View source for Woodlawn Cemetery (Bronx, New York)

{{Short description|Cemetery in New York City}}
{{Infobox NRHP
| name = Woodlawn Cemetery
| nrhp_type = nhl
| image = Woodlawn north gate jeh.JPG
| caption = Main office building
| image_size = 325px
| location = Webster Avenue and East 233rd Street<br /> [[Woodlawn, Bronx]], [[The Bronx]]
| nearest_city =
| coordinates = {{coord|40|53|21|N|73|52|24|W|display=inline,title}}
| locmapin = New York City#New York#USA
| area =
| built =
| architect =
| architecture =
| added = June 23, 2011
| governing_body =
| designated_nrhp_type = June 23, 2011
| refnum = 11000563
| website = {{URL|thewoodlawncemetery.org}}
| designated_other1 = New York State Register of Historic Places
| designated_other1_num_position = bottom
| designated_other1_number = 00501.001264
| designated_other1_abbr = NYSRHP
| designated_other1_date = June 23, 2011
}}
'''Woodlawn Cemetery''' is one of the largest [[cemetery|cemeteries]] in [[New York City]] and a designated [[National Historic Landmark]]. Located south of [[Woodlawn Heights, Bronx]], New York City,<ref name="CJHughes">{{cite news |last1=Hughes |first1=C. J. |title=Wearing the Green, in More Ways Than One |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/24/realestate/wearing-the-green-in-more-ways-than-one-living-inwoodlawn-the-bronx.html |access-date=August 22, 2020 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=July 21, 2011}}</ref> it has the character of a [[rural cemetery]]. Woodlawn Cemetery opened during the Civil War in 1863,<ref name=official>{{cite web |url=http://www.thewoodlawncemetery.org/ |website=The Woodlawn Cemetery |title=A National Historic Landmark |access-date=November 17, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131116081440/http://www.thewoodlawncemetery.org/ |archive-date=November 16, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> in what was then [[Yonkers]], in an area that was annexed to New York City in 1874.<ref name=encyclopedia>{{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lI5ERUmHf3YC&q=annexed| last=Jackson| first=Kenneth T.| title=Encyclopedia of the City of New York| year=1995| publisher=Yale University Press| location=New Haven & New York| isbn=0-300-18257-0}}</ref> It is notable in part as the final resting place of some well-known figures.
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==Locale and grounds==
[[File:Woodlawn cem Jerrome gate jeh.JPG|thumb|left|Jerome Avenue gate]]
The Cemetery covers more than {{convert|400|acre|ha}}<ref name=official/> and is the resting place for more than 300,000 people. Built on rolling hills, its tree-lined roads lead to some unique memorials, some designed by famous American architects: [[McKim, Mead & White]], [[John Russell Pope]], [[James Gamble Rogers]], [[Cass Gilbert]], [[Carrère and Hastings]], [[Sir Edwin Lutyens]], [[Beatrix Jones Farrand]], and [[John La Farge]]. The cemetery contains seven [[Commonwealth War Graves Commission|Commonwealth war graves]] – six British and Canadian servicemen of [[World War I]] and an airman of the [[Royal Canadian Air Force]] of [[World War II]].<ref name=cwgc>[http://www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead.aspx?cpage=1&sort=name&order=asc "Find War Dead"] {{Webarchive|url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20170322112557/http://www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead.aspx?cpage=1&sort=name&order=asc |date=2017-03-22 }} Commonwealth War Graves Commission. WGC Cemetery Report. Retrieved November 17, 2013.</ref> In 2011, Woodlawn Cemetery was designated a [[National Historic Landmark]], since it shows the transition from the rural cemetery popular at the time of its establishment to the more orderly 20th-century cemetery style.<ref name="NHL designation">{{cite web|title=National Register of Historic Places listings; July 22, 2011|url=http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/listings/20110722.htm|publisher=[[National Park Service]]|date=July 22, 2011|access-date=July 25, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415072126/http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/listings/20110722.htm|archive-date=April 15, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
As of 2007, plot prices at Woodlawn were reported as $200 per square foot, $4,800 for a gravesite for two, and up to $1.5 million for land to build a family mausoleum.<ref>Tom Van Riper, [https://www.forbes.com/2007/10/26/celebrity-wealth-funerals-biz-cx_tvr_1026cemeteries.html America's Most Expensive Cemeteries] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170121130405/http://www.forbes.com/2007/10/26/celebrity-wealth-funerals-biz-cx_tvr_1026cemeteries.html |date=2017-01-21 }}, Forbes.com, October 26, 2007</ref>
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==Burials moved to Woodlawn==
Woodlawn was the destination for many human remains disinterred from cemeteries in more densely populated parts of New York City:<ref>{{cite book |author=Inskeep, Carolee |date=1998 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tIXZvYmOBGIC&q=cavalry+cemetery+reburial&pg=PA53 |title=The Graveyard Shift: A Family Historian's Guide to New York City Cemeteries |publisher=Ancestry Publishing |isbn=0-916489-89-2 |page=xii |access-date=2015-10-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505233254/https://books.google.com/books?id=tIXZvYmOBGIC&pg=PA53&lpg=PA53&dq=cavalry+cemetery+reburial&source=bl&ots=v8vKeFJs3U&sig=cU1B0lMc0hk78wSEW_AFUxVPc8M#PPR12,M1 |archive-date=2016-05-05 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Rutgers Street church graves were moved to Woodlawn. Most graves were re-interred with a stated date of December 20, 1866 into the Rutgers Plot, lots 147–170.{{citation needed|date=November 2013}}
* West Farms Dutch Reformed Church, at Boone Avenue and 172nd Street in [[The Bronx]], had most of its graves moved to Woodlawn Cemetery in 1867 and interred in the Rutgers Plot, Lots 214–221.{{citation needed|date=November 2013}}
* Bensonia Cemetery, also known as "Morrisania Cemetery", was originally a [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] burial ground. The graves were moved to Woodlawn Cemetery with a stated date of April 21, 1871 and re-interred into Lot 3. Public School #138, in [[Bronx|The Bronx]], is now on the site.{{citation needed|date=November 2013}}
* Harlem Church Yard cemetery internees were moved to Woodlawn. Most graves were re-interred with a stated date of August 1, 1871 into the Sycamore Plot, lots 1061–1080.
* Nagle Cemetery remains were moved in November–December 1926 and reinterred in Primrose Plot, Lot 16150. Identities of those interred are apparently unknown.{{citation needed|date=November 2013}}
* The Dyckman-Nagle Burying Ground,<ref>{{cite web|title=Forgotten Cemeteries of Inwood|date=21 September 2008 |url=http://myinwood.net/forgotten-cemeteries-of-inwood/|access-date=2014-10-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015112416/http://myinwood.net/forgotten-cemeteries-of-inwood/|archive-date=2014-10-15|url-status=live}}</ref> West 212th Street at 9th Avenue, in the Borough of [[Manhattan]], was originally established in 1677 and originally contained 417 plots. In 1905, the remains, with the exception of Staats Morris Dyckman<ref>{{cite web|title=Staats/States Dyckman biography|url=http://www.nysm.nysed.gov/albany/bios/d/stdyckman.html#biography|website=New York State Museum|access-date=2014-10-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304111524/http://www.nysm.nysed.gov/albany/bios/d/stdyckman.html#biography|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=live}}</ref> and his family, were removed. By 1927, the Dyckman graves were finally moved to Woodlawn Cemetery. The former Dutch colonial-era cemetery is now a [[207th Street Yard|207th Street subway train yard]].{{citation needed|date=November 2013}}
The fictional cemetery of the Synagogue in Brooklyn in the film ''[[Once Upon a Time in America]]'' is actually located here, renamed "Riverdale Cemetery".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Barber|first=Malcolm|url=http://www.onceuponatimeinamerica.net/resources/locations.pdf|title=''Once Upon A Time In America'' Locations|website=onceuponatimeinamerica.net/|access-date=14 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916184959/http://www.onceuponatimeinamerica.net/resources/locations.pdf|archive-date=16 September 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
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==Notable burials==
{{Main|List of interments at Woodlawn Cemetery (Bronx, New York)}}
Numerous notable persons have been interred at Woodlawn Cemetery including: Chief Justice of the United States [[Charles Evans Hughes]]; influential New York urban planner and builder [[Robert Moses]]; actress [[Cicely Tyson]], aviation pioneer [[Harriet Quimby]], performer, playwright and producer [[George M. Cohan]]; gangster [[Bumpy Johnson]]; authors [[Nellie Bly]], [[Countee Cullen]], [[Clarence Day]], [[Damon Runyon]], [[E.L. Doctorow]], [[Herman Melville]], and [[Dorothy Parker]];<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Shapiro |first1=Laurie Gwen |title=The Improbable Journey of Dorothy Parker's Ashes |url=https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/the-improbable-journey-of-dorothy-parkers-ashes |access-date=6 September 2020 |magazine=The New Yorker |date=4 September 2020}}</ref> musicians [[Irving Berlin]], [[Miles Davis]], [[Felix Pappalardi]], [[Duke Ellington]], [[W. C. Handy]], [[Fritz Kreisler]], [[Pigmeat Markham]], [[King Oliver]], and [[Max Roach]]; singers [[Celia Cruz]] and [[Florence Mills]]; Film director [[Otto Preminger]]; husband and wife magicians [[Alexander Herrmann]] and [[Adelaide Herrmann]]; sportswriter [[Grantland Rice]]; gunfighter and US marshal [[Bat Masterson]]; developer of the [[Rolfing]] body therapy and noted female biochemist [[Ida Rolf]]; and, businessmen such as shipping magnate [[Archibald Gracie]], cosmetics manufacturer [[Richard Hudnut]], America's first self-made millionaire woman [[Madam C. J. Walker]], department store founder [[Rowland Hussey Macy]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Notable People|url=http://www.thewoodlawncemetery.org/history/notable-people/|website=Woodlawn Cemetery|access-date=April 4, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319043731/http://www.thewoodlawncemetery.org/history/notable-people/|archive-date=March 19, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www1.villagevoice.com/nyclife/0312,cooper,42639,15.html |work=Village Voice |title=Neighborhoods: Close-Up on Woodlawn |date=March 14, 2003 |author=Cooper, Rebecca |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060620025229/http://www1.villagevoice.com/nyclife/0312,cooper,42639,15.html |archive-date=June 20, 2006 }}</ref> and variety store mogul [[F. W. Woolworth]]. A large number of New York [[brewer]]s (e.g., the Haffens of [[Haffen Brewing Company]]) are interred there on "Brewer's Row",<ref name="CUNY">{{cite web |url=https://brewingbronx.commons.gc.cuny.edu/the-bronx-brewers/ |title=The Bronx Was Brewing |publisher=[[City University of New York]] |accessdate=June 6, 2021}}</ref> along with a dozen other brewing scions and their families.<ref name="Zimmer">{{cite web
|url=https://brewingbronx.commons.gc.cuny.edu/project/ |title=PROJECT: Final Capstone Project for M.A in New York Studies. |work=The Bronx Was Brewing: A Digital Resource of a Lost Industry |first1=Michelle Hope |last1=Zimmer |publisher=[[City University of New York]] |accessdate=June 6, 2021}}</ref>
==Conservancy==
The Woodlawn Conservancy is a [[501(c)(3)]] associated with Woodlawn Cemetery. It began as the Friends of Woodlawn in 1999.<ref>{{cite book|title=Is the Cemetery Dead?|author=David Charles Sloane|publisher=University of Chicago Press|date=2018|page=143}}</ref> It enhances the mission of Woodlawn through fundraising, educational opportunities and outreach with other non-profits. In 2021, over 40 stones were conserved in a joint effort between the Woodlawn Conservancy, the Friends of the [[Rye African-American Cemetery]], [[World Monuments Fund]], and the [[Jay Heritage Center]].<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://www.wmf.org/blog/bringing-history-life-african-american-cemetery-rye-ny|publisher=World Monuments Fund|title=Bringing History to Life at the African-American Cemetery in Rye, NY|date=June 25, 2021|accessdate=December 15, 2021|author=Dave Thomas}}</ref> The preservation effort was launched to coincide with the new federal [[Juneteenth]] celebration.
==Gallery==
<div align=center><gallery heights="180px" widths="180px">
File:Anna_Bliss_Titanic_Memorial_April_2012.jpg|[[Sinking of the RMS Titanic|Annie Bliss Titanic]] memorial
File:Richard_Hudnut_Monument_November_2008.jpg|[[Richard Hudnut]] Monument
File:Van_Cortlandt_Mausoleum_Frieze_2012.jpg|Van Cortlandt frieze ([[Robert Moses]])
File:Celia Cruz mausoleum.jpg|[[Celia Cruz]]'s mausoleum
File:Sarcophagus_With_Angel_January_2012.jpg|Sarcophagus with angel
File:Enigmatic_Statue_2012.jpg|Déshabillé statue
File:Reisinger_Circle_of_Classical_Columns_February_2009.jpg|Reisinger Monument
File:Ensign_Nathan_Piccirilli_Monument_November_2011.jpg|Nathan Piccirilli Monument
File:Clarence Day Monument 1000.jpg|The monument of [[Clarence Day]]
File:Joe King Oliver Gravesite.jpg|[[King Oliver|Joe "King" Oliver]]'s grave
File:Linden_Tree,_Woodlawn_Cemetery,_Bronx,_NY_-_September_16,_2012.jpg|[[Linden Tree]]
File:White_Oak_Tree,_Woodlawn_Cemetery,_Bronx,_NY_-_September_16,_2012.jpg|[[Quercus alba|White Oak]] Tree
File:F W Woolworth Woodlawn jeh.JPG|[[Frank Winfield Woolworth|Woolworth's]] tomb
</gallery></div>
==See also==
{{Portal|New York City}}
* [[List of burial places of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States]]
* [[List of cemeteries in New York]]
* [[List of cemeteries in the United States]]
* [[List of mausolea]]
* [[List of National Historic Landmarks in New York City]]
* [[List of New York City Landmarks]]
* [[National Register of Historic Places listings in the Bronx]]
* [[Rural Cemetery Act]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{Commons and category|Woodlawn Cemetery (Bronx)}}
* [http://www.thewoodlawncemetery.org Woodlawn Official Page]
* {{Find a Grave cemetery}}
* [http://www.pellegrinlowend.com/woodlawn.html Photographs of graves of famous persons in Woodlawn]
* [http://library.columbia.edu/locations/avery/da/collections/woodlawn.html Woodlawn Cemetery Records] are held by the Drawings and Archives Department of the [[Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library]], [[Columbia University]]
{{National Register of Historic Places listings in the Bronx}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Cemeteries in the Bronx]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in the Bronx]]
[[Category:National Historic Landmarks in New York City]]
[[Category:Cemeteries on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)]]
[[Category:National Register of Historic Places in the Bronx]]
[[Category:1863 establishments in New York (state)]]
[[Category:Burials at Woodlawn Cemetery (Bronx, New York)| ]]
[[Category:Rural cemeteries]]
[[Category:Cemeteries established in the 1860s]]
[[Category:New York State Register of Historic Places in Bronx County]]