View source for Westermost Rough Wind Farm

{{Short description|Offshore wind farm in the North Sea, England}}
{{use British English|date=December 2017}}
{{use dmy dates|date=December 2017}}
{{Infobox power station
| name                   = Westermost Rough Wind Farm
| location               = {{convert|8|km|0|abbr=on}} north-east of [[Withernsea]], [[East Riding of Yorkshire]]
| construction_began     = 2014
| ps_site_area           = {{convert|35|km2|abbr=on}}
| location_map_zoom      = 8
}}
{{maplink
|frame=yes
|frame-height=260
|frame-lat=	53.8075
|frame-long=0.1511
|zoom=11
|text=Wind farm layout
|from=Wind turbines Westermost Rough.map
}}
'''Westermost Rough Wind Farm''' is an offshore [[wind farm]] {{convert|8|km|0}} north east of [[Withernsea]] off the [[Holderness]] coast, in the [[North Sea]], [[England]].  The farm covers an area of approximately {{convert|35|km2|abbr=on}} with a generation capacity of approximately 210&nbsp;MW. It became operational in May 2015.
==History==
The Westermost Wind farm site was originally awarded to [[Total S.A.|Total]] in 2003 during the initial [[Round 2 wind farm]] tendering process; Total later withdrew and the concession was returned to the [[Crown Estate]] in 2006.<ref name="his1"/> In 2007 [[DONG Energy]] was awarded a lease from [[The Crown Estate]] to develop a wind farm at Westermost Rough.<ref name="donglease"/> The company ''Westermost Rough Ltd'' was established 2007;<ref group="n">Westernmost Rough Limited, incorporated 1 May 2007, company number 0623914. Source: [[Companies House]] database</ref> a subsidiary of DONG Energy.<ref>[[#wroct2009|Westermost Rough non technical summary (October 2009)]], "Introduction"</ref>
A planning application was submitted in November 2009,<ref name="ts1"/> and consent was given by the [[Department of Energy and Climate Change]] in 2011 for a development of up to 80 turbines of up to 245&nbsp;MW power with a limit of {{convert|172|m|abbr=on}} turbine tip height, and {{convert|150|m|abbr=on}} rotor diameter, as well as associated onshore and offshore substations, cabling and other infrastructure.<ref name="plan1"/>
Initial expectations were for an earliest in service date of 2014,<ref name="ts1"/> in January 2013 construction of the wind farm was confirmed, with construction scheduled to start in 2014 with the farm operational by 2015.<ref name="sch1"/><ref name="bbc1"/><ref name="grim1"/>
DONG Energy sold a 50% stake in the wind farm in equal parts to the [[Green Investment Bank]] and to [[Marubeni Corporation]] for a total of £240 million; as part of the sale the two buyers committed to investing £500 million in the construction of the wind farm;<ref name="maru"/> the two companies, through the joint company ''WMR JV Investco Limited'' secured £370 million from lenders in August 2014 to fund the capital cost of the project.<ref name="maru2"/><ref name="maru3"/>
===Design, manufacture and construction===
The wind farm is located {{convert|8|km|0|abbr=on}} off the [[Holderness]] coast, roughly northeast of [[Withernsea]].<ref group="n">Boundaries of the wind farm are at grid locations {{coord|53|50.5754|N|00|09.6150|E|display=inline|type:landmark|name=Westermost Rough wind farm boundary point}}, {{coord|53|47.9824|N|00|12.7432|E|display=inline|type:landmark|name=Westermost Rough wind farm boundary point}}, {{coord|53|46.1311|N|00|08.3651|E|display=inline|type:landmark||name=Westermost Rough wind farm boundary point}}, {{coord|53|48.7222|N|00|05.2348|E|display=inline|type:landmark|name=Westermost Rough wind farm boundary point}}, and {{coord|53|50.5754|N|00|09.6150|E|display=inline|type:landmark|name=Westermost Rough wind farm boundary point}}. ([[#ld2012|London Gazette, 18 June 2012]])</ref> The proposed design is for 35 to 80 turbines of between 3 and 7&nbsp;MW power output, in an area of {{convert|35|km2|abbr=on}}, with a total installed capacity of up to 245&nbsp;MW.<ref name="design1"/>
The offshore substation design was subcontracted to [[Ramboll]],<ref name="ramboll"/> with medium voltage turbine to offshore transformer submarine cables supplied by [[Nexans]].<ref name="nexans"/> High voltage 155&nbsp;kV submarine export cables and 155/275&nbsp;kV underground cables were contracted to be supplied from [[LS Cable & System]] of Korea.<ref name="korea1"/><ref name="korea2"/> The cable landing point is to be near [[Tunstall, East Riding of Yorkshire]], with a [[National Grid (Great Britain)|national grid]] connection made via the buried cables to a new substation at [[Salt End]].<ref>[[#wroct2009|Westermost Rough non technical summary (October 2009)]], "The Project", p.4; also "Summary of Onshore Environmental Impact Assessment", p.16</ref>
The project was the first commercial use of gearless 6&nbsp;MW [[Siemens Wind]] turbines;<ref name="siemens6mw"/><ref name=wit1/> 35 turbines were to be installed, giving a capacity of 210&nbsp;MW.<ref name="spec2"/> [[Varde]], Denmark based [[Titan Wind Energy]] was contracted to supply towers, with tower foundations supplied by [[Bladt Industries]] of [[Aalborg]], Denmark.<ref name="tower1"/> The driven monopile foundations are {{convert|6.25|m}} diameter with mass up to 800&nbsp;t, with 425&nbsp;t transition pieces.<ref name="twd"/>
A dual [[Doppler radar]] system, (originally developed by the US [[National Wind Institute]],<ref name="doppler"/><ref name="doppler2"/> and supplied by SmartWind Technologies, LLC.<ref name="doppler3"/>) was used to measure high-density wind details over the large wind farm area, with the experiment supported by the [[Carbon Trust]] organisation.<ref name=wit2/><ref name="doppler4"/>
[[GeoSea]] was awarded the contract to install foundation piles in April 2013.<ref name="pilecontr"/> The first foundation pile was installed in February 2014.<ref name="firstpile"/> In early 2014 residents of [[Withernsea]] and the nearby area reported noise and vibration disturbance during the night time, attributed to piling at the wind farm site; by April 2014 an investigation by the [[Marine Management Organisation]] had found evidence of noise, but the results were not conclusive enough for it to act on.<ref name="noise"/> Foundation installation was completed by May 2014,<ref>{{citation| url = http://renews.biz/67212/foundations-done-at-westermost/ |title = Foundations done at Westermost| date = 27 May 2014| access-date = 27 May 2014|work = renews.biz}}</ref> and the offshore substation installed by June 2014.<ref name="subcompl"/> Turbine installation was completed March 2015.<ref name="turbcompl"/>
==Operations==
The wind farm was commissioned and became operational in May 2015.<ref name="op"/> Its [[levelised cost]] has been estimated at £121/MWh.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Aldersey-Williams |first1=John |last2=Broadbent |first2=Ian D. |last3=Strachan |first3=Peter A. |title=Better estimates of LCOE from audited accounts – A new methodology with examples from United Kingdom offshore wind and CCGT |journal=Energy Policy |date=1 May 2019 |volume=128 |pages=25–35 |doi=10.1016/j.enpol.2018.12.044|hdl=10059/3298 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
In May 2015, [[Ofgem]] awarded preferred bidder status to own and operate the electrical transmission assets of the wind farm to Transmission Capital Partners;<ref name="transale"/>  in early 2016 the sale of the assets (TC Westernmost Rough OFTO Ltd.) to a consortium of  Transmission Capital Partners Limited Partnership and International Public Partnerships Limited was completed.<ref name="transassetsale"/> In early 2016 CWind was given a 20-year contract to maintain the TC Westernmost Rough OFTO's electrical transmission assets.<ref>{{citation| url  =http://renews.biz/101544/cwind-grabs-westermost-gig| title = CWind grabs Westermost gig|date = 15 February 2016| work =renews.biz |access-date=15 February 2016}}</ref>
In 2017, DONG Energy rebranded themselves as Ørsted as the acronym for DONG Energy - Danish Oil & Natural Gas - was seen as inappropriate for a company which had divested its entire oil and gas operations and was building an energy portfolio that was approaching 100% renewable.<ref>{{cite web|title=DONG Energy becomes Ørsted on 6 November|url=http://www.dongenergy.co.uk/energyforbusiness_|website=www.dongenergy.co.uk|access-date=15 December 2017}}</ref>
==Notes==
{{GeoGroup}}
{{reflist|group="n"}}
==References==
{{reflist|30em| refs =
<ref name="design1">{{citation| url = http://www.dongenergy.com/WestermostRough/About_Westermost_Rough/About_Westermost_Rough/Pages/About_Westermost_Rough.aspx | title = About Westermost Rough| publisher = DONG Energy | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110120091110/http://www.dongenergy.com/westermostrough/about_westermost_rough/about_westermost_rough/pages/about_westermost_rough.aspx | archive-date=20 January 2011 |access-date=26 September 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="ramboll">{{citation| url = http://www.ramboll.com/projects/viewproject?projectid=8FC849FD-0F0E-4763-9B67-1C23AF2CA9EA| title = SUBSTATION DESIGN FOR WESTERMOST ROUGH OFFSHORE WIND FARM| work = www.ramboll.com| publisher = Ramboll |access-date=26 September 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="doppler">{{citation|title=Coupling Doppler radar-derived wind maps with operational turbine data to document wind farm complex flows|journal = Wind Energy |volume = 18| issue =3 |pages = 529–540|doi = 10.1002/we.1701| date = March 2015 | first1 = Brian|last1 = D. Hirth | first2= John L.| last2=  Schroeder| first3 = W.|last3=  Scott Gunter| first4 = Jerry G.| last4 =  Guynes| publisher = John Wiley & Sons Ltd}}</ref>
<ref name="doppler2">{{citation|url=http://www.depts.ttu.edu/nwi/research/radar-research/|title=Measuring the Complex Flows Found in Wind Plants|publisher = [[Texas Tech University]] |access-date=9 June 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="doppler3">{{citation| url = http://renews.biz/85513/carbon-trust-backs-dong-radar-trial/| title= Carbon Trust backs Dong radar trial| date = 11 March 2015| work = renews.biz|access-date=4 February 2016}}</ref>
<ref name=wit2>{{citation| language = da|  last = Wittrup| first = Sanne| url = http://ing.dk/artikel/radarsystem-fra-dong-skal-oege-havmoellers-stroemproduktion-174249 | title = Radarsystem fra Dong skal øge havmøllers strømproduktion |publisher =[[Ingeniøren]]|date = 19 February 2015 |access-date=19 February 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="doppler4">{{citation |url=http://www.rechargenews.com/wind/1391933/dong-to-test-dual-doppler-wind-radar-at-westermost-rough|title=Dong to test dual-Doppler wind radar at Westermost Rough|work=rechargenews.com|date  =19 February 2015| first = Darius| last = Snieckus |access-date= 19 February 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="transassetsale">{{citation| url =http://renews.biz/101412/westermost-grid-sale-agreed| title = Westermost grid sale agreed| date = 4 February 2016| work = renews.biz |access-date=4 February 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="twd">{{citation| url = http://www.twd.nl/products/seafastening/project-details/engineering-works-for-the-westermost-rough-offshore-wind-farm.html| title = Engineering works for the Westermost Rough Offshore Wind Farm | work = www.twd.nl| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140201232957/http://www.twd.nl/products/seafastening/project-details/engineering-works-for-the-westermost-rough-offshore-wind-farm.html| archive-date = 1 February 2014 |access-date=31 January 2014}}</ref>
<ref name="tower1">{{citation| url = http://www.windpoweroffshore.com/article/1223053/titan-wind-energy-supply-towers-westermost-rough| title = Titan Wind Energy to supply towers for Westermost Rough| date = 28 November 2013| first = Ben| last = Miller| work = www.windpoweroffshore.com|access-date=30 January 2014}}</ref>
<ref name="siemens6mw">{{citation| url = http://www.rechargenews.com/energy/wind/article319016.ece| title = Dong's Westermost Rough first in line for Siemens 6MW roll out| first  = Ben| last = Blackwell| work = www.rechargenews.com|access-date=26 September 2012}}</ref>
<ref name=wit1>{{citation| language = da| last = Wittrup| first = Sanne| url = http://ing.dk/artikel/saa-er-den-foerste-af-siemens-kaempemoeller-rejst-til-havs-170133| title =  Så er den første af Siemens' kæmpemøller rejst til havs |publisher = Ingeniøren|date  = 15 August 2014 |access-date=19 February 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="spec2">{{citation| url= http://www.offshorewind.biz/2013/01/30/uk-dong-to-build-westermost-rough-offshore-wind-farm/| title = UK: DONG to Build Westermost Rough Offshore Wind Farm| work = www.offshorewind.biz| date = 30 January 2013|access-date = 30 January 2013}}</ref>
<ref name="korea1">{{citation| url = http://www.lsholdings.com/en/press/press_kit_view.asp?seq=281| title =   LS Cable & System, first in Korea to enter European submarine cable market| date = 5 February 2013| publisher  =  LS Cable & System|quote = LS Cable & System announced on the 5th the supply of 150kV level submarine cables, 150kV&275kV extra high-voltage underground cable and connection materials to a scale of 16 million Euros (approx. KRW 23&nbsp;billion) to Dong Energy, [... to] be used in an offshore wind power generation complex to be built in Westermost Rough on the Southeastern Coast of the U.K. [...]  the extra high-voltage underground cables will be used to transmit electric energy [...] to an inland transmission site. |access-date=31 January 2014}}</ref>
<ref name="korea2">{{citation | url=http://www.windpoweroffshore.com/article/1189854/ls-cable---system-wins-%E2%82%AC16m-cable-contract-dong| title = LS Cable & System wins €16m cable contract from Dong| date = 5 February 2013| first  =David| last = Carr| work = www.windpoweroffshore.com|access-date=31 January 2014}}</ref>
<ref name="nexans">{{citation| url=http://www.nexans.co.uk/eservice/UK-en_GB/navigatepub_168281_-32507/Nexans_delivers_medium_voltage_submarine_cables_fo.html|title = Nexans delivers medium-voltage submarine cables for Westermost Rough wind farm|date = 25 January 2013|publisher = Nexans|access-date=30 January 2014}}</ref>
<ref name="maru2">{{citation| url = http://www.marubeni.com/news/2014/release/00038.html| title = Project Financing Agreement for the 210MW Westermost Rough Offshore Wind Power Project | date =11 August 2014| work = www.marubeni.com |access-date=11 August 2014}}</ref>
<ref name="maru3">{{citation| url = http://renews.biz/72032/gib-re-carves-westermost-stake/| title = GIB, Marubeni rejig Rough cash| date  = 11 August 2014| work = renews.biz|access-date=11 August 2014}}</ref>
<ref name="plan1">Sources:
*{{citation| url  =http://www.og.decc.gov.uk/EIP/pages/projects/WestermostConsent.pdf| title = CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF A WIND FARM GENERATING STATION KNOWN AS WESTERMOST ROUGH OFF THE COAST OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE| work = www.og.decc.gov.uk| publisher = Department of Energy and Climate Change|date = 29 November 2011|access-date=26 September 2012}}
*{{citation| url =http://www.og.decc.gov.uk/EIP/pages/projects/WestermostPlanning.pdf| title = Deemed Planning Permission under Section 90 of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 Relating to Works Between Mean Low Water Mark at Tunstall in the County of the East Riding of Yorkshire and an Electricity Substation at Salt End near Hull, and the Sub-station itself| work = www.og.decc.gov.uk| publisher = Department of Energy and Climate Change|date = 29 November 2011|access-date=26 September 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="sch1">{{citation| url =http://www.dongenergy.com/WestermostRough/About_Westermost_Rough/Pages/Time_Schedule.aspx| title=Time Schedule| publisher = DONG Energy| archive-date=27 June 2013| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20130627045510/http://www.dongenergy.com/WestermostRough/About_Westermost_Rough/Pages/Time_Schedule.aspx|access-date=26 September 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="bbc1">{{citation| url =https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-humber-21265322| title = Westermost Rough offshore wind farm to be built| date = 30 January 2013| work = BBC News Humberside|access-date=30 January 2014}}</ref>
<ref name="grim1">{{citation| url=http://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/Westermost-Rough-offshore-wind-farm-built/story-18012738-detail/story.html| title = Westermost Rough offshore wind farm to be built| date = 31 January 2013|work  = Grimsby Telegraph|access-date=30 January 2014}}</ref>
<ref name="maru">{{citation| url=http://www.dongenergy.com/EN/Investor/releases/Pages/omx%20feed%20list%20details.aspx?omxid=745172| title = Marubeni Corporation and UK Green Investment Bank to become co-owners of DONG Energy's Westernmost Rough offshore wind farm| date = 31 March 2014| publisher = DONG Energy| type = Press release|access-date=24 April 2014}}</ref>
<ref name="his1">{{citation|language = da| url  =http://risoe-forms.risoe.dk/vindselskab/foredrag/6.%20Tema%20Offshore%20vind/08.30%20-%2008.50%20Per%20Hjelmsted%20Pedersen/DONG%20Energy%E2%80%99s%20internationale%20%20Havm%C3%B8lleaktiviteter.pdf| title=DONG Energy's internationale Havmølleaktiviteter| at = Westermost Rough, p.11|first =Per| last = Hjelmstad| publisher  =DONG Energy| work = Dansk Vindkraftkonference 2008|access-date=26 September 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="donglease">{{citation| url = http://www.thecrownestate.co.uk/newscontent/92_westermost_rough_dong_energy.htm | publisher = Crown Estate| title = THE CROWN ESTATE AWARDS WESTERMOST ROUGH OFFSHORE WINDFARM SITE TO DONG ENERGY| date = 24 May 2007|access-date=26 September 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="op">{{citation |url=http://renews.biz/89061/uk-wind-farm-hits-full-power/|title=Westermost Rough hits full power|work=reNEWS - Renewable Energy News|access-date=9 June 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="transale">{{citation| url = http://renews.biz/88508/tcp-snares-westermost-grid/| title = TCP snares Westermost grid| date = 15 May 2015| work = renews.biz| access-date = 15 May 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="subcompl">{{citation| url = http://renews.biz/67598/westermost-substation-takes-stage/| title = Westermost substation takes stage| date = 3 June 2014| access-date = 5 June 2014|work = renews.biz}}</ref>
<ref name="turbcompl">{{citation| url = http://renews.biz/86356/dong-completes-set-at-westermost/| title = Dong completes set at Westermost| date = 30 March 2015| work = renews.biz|access-date=30 March 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="noise">Sources:
*{{citation| url =http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/main-topics/local-stories/the-din-from-dong-which-is-stopping-sleep-1-6470424| title = The 'din from Dong' which is stopping sleep|work = Yorkshire Post| date = 1 March 2014|access-date=28 April 2014}}
*{{citation| url=http://www.offshorewind.biz/2014/03/13/westermost-rough-owfs-noise-to-be-monitored-from-homes/| title = Westermost Rough OWF's Noise to Be Monitored from Homes| date = 13 March 2014| work = www.offshorewind.biz|access-date=28 April 2014}}
*{{citation| url=http://www.offshorewind.biz/2014/04/08/mmo-discusses-westermost-rough-owfs-impact-with-dong-and-eryc/| title = MMO Discusses Westermost Rough OWF's Impact with DONG and ERYC| date = 8 April 2014| work = www.offshorewind.biz|access-date=28 April 2014}}
</ref>
<ref name="firstpile">{{citation|url = http://renews.biz/61327/smooth-start-at-westermost-rough| date = 25 February 2014| title = Smooth start at Westermost Rough| work = renews.biz|access-date=24 April 2014}}</ref>
<ref name="pilecontr">{{citation| url = http://renews.biz/39305/geosea-bags-westermost-borkum/| title = GeoSea bags Rough and Borkum| date = 12 April 2013| work = renews.biz|access-date=30 January 2014}}</ref>
<ref name="ts1">{{citation| url =http://www.dongenergy.com/WestermostRough/About_Westermost_Rough/Pages/Time_Schedule.aspx| publisher = DONG Energy| archive-date  = 20 January 2011| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110120085603/http://www.dongenergy.com/WESTERMOSTROUGH/ABOUT_WESTERMOST_ROUGH/Pages/Time_Schedule.aspx| title = Time Schedule|access-date=26 September 2012}}</ref>
}}
===Sources===
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite web| url = http://www.dongenergy.com/SiteCollectionDocuments/wind/WestermostRough/Non_Technical_Summary.pdf| title = Westermost Rough Offshore Wind Farm - Non technical summary | date = October 2009| publisher = DONG Energy |access-date=26 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110419192943/http://www.dongenergy.com/SiteCollectionDocuments/wind/WestermostRough/Non_Technical_Summary.pdf|archive-date=19 April 2011|url-status=dead| ref = wroct2009}}
*{{cite journal| url = http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/60183/notices/1612390/sort=newest| title = Westermost Rough Ltd (Notice Code 2301)| journal=The London Gazette| date = 18 June 2012| issue= 60183|page=11610|ref = ld2012}}
{{refend}}
==External links==
{{stack|{{Portal|England|Weather|Renewable energy}}}}
*{{citation| url  =http://www.dongenergy.com/westermostrough/Pages/index.aspx| title = Westernmost Rough Wind Farm| publisher = DONG Energy|access-date=26 September 2012}}
*{{citation| url  =http://dongenergy-humberregion.co.uk/Westermost-Rough-Offshore-Wind-Farm.aspx| title = Westernmost Rough Offshore Wind Farm| publisher = DONG Energy UK|access-date=19 February 2013}}
*{{citation| url  =http://www.4coffshore.com/windfarms/westermost-rough-united-kingdom-uk34.html| title = Westermost Rough Offshore Wind Farm| work = www.4coffshore.com|access-date=26 September 2012}}
{{Wind power in the United Kingdom}}
{{Yorkshire Powerstations}}
[[Category:Wind farms in England]]
[[Category:Offshore wind farms in the North Sea]]
[[Category:Round 2 offshore wind farms]]
[[Category:Holderness]]
[[Category:2015 establishments in England]]
[[Category:Energy infrastructure completed in 2015]]