View source for Zamak

{{Short description|Metal alloy}}
[[File:Zamak.jpg|thumb|Zamak ingot]]
'''ZAMAK''' (or '''Zamac''', formerly [[trademark]]ed as '''MAZAK'''<ref>{{Citation| title = Zamak Latest Status Info| url = http://tarr.uspto.gov/servlet/tarr?regser=serial&entry=71234673| access-date = 2008-03-02}}</ref>) is an eclectic family of [[alloy]]s with a base metal of [[zinc]] and alloying elements of [[aluminium]], [[magnesium]], and [[copper]].
Zamak alloys are part of the [[zinc aluminum|zinc aluminium]] alloy family; they are distinguished from the other ZA alloys because of their constant 4% aluminium composition.<ref name=eazall/>
The name ''zamak'' is an [[acronym]] of the [[German language|German]] names for the [[metals]] of which the alloys are composed: {{lang|de|Zink}} (zinc), {{lang|de|Aluminium}}, {{lang|de|Magnesium}} and {{lang|de|Kupfer}} (copper).<ref name=eazall/> The [[New Jersey Zinc Company]] developed zamak alloys in 1929.
The most common zamak alloy is zamak 3. Besides that, zamak 2, zamak 5 and zamak 7 are also commercially used.<ref name=eazall>{{Citation | title = Diecasting Alloys| url =http://www.eazall.com/diecastalloys.aspx| access-date = 2008-03-02}}</ref> These alloys are most commonly [[die cast]].<ref name=eazall/> Zamak alloys (particularly #3 and #5) are frequently used in the [[spin casting]] industry.
A large problem with early zinc die casting materials was [[zinc pest]], owing to impurities in the alloys.<ref>{{Citation| last1 = Wanhill| first1 = R.J.H.| last2 = Hattenberg| first2 = T.| title = Corrosion-induced cracking of model train zinc-aluminum die castings| publisher = National Aerospace Laboratory NLR|date = May 2005| id = NLR-TP-2005-205 | url = http://www.nlr.nl/id~4210/lang~en.pdf| archive-date =2011-07-16 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110716065232/http://www.nlr.nl/id~4210/lang~en.pdf | postscript = .}}</ref> Zamak avoided this by the use of 99.99% pure zinc metal, produced by [[New Jersey Zinc Company|New Jersey Zinc's]] use of a [[reflux]]er as part of the [[Zinc refining|refining]] process.
Zamak can be electroplated, wet painted, and [[chromate conversion coating|chromate conversion coated]] well.<ref name=zamak3/>
==Mazak==
In the early 1930s, [[Morris Ashby]] in Britain had licensed the New Jersey zamak alloy. The 99.99%-purity refluxer zinc was not available in Britain and so they acquired the right to manufacture the alloy using a locally available electrolytically refined zinc of 99.95% purity. This was given the name '''Mazak''', partly to distinguish it from zamak and partly from the initials of Morris Ashby. In 1933, [[National Smelting (company)|National Smelting]] licensed the refluxer patent with the intent of using it to produce 99.99% zinc in their plant at [[Avonmouth]].<ref>{{Citation |title=A History of the Zinc Smelting Industry in Britain |first1=E.J. |last1=Cocks |first2=B. |last2=Walters |publisher=Harrap |year=1968 |isbn=0-245-59377-2 | postscript=.}}</ref>
==Standards==
Zinc alloy chemical composition standards are defined per country by the standard listed below:
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Zinc alloy standards per country<ref>{{Citation| title =World wide zinc die casting standards| publisher =Nyrstar| url =http://www.nyrstar.com/en/productsServices/products/zinc/ZincAlloysZamakProducts/ZZ_standards/DieCasting/ZincDieCastingStandardsWorldwide.htm| access-date =2008-02-25}}.</ref>
|-
! Country
! Zinc ingot
! Zinc casting
|-
| Europe
| EN1774
| EN12844
|-
| US
| ASTM B240
| ASTM B86
|-
| Japan
| JIS H2201
| JIS H5301
|-
| Australia
| AS 1881 - SAA H63
| AS 1881 - SAA H64
|-
| China
| GB 8738-88
| -
|-
| Canada
| CSA HZ3
| CSA HZ11
|-
| International
| ISO 301
| -
|}
Zamak goes by many different names based on standard and/or country:
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Various names for zamak alloys
|-
! Traditional name
! Short composition name
! Form
! Common
! ASTM<sup>†</sup>
! Short European designation
! JIS
! China
! UK BS 1004<ref name=note1>Now defunct due to standardization of European countries under EN 1774 & EN 12844.</ref>
! France NFA 55-010<ref name=note1/>
! Germany DIN 1743-2<ref name=note1/>
! UNS
! Other
|-
| rowspan=2| Zamak 2<ref name="b86">{{Citation|title=ASTM B86-04e2|date=2004-10-01|url=https://www.eazall.com/PublicDoc/ZincDie%20CastingPropertiesGuide2012.pdf|access-date=2008-02-10}}</ref><ref name="b240">{{Citation|title=ASTM B240-98|date=1998-05-01|url=https://www.eazall.com/PublicDoc/ZincDie%20CastingPropertiesGuide2012.pdf|access-date=2008-02-10}}</ref> <br />or<br />Kirksite<ref>{{Cite book|last=Semiatin|first=S. L.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ekEe4UwqkVUC|title=ASM Handbook, Volume 14B: Metalworking: Sheet Forming|date=2006|publisher=ASM International|isbn=978-0-87170-710-9|language=en}}</ref>
| rowspan=2| ZnAl4Cu3<ref name=brock/>
| Ingot
| rowspan=2| Alloy 2<ref name=b86/><ref name=b240/>
| style="background:green;color:white;" rowspan=2| AC 43A<ref name=b86/><ref name=b240/>
| ZL0430<ref name=brock>{{Citation| title = Alloy designation - cross reference table | url = http://www.brockmetal.com/downloads/documents/NOGUOHRYMM_designation_and_stress_curves.pdf | access-date = 2010-10-31 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110708094953/http://www.brockmetal.com/downloads/documents/NOGUOHRYMM_designation_and_stress_curves.pdf | url-status = dead | archive-date = 2011-07-08}}</ref>
| rowspan=2| -
| ZX04<ref name=china/>
| rowspan=2| -
| rowspan=2| Z-A4U3<ref name=brock/>
| rowspan=2| Z430<ref name=brock/>
| Z35540<ref name=b240/>
| ZL2, ZA-2, ZN-002<ref name=jinyi/>
|-
| Cast
| ZP0430
| -
| Z35541<ref name=b86/>
| ZP2, ZA-2, ZN-002<ref name=jinyi/>
|-
| rowspan=2| Zamak 3<ref name=b86/><ref name=b240/>
| rowspan=2| ZnAl4<ref name=brock/>
| Ingot
| rowspan=2| Alloy 3<ref name=b86/><ref name=b240/>
| style="background:white" rowspan=2| AG 40A<ref name=b86/><ref name=b240/>
| ZL0400<ref name=brock/>
| Ingot type 2<ref name=jis1>{{Citation| title = JIS H2201 - Japanese Industrial Standard - Zinc alloy ingot for die casting (1999)| url =http://www.nyrstar.com/en/productsServices/products/zinc/ZincAlloysZamakProducts/ZZ_standards/DieCasting/JIS_H2201-Zinc-Alloy-Ingot-for-die-casting.htm  | access-date =2008-02-26}}</ref>
| ZX01<ref name=china/>
| rowspan=2| Alloy A<ref name=brock/>
| rowspan=2| Z-A4<ref name=brock/>
| rowspan=2| Z400<ref name=brock/>
| Z35521<ref name=b240/>
| ZL3, ZA-3, ZN-003<ref name=jinyi/>
|-
| Cast
| ZP0400
| ZDC2<ref name=jis2>{{Citation| title = JIS H5301 - Japanese Industrial Standard - Zinc alloy die casting (1979)| url =http://www.nyrstar.com/en/productsServices/products/zinc/ZincAlloysZamakProducts/ZZ_standards/DieCasting/JIS_H5301-Zinc-Alloy-die-castings.htm | access-date =2008-02-26}}</ref>
| -
| Z33520<ref name=b86/>
| ZP3, ZA-3, ZN-003<ref name=jinyi/>
|-
| Zamak 4<ref>{{Citation| title = zamak 4 (Alloy 4)| url =http://www.nyrstar.com/en/productsServices/products/zinc/ZincAlloysZamakProducts/Zinc-Diecasting-Product-Zamak4-GZ4/Zamak4-GZ4-ZincAlloyForHotChamberDieCasting.htm
| access-date = 2008-03-01}}</ref>
|
| Ingot
| colspan=9| Used in Asia only
| ZA-4, ZN-004<ref name=jinyi/>
|-
| rowspan=2| Zamak 5<ref name=b86/><ref name=b240/>
| rowspan=2| ZnAl4Cu1<ref name=brock/>
| Ingot
| rowspan=2| Alloy 5<ref name=b86/><ref name=b240/>
| style="background:black; color:white" rowspan=2| AC 41A<ref name=b86/><ref name=b240/>
| ZL0410<ref name=brock/>
| Ingot type 1<ref name=jis1/>
| ZX03<ref name=china/>
| rowspan=2| Alloy B<ref name=brock/>
| rowspan=2| Z-A4UI<ref name=brock/>
| rowspan=2| Z410<ref name=brock/>
| Z35530<ref name=b240/>
| ZL5, ZA-5, ZN-005<ref name=jinyi/>
|-
| Cast
| ZP0410
| ZDC1<ref name=jis2/>
| -
| Z35531<ref name=b86/>
| ZP5, ZA-5, ZN-005<ref name=jinyi/>
|-
| rowspan=2| Zamak 7<ref name=b86/><ref name=b240/>
| rowspan=2| ZnAl4Ni<ref name=china/>
| Ingot
| rowspan=2| Alloy 7<ref name=b86/><ref name=b240/>
| style="background:brown;color:white;" rowspan=2| AG 40B<ref name=b86/><ref name=b240/>
| rowspan=2| -
| rowspan=2| -
| ZX02<ref name=china/>
| rowspan=2| -
| rowspan=2| -
| rowspan=2| -
| Z33522<ref name=b240/>
| rowspan=2|ZA-7, ZN-007<ref name=jinyi/>
|-
| Cast
| -
| Z33523<ref name=b86/>
|-
| colspan=12 | <sup>†</sup>color of the cell is the color of the material designated by ASTM B908.<ref name=eazall/>
|}
The short European designation code breaks down as follows (using ZL0430 as the example):<ref name=brock/>
* Z is the material (Z = zinc)
* P is the use (P = pressure die casting (casting), L = ingot)
* 04 is the percent aluminum (04 = 4% aluminum)
* 3 is the percent copper (3 = 3% copper)
==Zamak 2==<!-- [[Kirksite]] redirects here -->
Zamak 2 has the same composition as zamak 3 with the addition of 3% copper in order to increase strength by 20%, which also increases the price. Zamak 2 has the greatest strength out of all the zamak alloys. Over time it retains its strength and hardness better than the other alloys; however, it becomes more brittle, shrinks, and is less elastic.<ref name=zamak2/>
Zamak 2 is also known as '''Kirksite''' when gravity cast for use as a [[die (manufacturing)|die]].<ref name=eazall/><ref name="husite.biz">{{Citation| title = Husite Engineering - Benefits of Cast Kirksite Tooling| url = http://husite.biz/kirksite.html| access-date = April 19, 2011| archive-date = March 1, 2022| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220301180438/https://husite.biz/kirksite.html| url-status = dead}}</ref> It was originally designed for low volume sheet metal dies.<ref name=armstrong>{{Citation| first1 = Paul J. | last1 = Armstrong | first2 = Bill | last2 = Petch | title = Cast Kirksite Re-Emerges as RT Approach for Molding Plastics| url = http://www.armstrongmold.com/pages/kirksitearticle.html|access-date=2008-03-15}}.</ref><ref>Parker, Dana T. ''Building Victory: Aircraft Manufacturing in the Los Angeles Area in World War II,'' p. 86, 119, 120, Cypress, CA, 2013. {{ISBN|978-0-9897906-0-4}}.</ref> It later gained popularity for making short run [[injection molding]] dies.<ref name=armstrong/> It is also less commonly used for non-sparking tools and [[mandrel]]s for metal spinning.
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Zamak 2 composition per standard
! colspan=2|
! colspan=3|Alloying elements
! colspan=8|Impurities
|-
! Standard
! Limit
! Al
! Cu
! Mg
! Pb
! Cd
! Sn
! Fe
! Ni
! Si
! In
! Tl
|-
| rowspan=2|ASTM B240<ref name=b240-2/> (Ingot)
| min
| 3.9
| 2.6
| 0.025
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
| max
| 4.3
| 2.9
| 0.05
| 0.004
| 0.003
| 0.002
| 0.075
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
| rowspan=2|ASTM B86<ref name=b86-2/> (Cast)
| min
| 3.5
| 2.6
| 0.025
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
| max
| 4.3
| 2.9
| 0.05
| 0.005
| 0.004
| 0.003
| 0.1
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
| rowspan=2|EN1774<ref name=en1774/> (Ingot)
| min
| 3.8
| 2.7
| 0.035
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
| max
| 4.2
| 3.3
| 0.06
| 0.003
| 0.003
| 0.001
| 0.02
| 0.001
| 0.02
| -
| -
|-
| rowspan=2|EN12844<ref name=en12844/> (Cast)
| min
| 3.7
| 2.7
| 0.025
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
| max
| 4.3
| 3.3
| 0.06
| 0.005
| 0.005
| 0.002
| 0.05
| 0.02
| 0.03
| -
| -
|-
| rowspan=2|GB8738-88<ref name=china/>
| min
| 3.9
| 2.6
| 0.03
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
| max
| 4.3
| 3.1
| 0.06
| 0.004
| 0.003
| 0.0015
| 0.035
| -
| -
| -
| -
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Zamak 2 properties<ref name=zamak2>{{Citation| title = ZL2/ZL0430/ZnAl4Cu3 (Zamak 2)| url =http://www.nyrstar.com/en/productsServices/products/zinc/ZincAlloysZamakProducts/Zinc-Diecasting-Product-ZL0430-ZL2-Zamak2-GZ2-EDZA2-Alloy2-Overcor2/ZL0430-ZL2-ZnAl4Cu3-ZP0430-ZP2-Zamak2-Zamak-2-Z430-ZincAlloyforhotchamberdiecasting.htm | access-date = 2008-02-29}}</ref>
|-
! Property
! Metric value
! Imperial value
|-
! colspan=3| Mechanical properties
|-
| Ultimate tensile strength
| 397 MPa (331 MPa aged)
| 58,000 psi
|-
| Yield strength (0.2% offset)
| 361 MPa
| 52,000 psi
|-
| Impact strength
| 38 J (7 J aged)
| 28&nbsp;ft-lbf (5&nbsp;ft-lbf aged)
|-
| Elongation at F<sub>max</sub>
| colspan=2 align="center"| 3% (2% aged)
|-
| Elongation at fracture
| colspan=2 align="center"| 6%
|-
| Shear strength
| 317 MPa
| 46,000 psi
|-
| Compressive yield strength
| 641 MPa
| 93,000 psi
|-
| Fatigue strength (reverse bending 5x10<sup>8</sup> cycles)
| 59 MPa
| 8,600 psi
|-
| Hardness
| colspan=2 align="center"| 130 Brinell (98 Brinell aged)
|-
| Modulus of elasticity
| 96 GPa
| 14,000,000 psi
|-
! colspan=3| Physical properties
|-
| Solidification range (melting range)
| 379–390&nbsp;°C
| 714–734&nbsp;°F
|-
| Density
| 6.8&nbsp;kg/dm<sup>3</sup>
| 0.25&nbsp;lb/in<sup>3</sup>
|-
| Coefficient of thermal expansion
| 27.8 μm/m-°C
| 15.4 μin/in-°F
|-
| Thermal conductivity
| 105 W/m-K
| 729 BTU-in/hr-ft<sup>2</sup>-°F
|-
| Electrical resistivity
| 6.85 μΩ-cm at 20&nbsp;°C
| 2.70 μΩ-in at 68&nbsp;°F
|-
| Latent heat (heat of fusion)
| 110 J/g
| 4.7x10<sup>−5</sup> BTU/lb
|-
| Specific heat capacity
| 419 J/kg-°C
| 0.100 BTU/lb-°F
|-
| Coefficient of friction
| colspan=2 align="center"| 0.08
|}
===KS===
The KS alloy was developed for spin casting decorative parts. It has the same composition as zamak 2, except with more magnesium in order to produce finer grains and reduce the [[orange peel (effect)|orange peel]] effect.<ref name="ks" />
{| class="wikitable"
|+ KS composition<ref name=ks/>
! colspan=2|
! colspan=3|Alloying elements
! colspan=8|Impurities
|-
! Standard
! Limit
! Al
! Cu
! Mg
! Pb
! Cd
! Sn
! Fe
! Ni
! Si
! In
! Tl
|-
| rowspan=2|Nyrstar
| min
| 3.8
| 2.5
| 0.4
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
| max
| 4.2
| 3.5
| 0.6
| 0.003
| 0.003
| 0.001
| 0.020
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ KS properties<ref name=ks>{{Citation| title = KS (spin casting alloy)| url=http://www.nyrstar.com/nyrstar/en/products/zincdiecast/techdownloads/4520525 | access-date=2008-03-15}}</ref>
|-
! Property
! Metric value
! Imperial value
|-
! colspan=3| Mechanical properties
|-
| Ultimate tensile strength
| < 200 MPa
| < 29,000 psi
|-
| Yield strength (0.2% offset)
| < 200 MPa
| < 29,000 psi
|-
| Elongation
| colspan=2 align="center"| < 2%
|-
| Hardness
| colspan=2 align="center"| 150 Brinell max
|-
! colspan=3| Physical properties
|-
| Solidification range (melting range)
| 380—390&nbsp;°C
| 716—734&nbsp;°F
|-
| Density
| 6.6 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
| 0.25&nbsp;lb/in<sup>3</sup>
|-
| Coefficient of thermal expansion
| 28.0 μm/m-°C
| 15.4 μin/in-°F
|-
| Thermal conductivity
| 105 W/m-K
| 729 BTU-in/hr-ft<sup>2</sup>-°F
|-
| Electrical conductivity
| colspan=2 align="center"| 25% IACS
|-
| Specific heat capacity
| 419 J/kg-°C
| 0.100 BTU/lb-°F
|-
| Coefficient of friction
| colspan=2 align="center"| 0.08
|}
==Zamak 3==
Zamak 3 is the [[de facto standard]] for the zamak series of zinc alloys; all other zinc alloys are compared to this. Zamak 3 has the base composition for the zamak alloys (96% zinc, 4% aluminum). It has excellent castability and long term dimensional stability. More than 70% of all North American zinc die castings are made from zamak 3.<ref name=eazall/>
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Zamak 3 composition per standard
! colspan=2|
! colspan=3|Alloying elements
! colspan=8|Impurities
|-
! Standard
! Limit
! Al
! Cu<sup>†</sup>
! Mg
! Pb
! Cd
! Sn
! Fe
! Ni
! Si
! In
! Tl
|-
| rowspan=2|ASTM B240<ref name=b240-2>{{Citation| title = ASTM B240: Standard specification for zinc in ingot form for die casting: chemical composition| url =http://www.nyrstar.com/en/productsServices/products/zinc/ZincAlloysZamakProducts/ZZ_standards/DieCasting/ASTMB240-zamak-and-zincdiecastingstandard-zincalloysUSA.htm
| access-date =2008-02-27}}</ref> (Ingot)
| min
| 3.9
| -
| 0.025
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
| max
| 4.3
| 0.1
| 0.05
| 0.004
| 0.003
| 0.002
| 0.035
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
| rowspan=2|ASTM B86<ref name=b86-2>{{Citation| title = ASTM B86: Standard specification for zinc die casting: chemical composition| url =http://www.nyrstar.com/en/productsServices/products/zinc/ZincAlloysZamakProducts/ZZ_standards/DieCasting/ASTMB86-zamak-and-zincdiecastingstandard-zincalloysUSA.htm
| access-date =2008-02-27}}</ref> (Cast)
| min
| 3.5
| -
| 0.025
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
| max
| 4.3
| 0.25
| 0.05
| 0.005
| 0.004
| 0.003
| 0.1
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
| rowspan=2|EN1774<ref name=en1774>{{Citation| title = EN1774 Standard - zinc and zinc alloys - alloys for foundry purposes - ingot and liquid| url =http://www.nyrstar.com/en/productsServices/products/zinc/ZincAlloysZamakProducts/ZZ_standards/DieCasting/EN1774-zamak-and-zincdiecastingstandard-Alloys-for-foundry-purposes-ingot-and-liquid.htm
| access-date =2008-02-27}}</ref> (Ingot)
| min
| 3.8
| -
| 0.035
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
| max
| 4.2
| 0.03
| 0.06
| 0.003
| 0.003
| 0.001
| 0.02
| 0.001
| 0.02
| -
| -
|-
| rowspan=2|EN12844<ref name=en12844>{{Citation| title = EN12844: Standard - zinc and zinc alloys - castings - specification (September 1998)| url =http://www.nyrstar.com/en/productsServices/products/zinc/ZincAlloysZamakProducts/ZZ_standards/DieCasting/EN12844-zamak-zincdiecastingstandard-zinc-and-zinc-alloys-castings-specifications.htm
| access-date =2008-02-27}}</ref> (Cast)
| min
| 3.7
| -
| 0.025
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
| max
| 4.3
| 0.1
| 0.06
| 0.005
| 0.005
| 0.002
| 0.05
| 0.02
| 0.03
| -
| -
|-
| rowspan=2|JIS H2201<ref name=jis1/> (Ingot)
| min
| 3.9
| -
| 0.03
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
| max
| 4.3
| 0.03
| 0.06
| 0.003
| 0.002
| 0.001
| 0.075
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
| rowspan=2|JIS H5301<ref name=jis2/> (Cast)
| min
| 3.5
| -
| 0.02
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
| max
| 4.3
| 0.25
| 0.06
| 0.005
| 0.004
| 0.003
| 0.01
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
| rowspan=2|AS1881<ref name=as1881>{{Citation| title = AS1881 - Australia standard - Zinc alloys - casting ingots and casting requirements (1986)| url =http://www.nyrstar.com/en/productsServices/products/zinc/ZincAlloysZamakProducts/ZZ_standards/DieCasting/AS1881-1986-Zinc-Alloys-Casting-ingots-and-castings-quaility-requirements.htm
| access-date =2008-02-27}}</ref>
| min
| 3.9
| -
| 0.04
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
| max
| 4.3
| 0.03
| 0.06
| 0.003
| 0.003
| 0.001
| 0.05
| -
| 0.001
| 0.0005
| 0.001
|-
| rowspan=2|GB8738-88<ref name=china>{{Citation| title = GB8738 - Chinese standard: zinc alloys ingots for casting (2006)| url =http://www.nyrstar.com/en/productsServices/products/zinc/ZincAlloysZamakProducts/ZZ_standards/DieCasting/GB8738-88-Zinc-Alloys-Casting-ingots-and-castings-quaility-requirements.htm
| access-date =2008-02-27}}</ref>
| min
| 3.9
| -
| 0.03
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
| max
| 4.3
| 0.1
| 0.06
| 0.004
| 0.003
| 0.0015
| 0.035
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
| colspan=13| <sup>†</sup>Impurity
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Zamak 3 properties<ref name=zamak3>{{Citation| title = ZL3/ZL0400/ZnAl4 (Zamak 3)| url = http://www.nyrstar.com/en/productsServices/products/zinc/ZincAlloysZamakProducts/Zinc-Diecasting-Product-ZL0400-ZL3-Zamak3-GZ3-EDZA3-Alloy5-OVERCOR3/ZL0400-ZL3-ZnAl4-ZP0400-ZP3-Zamak3-Zamak-3-Z400-ZincAlloyForHotChamberDieCasting.htm
| access-date = 2008-02-29}}</ref>
|-
! Property
! Metric value
! Imperial value
|-
! colspan=3| Mechanical properties
|-
| Ultimate tensile strength
| 268 MPa
| 38,900 psi
|-
| Yield strength (0.2% offset)
| 208 MPa
| 30,200 psi
|-
| Impact strength
| 46 J (56 J aged)
| 34&nbsp;ft-lbf (41&nbsp;ft-lbf aged)
|-
| Elongation at F<sub>max</sub>
| colspan=2 align="center"| 3%
|-
| Elongation at fracture
| colspan=2 align="center"| 6.3% (16% aged)
|-
| Shear strength
| 214 MPa
| 31,000 psi
|-
| Compressive yield strength
| 414 MPa
| 60,000 psi
|-
| Fatigue strength (reverse bending 5x10<sup>8</sup> cycles)
| 48 MPa
| 7,000 psi
|-
| Hardness
| colspan=2 align="center"| 97 Brinell
|-
| Modulus of elasticity
| 96 GPa
| 14,000,000 psi
|-
! colspan=3| Physical properties
|-
| Solidification range (melting range)
| 381—387&nbsp;°C
| 718—729&nbsp;°F
|-
| Density
| 6.7 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
| 0.24&nbsp;lb/in<sup>3</sup>
|-
| Coefficient of thermal expansion
| 27.4 μm/m-°C
| 15.2 μin/in-°F
|-
| Thermal conductivity
| 113 W/mK
| 784 BTU-in/hr-ft<sup>2</sup>-°F
|-
| Electrical resistivity
| 6.37 μΩ-cm at 20&nbsp;°C
| 2.51 μΩ-in at 68&nbsp;°F
|-
| Latent heat (heat of fusion)
| 110 J/g
| 4.7x10<sup>−5</sup> BTU/lb
|-
| Specific heat capacity
| 419 J/kg-°C
| 0.100 BTU/lb-°F
|-
| Coefficient of friction
| colspan=2 align="center"| 0.07
|}
==Zamak 4==
Zamak 4 was developed for the Asian markets to reduce the effects of [[die soldering]] while maintaining the ductility of zamak 3. This was achieved by using half the amount of copper from the zamak 5 composition.<ref name=zamak4>{{Citation| title = zamak 4 (Alloy 4)| url=http://www.nyrstar.com/en/productsServices/products/zinc/ZincAlloysZamakProducts/Zinc-Diecasting-Product-Zamak4-GZ4/Zamak4-GZ4-ZincAlloyForHotChamberDieCasting.htm| access-date = 2008-03-09}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Zamak 4 composition per standard
! colspan=2|
! colspan=3|Alloying elements
! colspan=8|Impurities
|-
! Standard
! Limit
! Al
! Cu
! Mg
! Pb
! Cd
! Sn
! Fe
! Ni
! Si
! In
! Tl
|-
| rowspan=2|Ningbo Jinyi Alloy Material Co.<ref name=jinyi>{{Citation| title = ZN-004| url = http://www.jinyialloy.com/en/productsmore.asp?id=8| access-date = 2008-03-01| archive-date = 2012-02-10| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120210184957/http://www.jinyialloy.com/en/productsmore.asp?id=8| url-status = dead}}</ref>
| min
| 3.9
| 0.3
| 0.03
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
| max
| 4.3
| 0.5
| 0.06
| 0.003
| 0.002
| 0.002
| 0.075
| -
| -
| -
| -
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Zamak 4 properties
|-
! Property
! Metric value
! Imperial value
|-
! colspan=3| Mechanical properties<ref>[https://www.eazall.com/PublicDoc/ZincDie%20CastingPropertiesGuide2012.pdf]{{Citation|title=Zinc alloy mechanical characteristics|url=http://www.jinyialloy.com/en/productsmore.asp?id=6|access-date=2008-03-01|archive-date=2012-02-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210185003/http://www.jinyialloy.com/en/productsmore.asp?id=6|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| Ultimate tensile strength
| 317 MPa
| 46,000 psi
|-
| Yield strength (0.2% offset)
| 221—269 MPa
| 32,000—39,000 psi
|-
| Impact strength
| 61 J (7 J aged)
| 45&nbsp;ft-lbf (5&nbsp;ft-lbf aged)
|-
| Elongation
| colspan=2 align="center"| 7%
|-
| Shear strength
| 214—262 MPa
| 31,000—38,000 psi
|-
| Compressive yield strength
| 414—600 MPa
| 60,000—87,000 psi
|-
| Fatigue strength (rotary bending 5x10<sup>8</sup> cycles)
| 48—57 MPa
| 7,000—8,300 psi
|-
| Hardness
| colspan=2 align="center"| 91 Brinell
|-
! colspan=3| Physical properties<ref>[https://www.eazall.com/PublicDoc/ZincDie%20CastingPropertiesGuide2012.pdf]{{Citation|title=Zinc alloy physical characteristics|url=http://www.jinyialloy.com/en/productsmore.asp?id=7|access-date=2008-03-01|archive-date=2012-02-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210185008/http://www.jinyialloy.com/en/productsmore.asp?id=7|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| Solidification range (melting range)
| 380—386&nbsp;°C
| 716—727&nbsp;°F
|-
| Density
| 6.6 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
| 0.24&nbsp;lb/in<sup>3</sup>
|-
| Coefficient of thermal expansion
| 27.4 μm/m-°C
| 15.2 μin/in-°F
|-
| Thermal conductivity
| 108.9—113.0 W/m-K @ 100&nbsp;°C
| 755.6—784.0 BTU-in/hr-ft<sup>2</sup>-°F @ 212&nbsp;°F
|-
| Electrical conductivity
| colspan=2 align="center"| 26-27% IACS
|-
| Specific heat capacity
| 418.7 J/kg-°C
| 0.100 BTU/lb-°F
|}
==Zamak 5==
Zamak 5 has the same composition as zamak 3 with the addition of 1% copper in order to increase strength (by approximately 10%<ref name=zamak2/>), [[hardness]] and corrosive resistance, but reduces [[ductility]].<ref name=zamak5/> It also has less dimensional accuracy.<ref name=zamak5/> Zamak 5 is more commonly used in Europe.<ref name=eazall/>
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Zamak 5 composition per standard
! colspan=2|
! colspan=3|Alloying elements
! colspan=8|Impurities
|-
! Standard
! Limit
! Al
! Cu
! Mg
! Pb
! Cd
! Sn
! Fe
! Ni
! Si
! In
! Tl
! Zn
|-
| rowspan=2|ASTM B240<ref name=b240-2/> (Ingot)
| min
| 3.9
| 0.75
| 0.03
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
| max
| 4.3
| 1.25
| 0.06
| 0.004
| 0.003
| 0.002
| 0.075
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
| rowspan=2|ASTM B86<ref name=b86-2/> (Cast)
| min
| 3.5
| 0.75
| 0.03
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
| max
| 4.3
| 1.25
| 0.06
| 0.005
| 0.004
| 0.003
| 0.1
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
| rowspan=2|EN1774<ref name=en1774/> (Ingot)
| min
| 3.8
| 0.7
| 0.035
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
| max
| 4.2
| 1.1
| 0.06
| 0.003
| 0.003
| 0.001
| 0.02
| 0.001
| 0.02
| -
| -
|-
| rowspan=2|EN12844<ref name=en12844/> (Cast)
| min
| 3.7
| 0.7
| 0.025
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
| max
| 4.3
| 1.2
| 0.06
| 0.005
| 0.005
| 0.002
| 0.05
| 0.02
| 0.03
| -
| -
|-
| rowspan=2|JIS H2201<ref name=jis1/> (Ingot)
| min
| 3.9
| 0.75
| 0.03
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
| max
| 4.3
| 1.25
| 0.06
| 0.003
| 0.002
| 0.001
| 0.075
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
| rowspan=2|JIS H5301<ref name=jis2/> (Cast)
| min
| 3.5
| 0.75
| 0.02
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
| max
| 4.3
| 1.25
| 0.06
| 0.005
| 0.004
| 0.003
| 0.01
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
| rowspan=2|AS1881<ref name=as1881/>
| min
| 3.9
| 0.75
| 0.04
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
| max
| 4.3
| 1.25
| 0.06
| 0.003
| 0.003
| 0.001
| 0.05
| -
| 0.001
| 0.0005
| 0.001
|-
| rowspan=2|GB8738-88<ref name=china/>
| min
| 3.9
| 0.7
| 0.03
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
| max
| 4.3
| 1.1
| 0.06
| 0.004
| 0.003
| 0.0015
| 0.035
| -
| -
| -
| -
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Zamak 5 properties<ref name="zamak5">{{Citation|title=Zinc Die Casting Alloy Guide|url=https://www.eazall.com/PublicDoc/ZincDie%20CastingPropertiesGuide2012.pdf|access-date=2008-02-29}}</ref>
|-
! Property
! Metric value
! Imperial value
|-
! colspan=3| Mechanical properties
|-
| Ultimate tensile strength
| 331 MPa (270 MPa aged)
| 48,000 psi (39,000 psi aged)
|-
| Yield strength (0.2% offset)
| 295 MPa
| 43,000 psi
|-
| Impact strength
| 52 J (56 J aged)
| 38&nbsp;ft-lbf (41&nbsp;ft-lbf aged)
|-
| Elongation at F<sub>max</sub>
| colspan=2 align="center"| 2%
|-
| Elongation at fracture
| colspan=2 align="center"| 3.6% (13% aged)
|-
| Shear strength
| 262 MPa
| 38,000 psi
|-
| Compressive yield strength
| 600 MPa
| 87,000 psi
|-
| Fatigue strength (reverse bending 5x10<sup>8</sup> cycles)
| 57 MPa
| 8,300 psi
|-
| Hardness
| colspan=2 align="center"| 91 Brinell
|-
| Modulus of elasticity
| 96 GPa
| 14,000,000 psi
|-
! colspan=3| Physical properties
|-
| Solidification range (melting range)
| 380—386&nbsp;°C
| 716—727&nbsp;°F
|-
| Density
| 6.7&nbsp;kg/dm<sup>3</sup>
| 0.24&nbsp;lb/in<sup>3</sup>
|-
| Coefficient of thermal expansion
| 27.4 μm/m-°C
| 15.2 μin/in-°F
|-
| Thermal conductivity
| 109 W/mK
| 756 BTU-in/hr-ft<sup>2</sup>-°F
|-
| Electrical resistivity
| 6.54 μΩ-cm at 20&nbsp;°C
| 2.57 μΩ-in at 68&nbsp;°F
|-
| Latent heat (heat of fusion)
| 110 J/g
| 4.7x10<sup>−5</sup> BTU/lb
|-
| Specific heat capacity
| 419 J/kg-°C
| 0.100 BTU/lb-°F
|-
| Coefficient of friction
| colspan=2 align="center"| 0.08
|}
==Zamak 7==
Zamak 7 has less magnesium than zamak 3 to increase fluidity and ductility, which is especially useful when casting thin wall components. In order to reduce inter-granular corrosion a small amount of nickel is added and impurities are more strictly controlled.<ref name=eazall/>
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Zamak 7 composition per standard
! colspan=2|
! colspan=3|Alloying elements
! colspan=8|Impurities
|-
! Standard
! Limit
! Al
! Cu<sup>†</sup>
! Mg
! Pb
! Cd
! Sn
! Fe
! Ni<sup>‡</sup>
! Si
! In
! Tl
|-
| rowspan=2|ASTM B240<ref name=b240-2/> (Ingot)
| min
| 3.9
| -
| 0.01
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
| max
| 4.3
| 0.1
| 0.02
| 0.002
| 0.002
| 0.001
| 0.075
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
| rowspan=2|ASTM B86<ref name=b86-2/> (Cast)
| min
| 3.5
| -
| 0.005
| -
| -
| -
| -
| 0.005
| -
| -
| -
|-
| max
| 4.3
| 0.25
| 0.02
| 0.003
| 0.002
| 0.001
| 0.075
| 0.02
| -
| -
| -
|-
| rowspan=2|GB8738-88<ref name=china/>
| min
| 3.9
| -
| 0.01
| -
| -
| -
| -
| 0.005
| -
| -
| -
|-
| max
| 4.3
| 0.1
| 0.02
| 0.002
| 0.002
| 0.001
| 0.075
| 0.02
| -
| -
| -
|-
| colspan=13| <sup>†</sup>Impurity <sup>‡</sup>Alloying element
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Zamak 7 properties<ref name=zamak7>{{Citation| title = Zinc Alloy 7; AG40B; Zn-4Al-0.015Mg| url = http://www.matweb.com/search/DataSheet.aspx?MatID=14541 | access-date = 2008-02-29}}</ref>
|-
! Property
! Metric value
! Imperial value
|-
! colspan=3| Mechanical properties
|-
| Ultimate tensile strength
| 285 MPa
| 41,300 psi
|-
| Yield strength (0.2% offset)
| 285 MPa
| 41,300 psi
|-
| Impact strength
| 58.0 J
| 42.8&nbsp;ft-lbf
|-
| Elongation at fracture
| colspan=2 align="center"| 14%
|-
| Shear strength
| 214 MPa
| 31,000 psi
|-
| Compressive yield strength
| 414 MPa
| 60,000 psi
|-
| Fatigue strength (reverse bending 5x10<sup>8</sup> cycles)
| 47.0 MPa
| 6,820 psi
|-
| Hardness
| colspan=2 align="center"| 80 Brinell
|-
! colspan=3| Physical properties
|-
| Solidification range (melting range)
| 381—387&nbsp;°C
| 718—729&nbsp;°F
|-
| Coefficient of thermal expansion
| 27.4 μm/m-°C
| 15.2 μin/in-°F
|-
| Thermal conductivity
| 113 W/m-K
| 784 BTU-in/hr-ft<sup>2</sup>-°F
|-
| Electrical resistivity
| 6.4 μΩ-cm
| 2.5 μΩ-in
|-
| Specific heat capacity
| 419 J/kg-°C
| 0.100 BTU/lb-°F
|-
| Casting temperature
| 395—425&nbsp;°C
| 743—797&nbsp;°F
|}
==Uses==
Common uses for zamak alloys include appliances, bathroom fixtures, die cast toys and automotive industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.amklassiek.nl/zamak-is-alloy/2017/08/14/|title=Zamak is an alloy|access-date=2023-08-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fox360.net/technology/zamak-alloys-in-the-automotive-industry.html|title=Zamak Alloys in the automotive industry}}</ref><ref>{{Citation| publisher = Met-Mex Peñoles S.A. | title = Metals: Zamak| url = http://www.penoles.com.mx/penoles/ingles/productos/metales/zamak.php | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080110170404/http://www.penoles.com.mx/penoles/ingles/productos/metales/zamak.php | archive-date = 2008-01-10 }}</ref> Zamak alloys are also used in the manufacture of some firearms such as those from [[Hi-Point Firearms]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.breachbangclear.com/sw380-pocket-gun/|title = SW380 - Forgotten Pocket Gun That Should Stay Thataway|date = 3 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.americanrifleman.org/content/pistol-caliber-pairing-hi-point-s-affordable-firearms/|title = An Official Journal of the NRA &#124; Pistol-Caliber Pairing: Hi-Point's Affordable Firearms}}</ref>  In World War 2, zamak alloy buttplates were one of three variations common on Canadian and American-made .303 Lee Enfield rifles, particularly during mid-war production.<ref>Charles R. Stratton, British Enfield Rifles, Vol 2, North Cape Publications, 1999 and 2003, pages 106-107</ref>
==See also==
* [[Pot metal]]
* [[Babbitt (alloy)]]
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
==External links==
*[https://www.brockmetal.com/page.asp?node=141&sec=Zinc_Alloy_Generic_Terms Generic Terms For Zinc Alloys]
*[https://www.eazall.com/PublicDoc/ZincDie%20CastingPropertiesGuide2012.pdf Zinc Die Casting Alloy Guide]
[[Category:Zinc alloys]]