View source for Wilton's Dok- en Werf Maatschappij

{{Short description|Dutch shipyard}}
{{Infobox company
|name                = Wilton's Dok- en Werf Maatschappij
|logo                =
|logo_size           =
|image               = Wilton engineering and slipway Rotterdam 1918.jpg
|image_caption       = Wilton's shipyard on the Westkousdijk in Delfshaven
|image_size          = 250px
|type                =
|traded_as           =
|industry            = [[Steam engines]], [[Shipbuilding]]
|fate                = Merged with [[Fijenoord]] Shipyard
|successor           = [[Wilton-Fijenoord]]
|founded             = {{start date and age|7 January 1854}} in [[Rotterdam]]{{sfn|Nationaal Archief|1966}}
|founder             = Bartel Wilton
|key_people          =
|hq_location_city    = [[Rotterdam]]
|hq_location_country = [[Netherlands]]
|location            =
|area_served         =
|products            = Ships, Tugboats, Ship repair
|revenue             =
|revenue_year        =
|operating_income    =
|income_year         =
|net_income          =
|net_income_year     =
|assets              =
|equity              =
|equity_year         =
|owner               =
|num_employees       =
|num_employees_year  =
|parent              =
|divisions           =
|subsid              =
|homepage            =
|footnotes           =
|intl                =
}}
'''Wilton's Dok- en Werf Maatschappij''' was a Dutch [[shipyard|shipbuilding company]] active as an independent company from 1854 till 1929. At first it was simply known as 'Wilton'. In 1921 the final Dutch name became: 'Wilton's Dok- en Werf Maatschappij NV', the equivalent of 'Wilton Engineering and Slipway Company'. Wilton started as a traditional smithy and expanded in machinery. It specialized in ship repairs, but also became a shipyard. At first only for fresh water ships. In spite of multiple name changes the company was commonly referred to as 'Wilton'. In 1929 a merger with Fijenoord led to a new company known as [[Wilton-Fijenoord]].
== Founded as a smithy in Rotterdam center ==
Bartel Wilton Sr. (1828-1898) had left Rotterdam to work on a shipyard in London. While there, his old father was living in humble circumstances near the country house of the merchant and regent Abram van Rijckevorsel (1790-1864). Van Rijckevorsel and his friend the shipping magnate Willem Ruys (1837-1901) got an idea to help the old Wilton, who could no longer support himself. They gave Bartel Wilton a loan, so he would return to Rotterdam, and could take over a stove smithy to support himself and his father.{{sfn|Horst, van der |2017|p=Een snelle opkomst van de kapitalistische bedrijfsvoering}}
On 7 January 1854 Bartel Wilton started his business as a house and stove smith at the south side of the Baan in Rotterdam.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:000016013:mpeg21:p004 | work = Nieuwe Rotterdamsche courant| title=Advertentien| date=1 February 1854}}</ref> Bartel had seen modern capitalism in London. He visited ships to get smithy work, and invested the profits in new staff and equipment. After his marriage his wife took care of finance and payments.{{sfn|Horst, van der |2017|p=Een snelle opkomst van de kapitalistische bedrijfsvoering}} In 1856 Bartel advertised his abilities in [[electrogalvanization]], especially for ship parts.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010113087:mpeg21:p004  | work = Nieuwe Rotterdamsche courant| title=Galvaniseren van ijzer| date=22 June 1856}}</ref> In 1865 Wilton's smithy started to use to steam power.{{sfn|Lintsen |1993|p=46}} Wilton's smithy was especially successful in boiler repair. In 1875 the company had 35 employees and hired J. Rijsdijk as administrator.{{sfn|West, van|1954|p=6}}
When the company had grown to a few hundred employees, the smithy on the Baan nr 156 continued to exist. In 1893 Wilton got permission to expand it to the plots Lerengang 12 and 13.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=MMKB04:000165317:mpeg21:p002 | work = De Maasbode| title=Stadsnieuws| date=30 April 1893}}</ref> In 1894 another permit to expand it was requested to the city council.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010167032:mpeg21:p009 | work = Rotterdamsch nieuwsblad| title=Stadsnieuws| date=3 September 1894}}</ref>
== On the Westzeedijk (1876-1904) ==
In 1876 Wilton got a thirty year lease on a piece of land behind the parade ground of the militia on the Westzeedijk. It measured 70 by 110 meter, was located on the Meuse, and is now clearly a part of Rotterdam. At the time the factory was often referred to as lying at 'Schoonderloo', a small village just east of Delfshaven. At the [[Land registration]] the terrain at the Westzeedijk was known as Delfshaven sectie B No 4507.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=MMKB04:000162550:mpeg21:p002 | work = De Maasbode| title=Gemeentezaken| date=3 September 1889}}</ref> All in all a recipe for stating that the factory at the Westzeedijk was in Schoonderloo, or even Delfshaven, while it is now in Rotterdam. In this area a small harbor was constructed with a bank slope, so that ships could be repaired there.{{sfn|West, van|1954|p=7}} Soon the center of gravity of the company shifted to the Westzeedijk.
=== Starts to build engines ===
Wilton was one of several companies that started to construct steam engines and boilers in the 1870s: On 16 September 1876 shipyard van der Kuijl in Slikkerveer launched the iron screw tugboat ''Hendrika Wilhelmina'' for A. Bos in Alblasserdam. The machines were to be made by Wilton.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010100921:mpeg21:p002 | work = Algemeen Handelsblad| title=Binnenland| date=19 September 1876}}</ref> On 20 December 1877 the shipyard Wed. C. Boele en Zonen launched the screw tugboat ''Vooruitgang'' for Johan van der Graaf at Kralingen, the machine was made by Wilton.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010100921:mpeg21:p002 | work = Algemeen Handelsblad| title=Amsterdam, Zaterdag 22 December| date=23 December 1877}}</ref> On 26 January 1878 M. van der Kuyl in Slikkerveer laid down an iron passenger screw steam boat for Wijnands & Co in Groningen. Wilton would build the machines.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010101911:mpeg21:p002 | work = Algemeen Handelsblad| title=Binnenland| date=28 January 1878}}</ref> The ''Burgemeester van Uithuizen'' was launched on 24 May 1878. Van der Kuyl then immediately laid down the Volharding 7 for the Leidsche Stoombootmaatschappij Volharding, also with machines by Wilton.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010102447:mpeg21:p002 | work = Algemeen Handelsblad| title=Binnenland| date=27 May 1878}}</ref> On 9 May 1881 shipyard Gebroeders Pot in [[Bolnes]] laid down an Icebreaker with machinery and boilers by Wilton.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010104018:mpeg21:p002 | work = Algemeen Handelsblad| title=Amsterdam, Dinsdag 10 Mei| date=11 May 1881}}</ref> In 1893 Wilton got orders for a 180&nbsp;hp engine for the ''William Egan &amp; Co III'' built by M. van der Kuil in Slikkerveer.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010166632:mpeg21:p005 | work = Rotterdamsch nieuwsblad| title=Binnneland| date=16 May 1893}}</ref> It would also built the machinery for the following William Egan & Co's that would number up to 18. In 1895 Wilton built the 250&nbsp;ihp machines for the ''Betsy'', the first Dutch steam [[Fishing trawler|trawler]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010994141:mpeg21:p009 | work = Rotterdamsch nieuwsblad| title=Stadsnieuws| date=2 September 1895}}</ref> In 1896 a Wilton company built the engine and boilers for the fishing sloop ''Koningin Wilhelmina''.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=MMSAVL02:000455140:mpeg21:p00003 | work = Vlaardingsche courant| title=Nieuwsberichten| date=11 November 1896}}</ref>
=== Becomes a shipyard ===
On 18 July 1882 Wilton launched its first ship.<ref name=DM23071882>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=MMKB04:000165162:mpeg21:p003 | work = De Maasbode| title=Delfshaven 18 Juli| date=23 July 1882}}</ref> Cf below for more ships built by Wilton. In 1893 the terrain next to the slipway was heightened by 25,000 cubic meters of soil dug out for the harbor of Katendrecht.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010166573:mpeg21:p002 | work = Rotterdamsch nieuwsblad| title=Binnenland| date=3 March 1893}}</ref>
=== Bartel Wilton Jr. joins the company ===
On 24 September 1889 Bartel Wilton and Bartel Wilton Jr. (1863-1938, also known as 'Bart') came to an agreement for joint ownership of and authority over the company. This did not pertain to acts like lending money or offering security. For these Bartel Sr. remained the only authority.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=MMKB08:000147129:mpeg21:p003 | work = Nederlandsche staatscourant| title=Bekendmaking| date=5 November 1889}}</ref>
== On the Westkousdijk (1900) ==
In the 1890s it became clear that Wilton's lease on the terrain at the Westzeedijk would not be continued by the city council.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010177738:mpeg21:p001 | work = Rotterdamsch nieuwsblad| title=Stadsnieuws| date=14 April 1899}}</ref> The terrain would be used to expand the city and to dig out the Parkhaven.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Leven op krediet, anton kröller (1862-1941)|year=2015 |publisher=Prometheus|language=Dutch|page=127|doi=10.17026/dans-23b-n6bf |hdl = 11370/788975a3-7cb6-416b-acb9-d5e8d4947175|last1=Dekker |first1=A.P. }}</ref> Therefore Wilton had acquired a new terrain near Delfshaven in 1894. This terrain was the Ruigeplaat, a shoal in front of Delshaven, that had been dug through to directly connect Delfshaven to the Meuse again. The company acquired the Ruigeplaat for 375,000 guilders.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010167129:mpeg21:p005 | work = Rotterdamsch nieuwsblad| title=Stadsnieuws| date=25 December 1894}}</ref> On the western part of this shoal a new plot for the company was made. It got the address Westkousdijk.
=== Public company Machinefabriek voorheen onder de firma B. Wilton ===
The move to Delfshaven would be combined with bigger plans. On 14 February 1895 the private company was transformed into a limited company with a capital of 300,000 guilders. Bartel Sr. got 296 shares and Bartel Jr. just three. For these they brought in their ownership of the company. Henry Wilton just one share, that he paid in cash. The new company got the name: 'Machinefabriek voorheen onder de firma B. Wilton'.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=MMKB08:000169825:mpeg21:p008 | work = Nederlandsche staatscourant| title=Naamloze Vennootschap| date=26 February 1895}}</ref> The statute of a limited company helped to keep profits in the company and to raise capital. On March 4, 1895, the sons Bart and John Henry Wilton took over their father's part in the business. Bart was a businessman, and John Henry a technician who had been trained as a shipbuilder in Delft.{{sfn|Nationaal Archief|1966}} Bartel Jr. opted for an expansion strategy to profit from the huge growth of the Rotterdam port following the completion of the Nieuwe Waterweg and the economic expansion of Germany. In his vision one should stay ahead of the competition by having the best technical equipment on the most economical place (the Westkousdijk). Bart would prove right in his assessment.{{sfn|West, van|1954|p=11}}
=== Facilities on the Westkousdijk ===
On 3 September 1898, a few weeks before he died, the Bartel Wilton Sr. laid the first stone for a big new factory to build boilers.{{sfn|Nationaal Archief|1966}} In 1902 an electrical power plant was built.{{sfn|West, van|1954|p=12}} The new complex also included a bank slope{{sfn|West, van|1954|p=12}} and an iron [[foundry]]. By 1904 the whole company was concentrated in Delfshaven.{{sfn|Nationaal Archief|1966}} The jewel in the crown was a new floating [[dry dock]] launched in 1907 by [[Swan Hunter|Swan Hunter and Wighan Richardson]]. It had a lift capacity of 7,500 tons, and was 424 feet long. It had three separate independent compartments, that could be uncoupled when the drydock herself had to dock. Its pumps were powered by electricity from shore.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:110559910:mpeg21:p004 | work = De Telegraaf| title=Droogdok| date=16 August 1907}}</ref>
The effect of the dry dock was enormous. The total wages paid by Wilton in 1904 amounted to 594,237 guilders. In 1913 this was 1,819,795 guilders,{{sfn|West, van|1954|p=12}} three times as much in under 10 years. The tonnage of the ships that Wilton repaired showed an even more extreme expansion. On the slipway it grew slowly, but in drydock it exploded to more than ten times the amount on the slipway. In 1911 an agreement with the Nederlandsche Fabriek van Werktuigen en spoorwegmaterieel, later named [[Werkspoor]], resulted in a license to produce Diesel engines for ships.{{sfn|West, van|1954|p=12}} In September 1911 a second floating dock built by Swan Hunter arrived. Measuring 365 by 81 feet,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010108974:mpeg21:p011 | work = Het nieuws van den dag| title=Nieuw Droogdok| date=13 September 1911}}</ref> it was somewhat smaller and lifted 4,200 tons.
{| class="wikitable sortable nowraplinks" width=100%
|+ Ships repaired by Wilton 1907-1913{{sfn|West, van|1954|p=12}}
|-
!
! colspan="2" | Drydock
! colspan="2" | Slipway
|-
! Year
! Ships
! R.T.B.
! Ships
! R.T.B.
|-
| 1907
| &nbsp;&nbsp;55
| 179,956
| &nbsp;&nbsp;95
| 121,604
|-
| 1909
| 198
| 658,405
| &nbsp;&nbsp;99
| 106,718
|-
| 1911
| 313
| 1,050,716
| 146
| 173,630
|-
| 1913
| 490
| 1,644,810
| 114
| 144,423
|}
The Wilhelminadok was a floating dock with a lift capacity of 13,000-14,000t. It was launched in 1915 by the NSM from a special slipway in [[Schellingwoude]] just outside the [[Oranje Locks]], because it was too broad for the [[North Sea Canal]]. It was built in three sections that could be joined, the outside sections having a pointy end. It had three main pumps of 90&nbsp;hp, and three others of 35&nbsp;hp.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010296099:mpeg21:p010 | work = Rotterdamsch nieuwsblad| title=Dok te water gelaten| date=1 September 1915}}</ref> The framework (Dutch: Spantwerk) had been made by [[Werkspoor]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:110548328:mpeg21:p006 | work = De Telegraaf| title=Het Wilhelminadok te water gelaten| date=31 August 1915}}</ref> On 9 September four tugboats began to transport the dock over the Zuiderzee and North Sea to Rotterdam. Flags had been painted on the sides to advert the nationality to submarines.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010296106:mpeg21:p011 | work = Rotterdamsch nieuwsblad | title=Algemeene Commissie tot Steun| date=9 September 1915}}</ref> Later that month the SS Insulinde was the first ship that used the dock.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010296117:mpeg21:p009 | work = Rotterdamsch nieuwsblad| title=De haven| date=22 September 1915}}</ref>
=== World War 1 ===
World War 1 started with some good years for Dutch shipping. Wilton also profited from an increased demand for ship repair caused by mines and torpedoes.{{sfn|West, van|1954|p=12}} In January 1916 the company was hit by a measure of the German government. It forbade the export of multiple kinds of iron, annulling existing contracts. New contracts could be made only at much steeper prices.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010652559:mpeg21:p005| work = Algemeen Handelsblad| title=Uit de metaalindustrie | date=29 January 1916}}</ref>
== In Schiedam (1916) ==
=== Acquisition of grounds in Schiedam ===
During the war the company considered the options for the post war period. The company could make a strategic choice for shipbuilding, advocated by younger brother Ir. Henry Wilton. An alternative strategy was to continue the focus on ship repair. The latter option probably necessitating investments to dock ships of up to 20,000 tons. Bartel Jr opted for the ship repair strategy. It led to the move to [[Schiedam]].{{sfn|West, van|1954|p=14}} The move included an ambition to be able to repair the biggest ocean liners. The latter was supported by the [[Holland America Line]], which foresaw that it would employ very big ships in the near future, and was looking for a docking facility. In 1916 a terrain of 56 ha was bought in Schiedam.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010296212:mpeg21:p009| work = Rotterdamsch nieuwsblad| title=Wilton's bedrijf te Schiedam | date=14 January 1916}}</ref> In 1917 construction of a harbor on the terrain started, but the company did not move to the new grounds till after the war.
=== Expansion Strategy ===
In 1919 the corporate strategy was further expanded. The idea was to be able repair and construct the biggest ships afloat. The company would build a double fixed drydock for building very big ships, the first of its kind in the Netherlands. Its size would permit the simultaneous construction of two ships of 200 m, or 8 ships of 100m each. If this new method of construction would prove effective another fixed drydock would be built for constructing ships of 300 m. A huge floating drydock of 40,000 tons would complete the picture.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=MMKB04:000191916:mpeg21:p003| work = De Maasbode| title=Wilton's Machinefabriek en Scheepswerf | date=21 January 1919}}</ref> For Bartel Jr. the expansion into ship construction went too far, and in 1920 he resigned from his executive position.{{sfn|West, van|1954|p=14}}
=== Facilities in Schiedam ===
The ambition to have a huge floating drydock was realized by buying the floating dock that [[Blohm+Voss|Blohm + Voss]] had started to construct for the [[Austro-Hungarian Navy]]. It was bought in 1919, but it was July 1920 when it arrived in Schiedam. It was 211.8 m long, 51.2 m wide and 16 m high. During transport one of its 6 parts was carried as cargo.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010024938:mpeg21:p003| work = N.R.C.| title=Het 50.000 tons droogdok gehaald | date=12 July 1920}}</ref> From July till April 1921 Wilton worked on completing this floating drydock, spending another 400,000 guilders. In April 1921 the dock was taken into use when it received the [[SS Rotterdam (1908)]] of 36,870t displacement, the biggest Dutch ship. Several government ministers and other dignitaries visited Wilton for the occasion.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010025429:mpeg21:p001| work = N.R.C.| title=Bezoek aan Wilton's droogdok | date=28 April 1921}}</ref> It was one of the decisive moments in Wilton's history.{{sfn|West, van|1954|p=16}}
The fixed construction drydock was also finished in 1921. Such a construction drydock was a novelty. It was not as deep as a regular fixed drydock, because new ships had a shallower draft. Two advantages for the shipyard originated from constructing on a horizontal surface. It made vertical placement of scantlings etc. much easier, and it led to a significant reduction in the cost of moving men and building materials vertically. A third advantage were the reduced cost of launching a ship.{{sfn|West, van|1954|p=16}} The huge warehouse (Scheepsloods) on the new terrain was made of reinforced concrete. At 165 m by 130 m it was supposed to be the largest of its kind in Europe with regard to total surface as well as surface spanned by its concrete arcs.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010654908:mpeg21:p001| work = Algemeen Handelsblad| title=Koninklijk Instituut van Ingenieurs | date=4 June 1921}}</ref>
=== Becomes Wilton's Dok- en Werf Maatschappij N.V. ===
[[File:SS Paris at Wilton in 1926 by Gompers SHI001009706.jpg|thumb|SS Paris in the 46,000 tons dock at Schiedam in 1926]]
In 1921 there was also a financial reorganization. A new public company called Wilton's Dok- en Werf Maatschappij N.V. was founded. It acquired all shares of Wilton's Machinefabriek en Scheepswerf, and in turn emitted shares for 25,000,000 guilders.{{sfn|West, van|1954|p=16}} The HAL got involved in the company by converting a loan into shares.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=MMKB04:000195601:mpeg21:p006| work = De Maasbode| title=Financieele Mededeelingen | date=12 February 1921}}</ref>
The 1918-1929 period was in general profitable for the company, except for a small downturn in 1921 and 1922. From 1920-1928 the number ships in the drydocks grew from 331 to 486 while the tonnage grew from 1,346,896 to 2,506,609 R.T.B. The board of the company had the ambition to bring the ship and engine construction activities of the company to the same height as that of the ship repair activities, but this was not so simple. In ship repair the excellent location, facilities, reputation and skill of her employees put the company ahead of foreign competition and led to good margins. In ship construction the competition was much fiercer.
In October 1925 a newspaper wrote that in a practical sense the yard at Schiedam was not yet in use, and called it a monument for the foolish investments by war profiteers.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:110564611:mpeg21:p005| work = De Telegraaf| title=De Rotterdamsche Scheepsbouw | date=6 October 1925}}</ref> Indeed in 1924 Wilton had received a first significant order from the navy department for {{HNLMS|Soemba|1925|6}}, and in 1925 four ships had been laid down for the KPM, but this was way below the capacity of the location. In 1926 the 233 m long [[SS Paris (1916)|SS Paris]] of 34,570t docked at Schiedam. In 1927 another big ocean liner arrived in Schiedam. It was the [[SS Statendam (1898)]] of 28,291 brt. She had been ordered by the HAL at [[Harland and Wolff]] in 1919. In 1922 construction had been stopped, and the uncompleted hull had been launched in 1924. The HAL then decided to have her finished in Schiedam, where she arrived in 1927.{{sfn|West, van|1954|p=18}}
== Merger with Fijenoord ==
The act of finishing the Statendam kind of completed the transformation of the company, that began to look very much like her competitor Fijenoord.{{sfn|West, van|1954|p=18}} Nevertheless, Wilton still had an advantage in ship repair, and Fijenoord was still ahead in ship construction, especially for the navy.{{sfn|West, van|1954|p=20}} The idea for a merger to combine these strengths started as far back as 1927. In 1929 talks led to an agreement for a financial merger between the companies. Shares in Wilton and shares in Fijenoord were exchanged for shares in a new united company: Dok- en Werf-Maatschappij Wilton-Fijenoord.{{sfn|West, van|1954|p=20}} The ratio between worth of Wilton and Fijenoord was 15.5 : 3.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=MMKB04:000197533:mpeg21:p013| work = De Maasbode| title=Wilton-Fijenoord de Fusievoorstellen | date=1 July 1929}}</ref> It was a clear indication of how Wilton had outgrown the old Fijenoord.
== The Rotterdamsche Sleepdienst ==
The Blauwe Ster (Blue Star) line was a shipping line and tug service between Rotterdam and Amsterdam. In April 1875 it employed the ship Marie of skipper J.H. van Vliet.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010097154:mpeg21:p004 | work = Algemeen Handelsblad| title=Advertentien | date=9 April 1875}}</ref> By 1876 it had 8 kraakschepen, with two more under construction.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010972872:mpeg21:p008 | work = Algemeen Handelsblad| title=De Blauwe Ster | date=18 May 1876}}</ref> By 1879 there seems to have been a daily service between the cities.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:011006365:mpeg21:p002 | work = Rotterdamsch nieuwsblad| title=Advertentiën | date=24 March 1879}}</ref> In March 1884 the Blauwe Ster had 6 tugboats and 18 'kraakschepen'  that could also serve as [[Lighter (barge)|lighters]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:011007896:mpeg21:p001 | work = Rotterdamsch nieuwsblad| title=Binnenland| date=14 March 1884}}</ref> One of the lighters was called Helena.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010146941:mpeg21:p002 | work = Algemeen Handelsblad| title=Politieberichten| date=18 April 1886}}</ref> In early January 1887 the tugboat Paul broke through the ice blocking the inland waterways [[Amstel]], [[Hollandse IJssel]] from Rotterdam to Amsterdam. The Henri followed with six lighters.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010086621:mpeg21:p009 | work = Het nieuws van den dag| title=IJ-Berichten| date=11 January 1887}}</ref> The tugboats Jacob and IJsploeg of the Blauwe Ster also participated in keeping the waterways open. They all used a removable bow to break the ice.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010086638:mpeg21:p015 | work = Het nieuws van den dag| title=Vervolg Nieuwstijdingen| date=31 January 1887}}</ref> It was a bit unclear how the line would redeem the cost of such operations. In February 1891 the line waited till a group of companies came up with enough money to pay for her ice-breaking services.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010145066:mpeg21:p002 | work = Algemeen Handelsblad| title=Dooi en IJsberichten | date=3 February 1891}}</ref> In May 1893 the Blauwe Ster decided to end her activities.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010166631:mpeg21:p005 | work = Rotterdamsch nieuwsblad| title=Stadsnieuws | date=15 May 1893}}</ref>
In March 1894 the public company Rotterdamsche Sleepdienst (Rotterdam Tug services) was founded. The founders were Bartel Wilton Sr, his sons Bartel Wilton jr and John Henry Wilton, and Wilton Engineering and Slipway Company, known as 'Firma B. Wilton' at the time. The family members each deposited 1,000 guilders for one share. The company took 42 shares, and paid for them by bringing in six tugboats; the Paul, Henry, Hugo, Max, James III and Willem.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=MMKB08:000170165:mpeg21:p008 | work = Nederlandsche staatscourant| title=Naamloze Vennoostschap: Rotterdamsche Sleepdienst, te Rotterdam| date=12 April 1894}}</ref>
== Ships built ==
{| class="wikitable sortable nowraplinks" width=100%
|+ Ships built by Wilton
|-
! Ship
! Type
! Launched
! Length
! Beam
! Draught
! Power
! class=unsortable | Notes
|-
| ''Jacob''
| Screw Tugboat
| 18 July 1882
|
|
|
| 80&nbsp;ihp
| First ship built by Wilton. It was built for the tug service of the Blauwe Ster between Amsterdam and Rotterdam.<ref name=DM23071882 />
|-
| ''Bartel''
| Screw Tugboat
| (LD July 1882) 26 April 1883.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.marhisdata.nl/zoeken&s=kronieken&year=1883 |title=Kronieken uit 1883|website=Stichting Maritiem-Hisotirische Databank|language=Dutch}}</ref>
|
|
|
| 100&nbsp;ihp
| Built for the tug service of the Blauwe Ster between Amsterdam and Rotterdam.<ref name=DM23071882/>
|-
| ''Fiat Voluntas I'' <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.debinnenvaart.nl/schip_detail/2412/ |title=FIAT VOLUNTAS I|language=Dutch|website=De binnenvaart}}</ref>
| Screw Tugboat
| 1884
| 29.38
| 5.55
| 2.00
| 330&nbsp;ihp
| Delivered in October 1884.<ref name=AH17031885>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=KBDDD02:000209943:mpeg21:p001 | work = Algemeen Handelsblad| title=De mail| date=17 March 1885}}</ref>
|-
| ''Stad Arnhem''
| Screw Tugboat
| 14 March 1885
|
|
|
|
| Built for the Geldersche Stoomsleepbootmaatschappij.<ref name=AH17031885 />
|-
| ''Union''
| Screw Tugboat
| (LD March 1885) 24 June 1885<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.marhisdata.nl/zoeken&s=kronieken&year=1885 |title=Kronieken uit 1885|website=Stichting Maritiem-Hisotirische Databank|language=Dutch}}</ref>
|
|
|
|
| Sister of ''Fiat Voluntas'' built for J. Visscher from Schiedam<ref name=AH17031885 />
|-
| Unknown
| Screw Tugboat
| Laid down March 1885
|
|
|
|
| Sister of ''Fiat Voluntas'' built for P.W. Hulsman from Rotterdam<ref name=AH17031885 />
|-
| Unknown
| Screw Tugboat
| 7 November 1885
|
|
|
|
| Built for the harbor of [[Bologna]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:011008714:mpeg21:p001 | work = Rotterdamsch nieuwsblad| title=Binnenland| date=10 November 1885}}</ref>
|-
| ''Ideal''
| Screw Tugboat
| 22 September 1886
|
|
|
|
| Built for Stenz & Brückwilder in Mainz.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.marhisdata.nl/zoeken&s=kronieken&year=1886 |title=Kronieken uit 1886|website=Stichting Maritiem-Hisotirische Databank|language=Dutch}}</ref>
|-
| ''Flore''
| Screw Tugboat
| August 1887
|
|
|
|
| Built for Jules Driane & Co from [[Maaseik]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=MMGAVL01:000002176:mpeg21:p002 | work = Venloosch weekblad| title=Binnenlandsch Nieuws| date=13 August 1887}}</ref>
|-
| ''Victoria''
| Screw Tugboat
| 10 March 1888
|
|
|
|
| Built for Otterbeck, Becker and Kiefer in Duisburg.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.marhisdata.nl/zoeken&s=kronieken&year=1888 |title=Kronieken uit 1888|website=Stichting Maritiem-Hisotirische Databank|language=Dutch}}</ref>
|-
| ''Indusrtrie XXIV''
| Screw river cargo ship
| 10 March 1888
|
|
|
| 380&nbsp;ihp
| Built for Oberrheinsiche Schiffahrt-Gesellschaft te Keulen<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.marhisdata.nl/zoeken&s=kronieken&year=1888 |title=Kronieken uit 1888|website=Stichting Maritiem-Hisotirische Databank|language=Dutch}}</ref>
|-
| ''Fiat Voluntas II''
| Screw Tugboat
| 25 August 1888
|
|
|
| 100&nbsp;ihp
| Built for W. van Driel in Opijnen.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.marhisdata.nl/zoeken&s=kronieken&year=1888 |title=Kronieken uit 1888|website=Stichting Maritiem-Hisotirische Databank|language=Dutch}}</ref>
|-
| ''Eugénie''
| Screw Tugboat
| 4 June 1891
|
|
|
| 300&nbsp;ihp
| Built for H. Braakman & Company from Rotterdam for cargo transport from Rotterdam to Antwerpen.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.marhisdata.nl/zoeken&s=kronieken&year=1891 |title=Kronieken uit 1891|website=Stichting Maritiem-Hisotirische Databank|language=Dutch}}</ref>
|-
| ''Admiraal Nelson''
| Screw Tugboat
| 19 September 1891
|
|
|
|
| Built for H. Hasselo from Dordrecht.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010147102:mpeg21:p002 | work = Algemeen Handelsblad| title=Scheepstijdingen| date=22 September 1891}}</ref>
|-
| ''Anna''
| Screw ship
| (LD 9 Feb 1892<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.marhisdata.nl/zoeken&s=kronieken&year=1892 |title=Kronieken uit 1892|website=Stichting Maritiem-Hisotirische Databank|language=Dutch}}</ref>) 30 July 1892
|
|
|
| 550&nbsp;ihp triple compound
| Built for Jos de Poorter and his iron ore transport on the Rhine.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.marhisdata.nl/zoeken&s=kronieken&year=1892 |title=Kronieken uit 1892|website=Stichting Maritiem-Hisotirische Databank|language=Dutch}}</ref>
|-
| Unknown
| Screw Tugboat
| 1893
|
|
|
| 300&nbsp;ihp
| Built for tugging on the Rhine<ref name=RN01011894>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010166829:mpeg21:p001 | work = Rotterdamsch nieuwsblad| title=Stadsnieuws| date=4 January 1894}}</ref>
|-
| Unknown
| Screw Tugboat
| 1893
|
|
|
| 300&nbsp;ihp
| Built for tugging on the Rhine<ref name=RN01011894 />
|-
| Unknown
| Screw Tugboat
| 1893
|
|
|
| 150&nbsp;ihp
| Built for tugging on the Rhine<ref name=RN01011894 />
|-
| Unknown
| Screw cargo ship
| 1893
|
|
|
| 500&nbsp;ihp
| Ship  with 2 screws<ref name=RN01011894 />
|-
| Unknown
| Screw cargo ship
| 1893
|
|
|
| 500&nbsp;ihp
| Ship with 2 screws<ref name=RN01011894 />
|-
| ''Keuchenius''
| Screw Tugboat
| Laid down 22 February 1896
|
|
|
| 125&nbsp;ihp
| Built for J.L. van der Boom from Rotterdam.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:011134736:mpeg21:p002 | work = De Standaard| title=Gemengd Nieuws| date=25 February 1896}}</ref>
|-
| ''Rupel''
| Screw Tugboat
| 1898
|
|
|
| 120&nbsp;ihp
| Built for Th. van Houteghem from Rupelmonde<ref name=NV08021899>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=MMSAVL02:000516022:mpeg21:p00004 | work = Nieuwe Vlaardingsche courant| title=Arrondissements-Rechtbank te Dordrecht| date=8 February 1899}}</ref>
|-
| ''Maria Philomena''
| Screw Tugboat
| 1898
|
|
|
| 600&nbsp;ihp
| Built for F. Giessen from Rotterdam<ref name=NV08021899 />
|-
| ''Swift''
| Screw Tugboat
| 1898
|
|
|
| 150&nbsp;ihp
| Built for Ch. Gillard from Liège<ref name=NV08021899 />
|-
| ''Fram''
| Screw Tugboat
| 1898
| 21 m
| 5 m
|
| 165&nbsp;ihp
| Built for L.G. Vuijk from Rotterdam<ref name=NV08021899 />
|-
| ''Fred Gosselberg van Baden''
| Passenger boat
| 1898
|
|
|
| 120&nbsp;ihp
| Built for Carl Annheiters Erben from Ludwigshafen<ref name=NV08021899 />
|-
| ''Sneek III''
| Cargo boat
| 1898
|
|
|
| 60&nbsp;ihp
| Built for Firma E.S. & C. Sint Martin from Rotterdam<ref name=NV08021899 />
|-
| ''Louisa''
| Cargo boat
| 1898
|
|
|
| 90&nbsp;ihp
| Built for Bank & Handelsvereninging voorheen P.J. Bergen from Venlo<ref name=NV08021899 /> Capacity 80 last.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=MMGAVL01:000005679:mpeg21:p002 | work = Venloosche courant| title=Binnenland| date=30 July 1898}}</ref>
|-
| ''Herman Unger II''
| Screw Tugboat
| LD 1898
|
|
|
| 750&nbsp;ihp
| Built for Herman Unger Ruhrort.<ref name=AH03011899 >{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010162614:mpeg21:p004 | work = Algemeen Handelsblad| title=Schepen in aanbouw op 1 Jan. 1899| date=3 January 1899}}</ref>
|-
| Unknown
| Screw Tugboat
| LD 1898
|
|
|
| 150&nbsp;ihp
| Built for De la Ruye Tiellin from Gent<ref name=AH03011899 />
|-
| Unknown
| Screw Tugboat
| LD 1898
|
|
|
| 140&nbsp;ihp
| Built for M.J. Reynvaan from Utrecht<ref name=AH03011899 />
|-
| Swift II
| Screw Tugboat
| LD 1898
|
|
|
| 200&nbsp;ihp
| Built for Ch. Gillard from Liège<ref name=AH03011899 />
|-
| 2 unknown
| Screw Tugboat
| LD 1898
|
|
|
| 90&nbsp;ihp
| Built for G. de Rycker from Brugge<ref name=AH03011899 />
|-
| unknown
| Screw Tugboat
| LD 1898
|
|
|
| 360&nbsp;ihp
| Built for Kleijmans en Hoogerwerff from Rotterdam<ref name=AH03011899 />
|-
| unknown
| Screw Tugboat
| LD 1898
|
|
|
| 50&nbsp;ihp
| Built for Noord-Afrikaanse Handels Vennootschap from Rotterdam<ref name=AH03011899 />
|-
| unknown
| Screw ship
| LD 1898
|
|
|
| 400&nbsp;ihp
| Built for J.H. Koenigsfeld from Rotterdam<ref name=AH03011899 />
|-
| Unknown
| Screw ship
| LD 1899
|
|
|
|
| Built for E.S. & C. Sint Martin from Rotterdam.<ref name=AH07011900 >{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010162842:mpeg21:p012 | work = Algemeen Handelsblad| title=Schepen in aanbouw op 1 Jan. 1900| date=7 January 1900}}</ref>
|-
| Unknown
| Screw ship
| LD 1899
|
|
|
|
| Built for De la Ruye from [[Merelbeke]].<ref name=AH07011900 />
|-
| Unknown
| Screw ship
| LD 1899
|
|
|
|
| Built for Rijkswaterstaat.<ref name=AH07011900 />
|-
| Unknown
| Screw tugboat
| LD 1899
|
|
|
|
| Built for W. van Driel from Rotterdam.<ref name=AH07011900 />
|-
| 2 Unknown
| Screw tugboat
| LD 1899
|
|
|
|
| Built for Johan Otten & Zoon from Rotterdam.<ref name=AH07011900 />
|-
| ''Cosmopoliet''
| [[Hopper barge|Hopper]]
| LD 1903
|
|
|
|
| <ref name=AH02011904 >{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010647322:mpeg21:p006 | work = Algemeen Handelsblad| title=Schepen in aanbouw op 31 December 1903| date=2 January 1904}}</ref>
|-
| ''Vlaanderen''
| 'Bakkenzuiger'
| LD 1903
|
|
|
|
| <ref name=AH02011904 />
|-
| 2 unknown
| Steam Trawlers
| LD 1903
|
|
|
|
| <ref name=AH02011904 />
|-
| [[HNLMS Soemba (1925)]]
| {{sclass|Flores|gunboat|3}}
| 24 August 1925
| 75.6 m
| 11.5 m
| 3.6 m
| 2,000&nbsp;[[Horsepower#Shaft horsepower|shp]]
| First significant order for the Dutch navy
|-
| Van Goens
| Passenger-freight
| 19 December 1925<ref name=NR20121925>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010028188:mpeg21:p016 | work = N.R.C.| title=Scheepsbouw| date=20 December 1925}}</ref>
| 230 feet
| 38 feet
| 12' 6"
| 775&nbsp;ihp
| Built for the [[Koninklijke Paketvaart-Maatschappij]], machines by Stork, first of 4 identical ships<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010657753:mpeg21:p011 | work = Algemeen Handelsblad| title=Koninkl. Paketv. Maatschappij| date=10 May 1926}}</ref>
|-
| Van Diemen
| Passenger-freight
| 19 December 1925<ref name=NR20121925 />
| 230 feet
| 38 feet
| 12' 6"
| 775&nbsp;ihp
| Built for the Koninklijke Paketvaart-Maatschappij, machines by Stork
|-
| Speelman
| Passenger-freight
| 20 March 1926<ref name=AH22031926>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010657671:mpeg21:p011 | work = Algemeen Handelsblad| title=Koninkl. Paketv. Maatschappij| date=22 March 1926}}</ref>
| 230 feet
| 38 feet
| 12' 6"
| 775&nbsp;ihp
| Built for the Koninklijke Paketvaart-Maatschappij, machines by Stork
|-
| Duymaer van Twist
| Passenger-freight
| 20 March 1926<ref name=AH22031926 />
| 230 feet
| 38 feet
| 12' 6"
| 775&nbsp;ihp
| Built for the Koninklijke Paketvaart-Maatschappij, machines by Stork. Last of four.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010028550:mpeg21:p004 | work = N.R.C.| title=Scheepsbouw| date=28 July 1926}}</ref>
|}
==References==
* {{citation |last=Lintsen |first=H.W. |year=1993 |title=Geschiedenis van de techniek in Nederland. De wording van een moderne samenleving 1800-1890. Deel IV |url=https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/lint011gesc04_01/}}
* {{citation |last=Westerman |first=M. |year=1829 |title=De Nederlandsche Hermes, Tijdschrift voor Koophandel, Zeevaart en Nijverheid (vierde jaargang n1) | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w8vCDw1HqWIC}}
* {{citation |last=Nationaal Archief |year=1966 |title=INVENTARIS VAN HET ARCHIEF VAN WILTON FIJENOORD | url=https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/index/nt00429/07cca7de-61b4-11e3-8e7e-00505693001d}}
* {{citation |last=Horst, van der | first=Han |year=2017|title=Rotterdam, bruid van de Maas: van prehistorie tot nu | isbn=9789035143302 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WW1VDgAAQBAJ}}
* {{citation |last=West, van | first=S. |year=1954|magazine=Wilton Fijenoord Nieuws Jubileumnummer| title=1 April 1977| url=https://schiedam.courant.nu/issue/WF/1954-01-01/edition/0/page/1}}
==Notes==
{{Reflist|2}}
== External links ==
* [https://beeldbank.schiedam.nl/beeld The community archive of Schiedam has a big collection of photo's about Wilton-Fijenoord.]
[[Category:Defunct shipbuilding companies of the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies based in Rotterdam]]
[[Category:History of Schiedam]]