>
{{cite web |url=http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&id=681 |title=Station Ouagadougou |publisher=Meteo Climat |language=fr |access-date=13 June 2016}}</ref>
|source 2=[[Deutscher Wetterdienst]] (humidity, 1961–1967, and sun, 1961–1990)<ref name=DWDouag>
{{cite web |url=http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_655030_kt.pdf |title=Klimatafel von Ouagadougou / Burkina Faso (Obervolta) |work=Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world |publisher=Deutscher Wetterdienst |language=de |access-date=13 June 2016}}</ref><ref name=DWDsun>{{cite web |url=ftp://ftp-cdc.dwd.de/pub/CDC/observations_global/CLIMAT/multi_annual/sunshine_duration/1961_1990.txt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017195327/ftp://ftp-cdc.dwd.de/pub/CDC/observations_global/CLIMAT/multi_annual/sunshine_duration/1961_1990.txt |url-status=dead |archive-date=2017-10-17 |title=Station 65503: Ouagadougou |work=Global station data 1961–1990—Sunshine Duration |publisher=Deutscher Wetterdienst |access-date=13 June 2016}}</ref>{{efn|[https://web.archive.org/web/20171017195318/ftp://ftp-cdc.dwd.de/pub/CDC/help/stations_list_CLIMAT_data.txt Station ID for Ouagadougou is 65503] Use this station ID to locate the sunshine duration}}
}}
{{Weather box
|width=auto
|location=Niamey, Niger (1961–1990, extremes: 1961–2015)
|metric first=yes
|single line=yes
|collapsed=yes
|Jan record high C=38.2
|Feb record high C=44.0
|Mar record high C=45.0
|Apr record high C=45.6
|May record high C=45.1
|Jun record high C=43.5
|Jul record high C=41.0
|Aug record high C=39.6
|Sep record high C=41.8
|Oct record high C=41.2
|Nov record high C=40.7
|Dec record high C=40.0
|Jan high C=32.5
|Feb high C=35.7
|Mar high C=39.1
|Apr high C=40.9
|May high C=40.2
|Jun high C=37.2
|Jul high C=34.0
|Aug high C=33.0
|Sep high C=34.4
|Oct high C=37.8
|Nov high C=36.2
|Dec high C=33.3
|year high C=36.2
|Jan mean C=24.3
|Feb mean C=27.3
|Mar mean C=30.9
|Apr mean C=33.8
|May mean C=34.0
|Jun mean C=31.5
|Jul mean C=29.0
|Aug mean C=27.9
|Sep mean C=29.0
|Oct mean C=30.8
|Nov mean C=27.9
|Dec mean C=25.0
|year mean C=29.3
|Jan low C=16.1
|Feb low C=19.0
|Mar low C=22.9
|Apr low C=26.5
|May low C=27.7
|Jun low C=25.7
|Jul low C=24.1
|Aug low C=23.2
|Sep low C=23.6
|Oct low C=24.2
|Nov low C=19.5
|Dec low C=16.7
|year low C=22.4
|Jan record low C=12.6
|Feb record low C=14.3
|Mar record low C=18.0
|Apr record low C=21.6
|May record low C=22.6
|Jun record low C=20.5
|Jul record low C=20.0
|Aug record low C=20.2
|Sep record low C=20.3
|Oct record low C=15.8
|Nov record low C=13.0
|Dec record low C=12.6
|precipitation colour=green
|Jan precipitation mm=0.0
|Feb precipitation mm=0.0
|Mar precipitation mm=3.9
|Apr precipitation mm=5.7
|May precipitation mm=34.7
|Jun precipitation mm=68.8
|Jul precipitation mm=154.3
|Aug precipitation mm=170.8
|Sep precipitation mm=92.2
|Oct precipitation mm=9.7
|Nov precipitation mm=0.7
|Dec precipitation mm=0.0
|unit precipitation days=1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days=0.0
|Feb precipitation days=0.0
|Mar precipitation days=0.2
|Apr precipitation days=0.8
|May precipitation days=2.9
|Jun precipitation days=5.9
|Jul precipitation days=9.9
|Aug precipitation days=12.2
|Sep precipitation days=7.4
|Oct precipitation days=1.6
|Nov precipitation days=0.1
|Dec precipitation days=0.0
|humidity colour=green
|Jan humidity=22
|Feb humidity=17
|Mar humidity=18
|Apr humidity=27
|May humidity=42
|Jun humidity=55
|Jul humidity=67
|Aug humidity=74
|Sep humidity=73
|Oct humidity=53
|Nov humidity=34
|Dec humidity=27
|Jan sun=280
|Feb sun=264
|Mar sun=264
|Apr sun=251
|May sun=257
|Jun sun=251
|Jul sun=238
|Aug sun=203
|Sep sun=228
|Oct sun=285
|Nov sun=285
|Dec sun=276
|source 1=[[Deutscher Wetterdienst]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_610520_kt.pdf |title=Klimatafel von Niamey (Aéro) / Niger |publisher=Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure |access-date=14 June 2016}}</ref>
|source 2=[[Danish Meteorological Institute]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dmi.dk/dmi/tr01-17.pdf |title=Stationsnummer 61052 |publisher=Ministry of Energy, Utilities and Climate |access-date=14 June 2016 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116071752/http://www.dmi.dk/dmi/tr01-17.pdf |archive-date=16 January 2013}}</ref>
}}
{{Weather box
|width=auto
|metric first=yes
|single line=yes
|collapsed=yes
|location=Maiduguri
|Jan record high C=40
|Feb record high C=42
|Mar record high C=44
|Apr record high C=46
|May record high C=47
|Jun record high C=42
|Jul record high C=43
|Aug record high C=36
|Sep record high C=38
|Oct record high C=39
|Nov record high C=39
|Dec record high C=38
|Jan high C=31.9
|Feb high C=34.6
|Mar high C=37.8
|Apr high C=40.1
|May high C=39.4
|Jun high C=36.4
|Jul high C=33.2
|Aug high C=32.0
|Sep high C=33.7
|Oct high C=36.4
|Nov high C=34.2
|Dec high C=32.3
|year high C=35.2
|Jan mean C=21.8
|Feb mean C=24.8
|Mar mean C=29.3
|Apr mean C=32.6
|May mean C=32.5
|Jun mean C=30.2
|Jul mean C=27.5
|Aug mean C=26.6
|Sep mean C=27.2
|Oct mean C=27.9
|Nov mean C=24.9
|Dec mean C=23.2
|year mean C=27.4
|Jan low C=12.6
|Feb low C=15.3
|Mar low C=19.7
|Apr low C=21.9
|May low C=25.5
|Jun low C=24.5
|Jul low C=22.9
|Aug low C=22.3
|Sep low C=22.4
|Oct low C=20.7
|Nov low C=16.0
|Dec low C=13.1
|year low C=19.9
|Jan record low C=8
|Feb record low C=10
|Mar record low C=15
|Apr record low C=12
|May record low C=18
|Jun record low C=19
|Jul record low C=20
|Aug record low C=19
|Sep record low C=20
|Oct record low C=15
|Nov record low C=10
|Dec record low C=5
|precipitation colour=green
|Jan precipitation mm=0.0
|Feb precipitation mm=0.0
|Mar precipitation mm=0.3
|Apr precipitation mm=13.0
|May precipitation mm=30.5
|Jun precipitation mm=73.8
|Jul precipitation mm=147.1
|Aug precipitation mm=193.2
|Sep precipitation mm=83.0
|Oct precipitation mm=11.1
|Nov precipitation mm=0.0
|Dec precipitation mm=0.1
|year precipitation mm=552.1
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 0.0
|Feb precipitation days = 0.0
|Mar precipitation days = 0.5
|Apr precipitation days = 1.6
|May precipitation days = 4.0
|Jun precipitation days = 7.0
|Jul precipitation days = 10.7
|Aug precipitation days = 10.7
|Sep precipitation days = 6.8
|Oct precipitation days = 1.4
|Nov precipitation days = 0.0
|Dec precipitation days = 0.0
|year precipitation days = 42.7
|time day = 15:00 [[Standard time|LST]]
|Jan humidity = 15.4
|Feb humidity = 11.2
|Mar humidity = 12.0
|Apr humidity = 17.5
|May humidity = 28.4
|Jun humidity = 38.4
|Jul humidity = 55.5
|Aug humidity = 63.4
|Sep humidity = 54.8
|Oct humidity = 30.2
|Nov humidity = 19.0
|Dec humidity = 19.6
|year humidity = 30.2
|Jan sun = 266.6
|Feb sun = 249.2
|Mar sun = 257.3
|Apr sun = 237.0
|May sun = 263.5
|Jun sun = 249.0
|Jul sun = 217.0
|Aug sun = 204.6
|Sep sun = 225.0
|Oct sun = 285.2
|Nov sun = 282.0
|Dec sun = 275.9
|year sun = 3012.3
|Jand sun = 8.6
|Febd sun = 8.9
|Mard sun = 8.3
|Aprd sun = 7.9
|Mayd sun = 8.5
|Jund sun = 8.3
|Juld sun = 7.0
|Augd sun = 6.6
|Sepd sun = 7.5
|Octd sun = 9.2
|Novd sun = 9.4
|Decd sun = 8.9
|yeard sun =
|source 1= NOAA,<ref name = NOAAma>
{{cite web
| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/NI/65082.TXT
| title = Maiduguri Climate Normals 1961–1990
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| access-date = 22 July 2016}}</ref> ''Climate Charts'' (latitude: 11°51'N<span style="margin:2px">;</span> longitude: 013°05'E<span style="margin:2px">;</span> elevation: <span style="margin-right:2px">354m, 1161'</span>)<ref name="Climate Chartsmaidug">{{Cite web |url=http://www.climate-charts.com/Locations/n/NI65082.php |title=Maiduguri, Nigeria Climate, Global Warming, and Daylight Charts and Data |publisher=Climate Charts |access-date=3 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919001338/http://www.climate-charts.com/Locations/n/NI65082.php |archive-date=19 September 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|source 2= ''Voodoo Skies'' for record temperatures<ref name="Voodoo Skies">{{Cite web |url=http://voodooskies.com/weather/nigeria/maiduguri |title=Maiduguri, Nigeria |publisher=Voodoo Skies |access-date=3 December 2013}}</ref>
}}
==Flora==
[[File:West Sudanian Savanna in the National Park of Upper Niger.jpg|thumb|Flora]]
Savanna and open woodland are the characteristic vegetation types. Species of ''[[Combretum]]'' and ''[[Terminalia (plant)|Terminalia]]'' are the typical savanna trees, and the ground is covered with long grasses, herbs, and shrubs. Species of ''[[Hyparrhenia]]'', or elephant grass, is the predominant grass, and often grows 1 meter or more in height. Trees in the drier woodlands generally less than 10 meters high, and include ''[[Anogeissus]]'' spp. with ''[[Acacia]]'' spp., ''[[Balanites aegyptiaca]], [[Combretum glutinosum]], [[Commiphora africana]], [[Prosopis africana]], [[Tamarindus indica]]'', and ''[[Ziziphus mucronata]]''. Many trees lose their leaves during the height of the dry season, and the grasses often dry out.<ref name = WWF/>
Acacia is less common in the wetter woodlands in higher-rainfall areas and along watercourses, where ''[[Afzelia africana]], [[Burkea africana]], [[Combretum]]'' spp. and ''[[Terminalia (plant)|Terminalia]]'' spp. are predominant. Smaller areas of ''[[Isoberlinia]]'' woodland occur in more humid portions of the southern ecoregion.<ref name = WWF/>
==Fauna==
The ecoregion is home to many large mammals, including [[African bush elephant]] (''Loxodonta africana''), [[West African giraffe]] (''Giraffa camelopardalis peralta''), [[giant eland]] (''Taurotragus derbianus derbianus''), [[roan antelope]] (''Hippotragus equinus''), [[African buffalo]] (''Syncerus caffer brachyceros''), [[lion]] (''Panthera leo''), [[leopard]] (''Panthera pardus'') [[cheetah]] (''Acinonyx jubatus''), and [[African wild dog]] (''Lycaon pictus''). Most large mammals are now very limited in range and numbers.<ref name = WWF/>
==Conservation==
A 2017 assessment found that 233,942&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>, or 14%, of the ecoregion is in protected areas.<ref name="doi.org">Eric Dinerstein, David Olson, et al. (2017). An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm, BioScience, Volume 67, Issue 6, June 2017, Pages 534–545; Supplemental material 2 table S1b. [https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/bix014]</ref>
==Notes==
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}
== External links ==
*{{WWF ecoregion|name=West Sudanian savanna|id=at0722}}
*{{commons-inline||West Sudanian savanna}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Afrotropical ecoregions]]
[[Category:Ecoregions of Africa]]
[[Category:Sub-Saharan Africa]]
[[Category:Ecoregions of Benin]]
[[Category:Ecoregions of Burkina Faso]]
[[Category:Ecoregions of the Gambia]]
[[Category:Ecoregions of Ghana]]
[[Category:Ecoregions of Guinea]]
[[Category:Ecoregions of Ivory Coast]]
[[Category:Ecoregions of Mali]]
[[Category:Ecoregions of Niger]]
[[Category:Ecoregions of Nigeria]]
[[Category:Ecoregions of Senegal]]
[[Category:Ecoregions of Togo]]
[[Category:Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands]]