View source for Who's Who

{{Short description|Several reference publications on prominent people}}
{{Italic title}}
{{About||the United Kingdom publication|Who's Who (UK)|the album by John Scofield|Who's Who? (album)}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
'''''Who's Who''''' (or '''''Who is Who''''') is the title of a number of reference publications, generally containing concise [[biography|biographical]] information on the prominent people of a country. The title has been adopted as an expression meaning a group of notable persons. The oldest and best-known is the annual publication ''[[Who's Who (UK)|Who's Who]]'', a reference work on contemporary prominent people in Britain published annually since 1849.
==Notable examples by country==
* ''[[Who's Who (UK)|Who's Who]]'', the oldest listing of prominent British people since 1849; people who have died since 1897 are listed in ''Who Was Who''
* ''[[Cambridge Who's Who]]'' (also known as ''Worldwide Who's Who''), a [[vanity publisher]] based in Uniondale, New York
* ''[[Marquis Who's Who]]'', a series of books published since 1899 by Marquis, primarily listing prominent American people, but including ''Who's Who in the World''
* ''[[Who's Who in New Zealand]]'', twelve editions published at irregular intervals between 1908 and 1991
* ''[[Canadian Who's Who]]'', a listing of prominent Canadians since 1910
* ''Who's Who in Switzerland'', published from 1953 to 1996 and then ''Swiss Who's Who'', a listing of prominent Swiss or leading figures living in [[Switzerland]] since 2015<ref>{{cite news|title = Le retour du "Who's who" suisse après vingt ans d'absence|url = http://www.letemps.ch/lifestyle/2015/05/11/retour-who-s-who-suisse-apres-vingt-ans-absence|newspaper = Le Temps|date = 2015-05-11|access-date = 2015-10-31|archive-date = 2017-10-18|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171018072631/https://www.letemps.ch/lifestyle/2015/05/11/retour-who-s-who-suisse-apres-vingt-ans-absence|url-status = dead}}</ref>
* ''[[Who's Who in Australia]]'', a listing of prominent Australians since 1923
* ''[[Who's Who in France]]'', a listing of prominent French or people living in France since 1953 {{in lang|fr}}
* ''[[Who's Who in Scotland]]'', a listing of prominent Scots since 1986
* ''Who's Who'', by Metron Publications, a listing of prominent Greeks since 1992
* ''[[Who's Who of Southern Africa]]'', published in paper form until 2007 when it was replaced by a website
== Non-English publications ==
{{stack|
[[File:Kraksblaabog.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|The Danish ''Kraks Blå Bog'' (1912).]]
[[File:LA2 vemardet 1969.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|The Swedish ''Vem är det'' (1969).]]
[[File:Kojekoiserbiji.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|The Serbian ''Koje ko u Serbiji'' (1996).]]
}}
Some ''Who's Who'' books have a title in the language of the country concerned:
* Croatian: ''[[Tko je tko u Hrvatskoj]]'', bilingual edition (1993)
* Danish: ''[[Kraks Blå Bog]]'' (since 1910) annually
* Finnish: ''[[Kuka kukin on]]'' (since 1909) at first irregularly, every fourth year since 1970
* German:'' [[Wer ist's?]]'' (1905–1935) and ''{{Interlanguage link multi|Wer ist wer?|de}}'' (since 1951) almost annually
* German: for East Germany: ''{{Interlanguage link multi|Wer war wer in der DDR?|de}}''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stiftung-aufarbeitung.de/wer-war-wer-in-der-ddr-%2363%3B-1424.html |title=Bundesstiftung zur Aufarbeitung der SED-Diktatur &#124; Recherche &#124; Biographische Datenbanken |website=Stiftung-aufarbeitung.de |access-date=2016-02-07}}</ref>
* Japanese: ''[[Nihon Tarento Meikan]]'' (Talent Who's Who in Japan), a listing of Japanese celebrities, or ''[[tarento]]s'', since 1970
* Lithuanian: ''{{ill|Who's Who in Lithuania|lt=Kas yra kas Lietuvoje|lt|Kas yra kas Lietuvoje}}'' (Who's Who in Lithuania), a listing of prominent Lithuanians and business companies since 1995.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kasyrakas.lt/|title=Kas yra kas Lietuvoje 2018|website=www.kasyrakas.lt|access-date=2021-06-20|archive-date=2021-03-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309194100/http://www.kasyrakas.lt/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Norwegian:'' [[Hvem er Hvem?]]'' (since 1912) 14 editions in the 20th century
* Serbian:'' [[Koje ko u Serbiji]]'', (1991), previously ''Koje ko u Jugoslaviji''<ref name="Mannix Burchsted 2015 p. 276">{{cite book | last1=Mannix | first1=M.K. | last2=Burchsted | first2=F. | title=Guide to Reference in Genealogy and Biography | publisher=American Library Association | year=2015 | isbn=978-0-8389-1295-9 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qsPVDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA276 | access-date=2023-09-02 | page=276}}</ref>
* Swedish:'' [[Vem är det]]'' (since 1912) every second year
==Specialized publications==
* ''[[International Who's Who]]'' by Europa Publications, a Taylor and Francis imprint
* ''[[Who's Who Among American High School Students]]'' listing what it deems to be American high school and college students who particularly excel in the realm of academic achievement. The publishing company closed in 2007.
* ''[[Who's Who in American Art]]'', a listing of prominent American artists
* ''[[Who's Who in British History]]''
* ''[[Who's Who in the CIA]]'', a book published in [[East Berlin]] in 1968 with the assistance of the [[KGB]] and the [[Hauptverwaltung Aufklärung|HVA]] purporting to reveal the identities of thousands of [[CIA]] officers.
* ''[[Who's Who in the DC Universe]]'' a listing of [[DC Comics]] characters
* ''[[Who's Who in the Theatre]]'', published in Britain and the US from 1912 to 1982
==Other publications and scams==
The title "''Who's Who''" is in the public domain, and thousands of ''Who's Who'' compilations of varying scope and quality (and similar publications without the words "Who's Who") have been published by various authors and publishers. Some publications have been described as [[scam]]s; they list any people likely to buy the book, or to pay for inclusion, with no criterion of genuine notability.<ref name="Kirchheimer">{{cite web | url=https://www.aarp.org/money/scams-fraud/info-10-2012/beware-the-whos-who-directory-scam.html | title=Who's Who Directory Scams: With vanity publishers, fame and honors can cost you a small fortune | first=Sid | last=Kirchheimer | publisher=[[AARP]] | access-date=2021-12-25}}</ref> They may offer [[vanity award]]s<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/oh-you-won-an-award-dont-click-that-vanity-scam-spam-link/|title=Oh, you won an award? Don't click that vanity scam spam link|last=Gewirtz|first=David|work=[[ZDNet]]|date=2020-03-09|accessdate=2021-10-27}}</ref> or expensive trophies.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cleveland.com/consumeraffairs/2013/02/a_whos_who_invite_may_not_be_t.html|title=That 'Who's Who' invite aims at your ego — and your wallet: Plain Dealing|last=Harris|first=Sheryl|work=[[The Plain Dealer]]|date=2019-01-12|access-date=2021-10-27 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027152649/https://www.cleveland.com/consumeraffairs/2013/02/a_whos_who_invite_may_not_be_t.html |archive-date=2021-10-27 }}</ref>
One example is the defunct ''[[Who's Who Among American High School Students]]'', which was criticized for questionable nomination practices, as well as whether the listing's entries are fact-checked and accurate.<ref name=zanos>{{cite web |url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/05340/617803.stm |title=Yvonne Zanos: What's what with Who's Who |date=2005-12-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070307225146/http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/05340/617803.stm |archive-date=2007-03-07 |website=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette}}</ref><ref name=wcco>{{cite web |url-status=dead |url=http://wcco.com/topstories/Who.s.Who.2.354309.html |title=Student Questions 'Who's Who' Directory |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100112112842/http://wcco.com/topstories/Who.s.Who.2.354309.html |archive-date=2010-01-12 |website=WCCO |date=2006-01-03 |first1=Terri |last1=Gruca }}</ref> According to Steve Bjork, an admissions vice president of [[Hamline University]]: "It's honestly something that an admissions officer typically wouldn't consider or wouldn't play into an admissions decision." He suggested that ''Who's Who'' was "just trying to sell books".<ref name=wcco />
''Who's Who'' publications are not all of questionable value, but publishers that select truly notable people and provide trustworthy information on them are hard to identify. [[Who's Who (UK)|A & C Black's ''Who's Who'']] is the canonical example of a legitimate ''Who's Who'' reference work, being the first to use the name and establish the approach in print, publishing annually since 1849. However, the longevity of a publication is not in itself a guarantee. In 1999, [[Tucker Carlson]] said in [[Forbes (magazine)|''Forbes'' magazine]] that [[Marquis Who's Who]], founded in 1898 but no longer an independent company, had adopted practices of address harvesting as a revenue stream, undermining its claim to legitimacy as a reference work listing people of merit.<ref name="Tucker1999">{{cite magazine |last1=Carlson |first1=Tucker |author-link1=Tucker Carlson |date=1999-03-08 |title=The Hall of Lame |url=https://www.forbes.com/forbes-life-magazine/1999/0308/063.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090414142434/http://www.forbes.com/forbes-life-magazine/1999/0308/063.html |archive-date=2009-04-14 |access-date=2019-10-14 |magazine=[[Forbes]] |language=en |issn=0015-6914 |quote=''Who's Who in America'' ... appears to contain a lot of relatively unaccomplished people who simply nominated themselves. To make the process of self-promotion easier, Reed Elsevier, the publication's parent company and the owner of Lexis-Nexis, now has a site on the Internet where would-be biographees can complete a 'biographical data form.' |ref=Tucker1999 }}</ref>{{obsolete source|date=March 2024}} A 2005 ''[[The New York Times|New York Times]]'' article observed that the entries in Marquis Who's Who were "not uniformly fact-checked".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hamilton |first=William L. |date=2005-11-13 |title=Who Are You? Why Are You Here? |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/13/fashion/sundaystyles/who-are-you-why-are-you-here.html |access-date=2022-04-12 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
==See also==
* [[Biographical dictionary]]
* ''[[Hinterland Who's Who]]'', a series of 60-second public service ads profiling Canadian animals and birds, produced by Environment Canada in the 1960s
* ''[[Kdo byl kdo]]'' (Czech: "Who was who?")
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Bibliography==
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Lists of books by type]]
[[Category:Biographical dictionaries]]