View source for Xynoris

'''Saint Xynoris''' is a fictional Christian [[saint]] who was created through a mistranslation.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/literaryblunder00wheagoog|page=[https://archive.org/details/literaryblunder00wheagoog/page/n194 13]|quote=Saint Xynoris.|title=Literary Blunders: A Chapter in the "History of Human Error."|last=Wheatley|first=Henry Benjamin|date=1893|publisher=E. Stock|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k824246|title=Gallica -|website=visualiseur.bnf.fr|access-date=2017-08-16}}</ref> The saint was inadvertently fabricated by [[Baronius|Caesar Baronius]] when he mistranslated the notes of [[John Chrysostom]] while chronicling the oppression of Christians under [[Roman emperor|Roman Emperor]] [[Emperor Julian|Julian]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fD9aAAAAYAAJ&q=Saint+Xynoris&pg=PA54|title=The Academy and Literature|date=1881|publisher=Academy Publishing Company|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Robinson|first=George W.|date=1917|title=Ocium Heinsii|jstor=263343|journal=Classical Philology|volume=12|issue=3|pages=307|doi=10.1086/360108|doi-access=}}</ref>
== Mistranslation and creation ==
In his writings on the [[martyr]]dom of [[Juventinus and Maximinus|Saint Juventinus and Saint Maximinus]], [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|Cardinal]] Caesar Baronius described a "couple" of martyrs in [[Antioch]], which he derived from the works of Saint Chrysostom, who used the [[Greeks|Greek]] word Ζεύγος (couple or pair) to describe the two.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> This word (which is in fact an [[Apellative|apellative noun]]) was incorrectly translated by Baronius into the name new name ''Xynoris'', leading the Cardinal to declare that a female Christian had been martyred in Antioch alongside the two men.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w7UZAQAAIAAJ&q=Saint+Xynoris&pg=PA139|title=The Month|date=1881|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qmNZAAAAYAAJ&q=Saint+Xynoris&pg=PA538|title=A General Dictionary: Historical and Critical: in which a New and Accurate Translation of that of the Celebrated Mr. Bayle, with the Corrections and Observations Printed in the Late Edition at Paris, is Included; and Interspersed with Several Thousand Lives Never Before Published. The Whole Containing the History of the Most Illustrious Persons of All Ages and Nations Particularly Those of Great Britain and Ireland, Distinguished by Their Rank, Actions, Learning and Other Accomplishments. With Reflections on Such Passages of Bayle, as Seem to Favor Scepticism and the Manichee System|last=Bayle|first=Pierre|date=1741|publisher=J. Bettenham|language=en}}</ref> 25 January was the feast date assigned to the saint.<ref name=":3" />
Baronius' error was later discovered and corrected, but the mistake was recorded as an example of [[mistranslation]] in books such as [[Henry B. Wheatley|Henry B. Wheatley's]] [[The History of Human Error|''History of Human Error'']].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/literaryblunders00wheauoft|page=[https://archive.org/details/literaryblunders00wheauoft/page/13 13]|quote=Saint Xynoris.|title=Literary Blunders: A Chapter in the "History of Human Error."|last=Wheatley|first=Henry Benjamin|date=1893|publisher=E. Stock|language=en}}</ref>
== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Fictional Christian saints]]
[[Category:History of translation]]