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{{short description|Rural locality in Khmelnytskyi Oblast, Ukraine}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Zhvanets
| native_name        = Жванець
| native_name_lang   = uk
| image_skyline      = ZwaniecZamek2.JPG
| settlement_type    = Village
| pushpin_map        = Ukraine Khmelnytskyi Oblast#Ukraine
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt    =
| pushpin_map_caption1 =
| image_flag         = Zhvanec otg prapor.png
| image_shield       = Zhvanec otg gerb.png
| coordinates        = {{coord|48|33|00|N|26|29|15|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name   = {{UKR}}
| subdivision_type1  = [[Oblasts of Ukraine|Oblast]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Khmelnytskyi Oblast]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[Raions of Ukraine|Raion]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Kamianets-Podilskyi Raion]]
| established_title  = Established
| established_date   = 15th century
| established_title2 = First mentioned
| established_date2  = 1431
| leader_party       =
| leader_title       = Village Head
| leader_name        =
| unit_pref          = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_footnotes     =
| area_total_km2     = 2.995
| area_land_km2      =
| area_water_km2     =
| area_water_percent =
| area_note          =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m        =
| population_footnotes =
| population_total   = 1,529
| population_as_of   = 2001
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_note    =
| timezone           = EET
| utc_offset         = +2
| timezone_DST       = EEST
| utc_offset_DST     = +3
| postal_code_type   = [[Postal code]]
| postal_code        = 32365
| area_code_type     = [[Telephone numbering plan|Area code]]
| area_code          = +380 3849
| website            = [http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/z7502/A005?rf7571=36096 ]
| footnotes          =
| subdivision_type3  = [[Hromada]]
| subdivision_name3  = [[Zhvanets rural hromada]]
}}
'''Zhvanets''' ({{langx|uk|Жванець}}) is a village (a ''[[Village#Ukraine|selo]]'') in [[Kamianets-Podilskyi Raion]] ([[Raions of Ukraine|district]]) of [[Khmelnytskyi Oblast]] in [[western Ukraine]]. It hosts the administration of [[Zhvanets rural hromada]], one of the [[hromada]]s of Ukraine.<ref name="admreform_2020_zhvanets">{{cite web |title=Жванецкая громада |url=https://gromada.info/ru/obschina/zhvanecka/ |publisher=Портал об'єднаних громад України |language=ru}}</ref> The village's population was 1,529 as of the [[Ukrainian Census (2001)|2001 Ukrainian census]].<ref name=rada>{{in lang|uk}} [http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/z7502/A005?rf7571=36096 Zhvanets]</ref>
== History ==
Żwaniec, as it was known in Polish, was first mentioned in 1431, when the knight Svychko (or Svichka) received this settlement from Polish King [[Władysław II Jagiełło]].<ref name=sgk/>{{sfn|Rolle|1880|p=8}} It was established in an unpopulated area in the 15th century.{{sfn|Rolle|1880|p=8}} Later on, it passed to the Jazłowiecki, Sroczycki, [[Koniecpolski]] and [[Lanckoroński]] [[szlachta|noble families]].<ref name=sgk>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom XIV|year=1895|language=pl|location=Warszawa|page=872}}</ref> Administratively it was located in the [[Podolian Voivodeship]] in the [[Lesser Poland Province, Crown of the Kingdom of Poland|Lesser Poland Province]] of the Kingdom of Poland. In the 15th century, the Zhvanets Castle was built, which was repeatedly rebuilt in the 16th and 17th centuries and was significantly destroyed during the 20th century.
In 1620, the [[Polish–Ottoman War (1620–21)|Turks and Tatars invaded Podolia]] having destroyed the fortress. The following year, 40,000 troops led by a Ukrainian Hetman of Zaporozhian Cossacks [[Petro Konashevych-Sahaidachny]] joined Zhvanets and took part in the [[Battle of Khotyn (1621)|Khotyn War]].
In 1646, King [[Władysław IV Vasa]] granted Żwaniec [[Magdeburg rights]]. It was a [[private town]].
[[File:Вірменський костел.jpg|thumb|left|Old Armenian church]]
In the autumn of 1653, the troops of [[John II Casimir Vasa]] and [[Bohdan Khmelnytsky]] met near the city during [[Khmelnytsky Uprising]] resulting in the [[Siege of Zhvanets]]. In 1672, Ottoman Sultan [[Mehmed IV]] invaded and seized the town.<ref name=sgk/>{{sfn|Rolle|1880|p=8}} The castle was converted into a prison for captive Poles, including merchants from [[Kamieniec Podolski]],{{sfn|Rolle|1880|p=17}} thus, during the [[Battle of Chocim (1673)|Battle of Chocim]] of 1673, it was destroyed by the order of [[John III Sobieski]].<ref name=sgk/> During the [[Polish–Ottoman War (1683–1699)|Polish–Ottoman War of 1683–1699]], John III Sobieski returned to Żwaniec in 1684, and the armies of [[Hetmans of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|Great Crown Hetman]] [[Stanisław Jan Jabłonowski]] and Lithuanian Great Hetman [[Kazimierz Jan Sapieha]] joined forces there.<ref name=sgk/>{{sfn|Rolle|1880|pp=17–18}} After the Polish victory in the war, the return of Żwaniec to Poland was confirmed in 1699.<ref name=sgk/> After the war, the devastated border town was re-settled by newcomers from [[Przemyśl]] and [[Sanok]], [[Armenians in Poland|Armenians]] from Kamieniec Podolski and [[Greeks in Poland|Greeks]] from [[Chocim]], with the latter two groups specializing in trade.{{sfn|Rolle|1880|p=18}} The town was visited by King [[Stanisław August Poniatowski]] in 1781.{{sfn|Rolle|1880|p=30}}<ref name=sgk873>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom XIV|page=873}}</ref>
The town was annexed by [[Russian Empire|Russia]] in the [[Second Partition of Poland]] in 1793. A customs chamber was established in the town, which was abolished in 1812.<ref name=sgk873/> The town was visited by Emperors [[Alexander I of Russia]] and [[Nicholas I of Russia]] in 1818 and 1843, respectively.{{sfn|Rolle|1880|p=30}} In 1920, the town was administratively part of the [[Podolian District]] of newly reborn Poland, before it passed to [[Soviet Ukraine]], and afterwards it was located near Ukraine's [[tripoint]] with Poland and [[Kingdom of Romania|Romania]].
During [[World War II]], it was occupied by [[Nazi Germany]] from 1941 to 1944.
==Notable people==
*[[Corinne Chochem]] (1905-1990), Jewish American choreographer, born in Zhvanets
*[[Dov Karmi]] (1905–1962), architect in British [[Mandate Palestine]] and Israel, born in Zhvanets
*Jacob "the Sharp" Halpern (1698-1738), rabbi of Zhvanets and author of many unprinted books. Despite scholastic fame and an 1893 public appeal,<ref>{{Cite book |last=בלינסון |first=משה אליעזר |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3xfB2S_UMnYC&pg=PT2 |title=ילקוט משפחות: ... א' אגרת יוחסין למשפחת אלכסנדראוו עם איזה בתי אבות ממשפחות ... תומארקין, פרומקין, קאזארנווער, פריידעש ... |date=1893 |publisher=דפוס מ"א בעלינסאן |language=he}}</ref> his manuscripts (including ''Beit Yaakov'' and ''Megillat Yuhasin'') languished in the Odessa home of Joseph Israel Halpern (1840-1928) and have since been lost. Formerly rabbi of [[Pomoriany]], whence he composed a responsum in 1721. His father Tobiah Jehiel Michel Halpern had been rabbi of [[Belz]]. His wife was Fradl and his sons included Zeev Halpern and Solomon Isaac Halpern, rabbi of [[Ternopil]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Eisenstadt |first=Israel Tobiah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=teo-AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA103 |title=Daʻat ḳedoshim: kolel zikhronot le-toldot ha-mishpaḥot ... ha-mityaḥaśot ... li-ḳedoshim she-masru nafsham ... bi-gezerat ʻalilat dam ... be-Rozinai bi-Medinat Liṭa ... 1659 |date=1898 |publisher=Bi-defus Bermann ṿe-shutafo |language=he}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Scholem |first=Gershom |date=March 31, 1961 |title=The Historical Image of Rabbi Israel Baal Shem Tov |url=https://www.academia.edu/44481841/Gershom_Scholem_The_Historical_Image_of_Rabbi_Israel_Baal_Shem_Tov_Yiddisher_Kemfer_vol_42_no_1401_31_March_1961_46_58_Hebrew_?uc-sb-sw=31438854 |journal=Yiddisher Kemfer |language=yi |volume=42 |issue=1401}} Note that this article has been reprinted in Hebrew many times.</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=בלינסון |first=משה אליעזר |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uUKoJKvVas8C&pg=PA32 |title=שלמי אמוני ישראל: קובץ מאמרים לספרות לשוננו הקדושה |date=1901 |publisher=דפוס איסאקאוויטש ובעלינסאן |language=he}}</ref>
==See also==
* [[Siege of Zhvanets]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
* [http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CZ%5CH%5CZhvanets.htm Zhvanets in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine, vol. 5 (1993)]
* [http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CZ%5CH%5CZhvanetsfortifiedsettlement.htm Zhvanets fortified settlement in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine, vol. 5 (1993)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304214844/http://www.borderoftheculturas.archeo.uw.edu.pl/strona,ZHVANETS Zhvanets]
* {{in lang|uk}} [http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/z7503/A005?rf7571=36095 Zhvanets village council]
==Bibliography==
*{{cite book|last=Rolle|first=Antoni Józef|title=Zameczki podolskie na Kresach Multańskich|volume=III|year=1880|language=pl|location=Warszawa}}
{{Kamianets-Podilskyi Raion}}{{Khmelnytskyi Oblast}}{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Kamianets-Podilskyi Raion]]
[[Category:Villages in Kamianets-Podilskyi Raion]]
[[Category:15th-century establishments in Poland]]
[[Category:Populated places established in the 15th century]]