View source for ZIL-114

{{Short description | Soviet luxury limousine with powerful performance}}
{{Infobox automobile
| name         = ZIL-114
| image        = ZIL-114-limo.jpg
| manufacturer = [[Zavod Imeni Likhacheva]]
| assembly     = Likhachov Plant, [[Moscow]], [[USSR]]
| production   = 1967–1978
| class        = [[Luxury car]]
| layout       = [[FR layout]]
| predecessor  = [[ZIL-111]]
| successor    = [[ZIL-4104]]
| engine       = {{ubl|{{Convert|6959|cc|cuin|1|abbr=on}} ''ZIL-114'' V8|{{convert|300|hp|kW|abbr=on}} SAE Gross|{{Convert |559|Nm|lbft|1|abbr=on}} @ 4400 rpm}}
| transmission = {{ubl|2-speed automatic|3-speed automatic available from April 1975) }}
| wheelbase    = {{convert|3880|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| length       = {{convert|6305|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| width        = {{convert|2068|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| height       = {{convert|1540|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| weight       = {{convert|3085|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}
| related      = [[ZIL-117]]
}}
The '''ZIL-114''' is a [[limousine]] from the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] car manufacturer ''[[Zavod Imeni Likhacheva|ZIL]]'' introduced in 1970{{Sfn|Emery|1982|p=680}} to replace the [[ZIL-111]] series which was gradually becoming out of date.
In almost all respects, the ZIL-114 improved on the 111, 111A and 111G models. The engine, a ZIL-built [[pushrod]] [[V8 engine|V8]], was increased in capacity from {{convert|5,980|cc|cid|1|abbr=on}} to {{convert|6,959|cc|cid|abbr=on}},{{Sfn|Thompson|2008|p=217}} resulting in an increase of power by 30 percent (to 300&nbsp;hp SAE Gross at 4400&nbsp;rpm and {{convert|559|Nm|kg.m lbft|abbr=on|lk=on}} at 2750&nbsp;rpm){{Sfn|Thompson|2008|p=217}} and of maximum speed from approximately {{convert|170|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} to {{convert|200|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}. Transmission was two-speed [[Automatic transmission|automatic]], with hydraulic [[torque converter]]. {{Sfn|Thompson|2008|p=217}} A three-speed gearbox was offered beginning in April 1975.{{Sfn|Thompson|2008|p=217}}
Front suspension was by [[torsion bar]]s.{{Sfn|Thompson|2008|p=217}} Although the rigid rear axle with [[leaf spring]]s was retained, the ZIL-114 saw the replacement of [[drum brake|drums]] by power-assisted [[disc brake]]s (with no fewer than three circuits{{Sfn|Thompson|2008|p=217}}) on all four wheels to cope with the more powerful engine. It was the first Soviet car with four-wheel disc brakes.{{Sfn|Thompson|2008|p=217}} It also had a pedal-operated handbrake.{{Sfn|Thompson|2008|p=217}} There were more [[luxury vehicle|luxury]] appointments than found on previous ZIL models, with such features as [[air conditioning]] added to the furnishings of the [[ZIL-111]]. [[Power window]]s, [[power door locks]], and a remote-control driver's mirror were standard.{{Sfn|Thompson|2008|p=217}} Measuring {{convert|630|cm|in|abbr=on}} long and weighing {{convert|3,085|kg|abbr=on}}, it was also equipped with [[power steering]].{{Sfn|Thompson|2008|p=217}}
The styling was updated somewhat in 1971; with the front end looking similar to that of such cars as the 1966 [[Imperial (automobile)#1966 (Series BY1-M,H)|Imperial]]{{Sfn|Thompson|2008|p=217}} but having different shapes and details.
Small numbers of the 114K, with a cutaway roof to allow occupants to stand, were built.{{Sfn|Thompson|2008|p=217}} Two copies of an [[ambulance]] variant, the 114EA, with a [[sedan delivery]] body and higher roof, were also built.{{Sfn|Thompson|2008|p=217}} The ZiL-114N was reskinned with the body panels of its successor, the ZiL-4104.{{Sfn|Thompson|2008|pp=217–218}}
The 114 continued in limited production until the late 1970s when it was replaced by the even larger and heavier [[ZIL-4104]]. About 150 ZiL-114s were produced.{{Sfn|Thompson|2008|p=217}}
The [[ZIL-117]] was a short-chassis [[Sedan (automobile)|sedan]] version with only five seats and a much shorter wheelbase. It was also available as an unusual four-door [[convertible (car)|convertible]] (like the ZIL-111V).
The ZIL-114 was an [[official state car]] and transported only members of the [[Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union]] and the top leaders of the country, whereas the shorter ZIL-117 was used by secretaries of the [[Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Central Committee]], as well as [[escort vehicle]]s in the motorcade of heads of state, the [[General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union]] and the head of the [[Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union|Council of Ministers]].
In October 1971, the 114 was listed in the [[Guinness World Records|Guinness Book of Records]] as the widest car in production, then from October 1974 to 1976 as the heaviest.<ref name=sveh>Maurice A. Kelly. Russian Motor Vehicles: Soviet Limousines 1930-2003. Veloce Publishing Ltd., 2011, p. 44</ref> A black ZIL-114 is used as the main feature in the video for the world-famous song "[[Pure (Lara Fabian album)|Je t'aime]]" by [[Lara Fabian]].<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211210/13dWY2yDg2s Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20120103043722/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=13dWY2yDg2s&gl=US&hl=en Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite AV media| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=13dWY2yDg2s| title = Lara Fabian - Je t'aime HD | website=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
[[File:1972_Лимузин_ЗИЛ-114_%28СССР%29_%2C_Zil-114_Limousine_%28USSR%29_-_Flickr_-_denizen24.jpg|thumb|right|ZiL-114 (1972) with a different chrome grille]]
==Notes==
{{Reflist}}
==References==
*{{cite encyclopedia|editor-last= Georgano|editor-first= G. N.|editor-link=G.N. Georgano|title= ZIL|page= 680|last= Emery|first= Bill|encyclopedia= The New Encyclopedia of Motorcars — 1885 to the Present|year= 1982|edition= 3rd|publisher= E. P. Dutton|location= New York, NY US}}
*{{cite book|last= Kelly|first= Maurice|title= Russian Motor Vehicles: Soviet Limousines 1930-2003|publisher= Veloce Publishing|location= Dorset, UK|year= 2011|pages= 42–45|isbn= 9781845843007|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sq6DZHm5V0AC}}
*{{cite book|last= Thompson|first= Andy|title= Cars of the Soviet Union|publisher= Haynes Publishing|location= Somerset, UK|year= 2008}}
* инженер Л. Шугуров. Представительские машины // журнал "[[Nauka i Zhizn|Наука и жизнь]]", № 9, 1981. стр.110-113
==External links==
* [http://www.zil-117.ru Trip to the ZIL - 117]
{{ZIL timeline 1960-present}}
[[Category:Cars of Russia]]
[[Category:ZiL vehicles|114]]
[[Category:Luxury vehicles]]
[[Category:1960s cars]]
[[Category:1970s cars]]
[[Category:Cars introduced in 1970]]
[[Category:Soviet automobiles]]
[[Category:Flagship vehicles]]
[[Category:Limousines]]
[[Category:Cars discontinued in 1978]]