Portal:Ireland
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Ireland (/ˈaɪərlənd/ IRE-lənd; Irish: Éire [ˈeːɾʲə] ; Ulster-Scots: Airlann [ˈɑːrlən]) is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean, in north-western Europe. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel, the Irish Sea, and St George's Channel. Ireland is the second-largest island of the British Isles, the third-largest in Europe, and the twentieth-largest in the world. Geopolitically, the island is divided between the Republic of Ireland (officially named Ireland), a sovereign state covering five-sixths of the island, and Northern Ireland, which is part of the United Kingdom. As of 2022, the population of the entire island is just over 7 million, with 5.1 million in the Republic of Ireland and 1.9 million in Northern Ireland, ranking it the second-most populous island in Europe after Great Britain. The geography of Ireland comprises relatively low-lying mountains surrounding a central plain, with several navigable rivers extending inland. Its lush vegetation is a product of its mild but changeable climate which is free of extremes in temperature. Much of Ireland was woodland until the end of the Middle Ages. Today, woodland makes up about 10% of the island, compared with a European average of over 33%, with most of it being non-native conifer plantations. The Irish climate is influenced by the Atlantic Ocean and thus very moderate, and winters are milder than expected for such a northerly area, although summers are cooler than those in continental Europe. Rainfall and cloud cover are abundant. Gaelic Ireland had emerged by the 1st century AD. The island was Christianised from the 5th century onwards. During this period Ireland was divided into many petty kingships under provincial kingships (Cúige "fifth" of the traditional provinces) vying for dominance and the title of High King of Ireland. In the late 8th century to early 11th century AD Viking raids and settlement took place culminating in the Battle of Clontarf on 23 April 1014 which resulted in the ending of Viking power in Ireland. Following the 12th century Anglo-Norman invasion, England claimed sovereignty. However, English rule did not extend over the whole island until the 16th–17th century Tudor conquest, which led to colonisation by settlers from Britain. In the 1690s, a system of Protestant English rule was designed to materially disadvantage the Catholic majority and Protestant dissenters, and was extended during the 18th century. With the Acts of Union in 1801, Ireland became a part of the United Kingdom. A war of independence in the early 20th century was followed by the partition of the island, leading to the creation of the Irish Free State, which became increasingly sovereign over the following decades until it declared a republic in 1948 ( Republic of Ireland Act, 1948) and Northern Ireland, which remained a part of the United Kingdom. Northern Ireland saw much civil unrest from the late 1960s until the 1990s. This subsided following the Good Friday Agreement in 1998. In 1973, both the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom, with Northern Ireland as part of it, joined the European Economic Community. Following a referendum vote in 2016, the United Kingdom, Northern Ireland included, left the European Union (EU) in 2020. Northern Ireland was granted a limited special status and allowed to operate within the EU single market for goods without being in the European Union. Irish culture has had a significant influence on other cultures, especially in the field of literature. Alongside mainstream Western culture, a strong indigenous culture exists, as expressed through Gaelic games, Irish music, Irish language, and Irish dance. The island's culture shares many features with that of Great Britain, including the English language, and sports such as association football, rugby, horse racing, golf, and boxing. (Full article...) Template:/box-footer
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Drapier's Letters is the collective name for a series of seven pamphlets written between 1724 and 1725 by Jonathan Swift to arouse public opinion in Ireland against the imposition of a privately minted copper coinage which Swift believed to be of inferior quality. William Wood was granted letters patent to mint the coin, and Swift saw the licensing of the patent as corrupt. In response, Swift represented Ireland as constitutionally and financially independent of Britain in the Drapier's Letters. Because it was a politically sensitive subject, Swift wrote under the pseudonym M. B. Drapier and the Drapier's Letters are seen as the most important of Swift's "Irish tracts." Although the letters were condemned by the Irish government, with prompting from the British government, they inspired popular sentiment against Wood and his patent. This turned into a nationwide boycott, which forced the patent to be withdrawn; Swift was later honoured for this service to the people of Ireland. Many Irish people recognized Swift as a hero for his defiance of British control over the Irish nation. Beyond being a hero, many critics have seen Swift, through the persona of the Drapier, as the first to organize a "more universal Irish community", although it is disputed as to who constitutes that community. The first complete collection of the Drapier's Letters appeared in the 1734 George Faulkner edition of the Works of Jonathan Swift along with an allegorical frontispiece offering praise and thanks from the Irish people. Some of Swift's other political writings are Gulliver's Travels, A Tale of a Tub, and A Modest Proposal. Read more...
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James Augustine Aloysius Joyce (2 February 1882 – 13 January 1941) was an Irish expatriate writer, widely considered to be one of the most influential writers of the 20th century. He is best known for his landmark novel Ulysses (1922) and its highly controversial successor Finnegans Wake (1939), as well as the short story collection Dubliners (1914) and the semi-autobiographical novel A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (1916). Although he spent most of his adult life outside Ireland, Joyce's psychological and fictional universe is firmly rooted in his native Dublin, the city which provides the settings and much of the subject matter for all his fiction. In particular, his tempestuous early relationship with the Irish Roman Catholic Church is reflected through a similar inner conflict in his recurrent alter ego Stephen Dedalus. As the result of his minute attentiveness to a personal locale and his self-imposed exile and influence throughout Europe, (notably in Paris, France), Joyce became paradoxically one of the most cosmopolitan yet one of the most regionally-focused of all the English language writers of his time. Read more...
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Ulster Museum, Belfast. (from Culture of Ireland) -
Irish cream cheesecake (from Culture of Ireland) -
Portrait of James II of England by Sir Godfrey Kneller.
Forty years later, Irish Catholics, known as "Jacobites", fought for James from 1688 to 1691, but failed to restore James to the throne of Ireland, England and Scotland. (from History of Ireland) -
An Irish-language information sign in the Donegal Gaeltacht (from Culture of Ireland) -
The Bord Gáis Energy Theatre, Dublin. (from Culture of Ireland) -
After an unusually bitter Irish Catholic rebellion and civil war, Oliver Cromwell, on behalf of the English Commonwealth, re-conquered Ireland by invasion which lasted from 1649 to 1651. Under Cromwell's government, landownership in Ireland was transferred overwhelmingly to Puritan soldiery and commercial undertakers to pay for the war. (from History of Ireland) -
A tower house near Quin, County Clare. The Normans consolidated their presence in Ireland by building hundreds of castles and towers such as this. (from History of Ireland) -
Gaelic football (from Culture of Ireland) -
Ireland in 1014: a patchwork of rival kingdoms (from History of Ireland)
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Great Hall Kitchen in the Carraig Phádraig (from Culture of Ireland)
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Traditional Irish cottage in County Antrim (from Culture of Ireland)
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Political map of Ireland (from History of Ireland) -
Handcrafted bowl and pitchers by Nicholas Mosse Pottery, founded in 1976 (from Culture of Ireland)
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Hurling ball (sliotar) and hurley (camán) (from Culture of Ireland) -
Map showing the Viking settlements in Ireland (from History of Ireland) -
Champ (from Culture of Ireland) -
Beef and mushroom boxty (from Culture of Ireland) -
A 16th century perception of Irish women and girls, illustrated in the manuscript "Théâtre de tous les peuples et nations de la terre avec leurs habits et ornemens divers, tant anciens que modernes, diligemment depeints au naturel". Painted by Lucas d'Heere in the 2nd half of the 16th century. Preserved in the Ghent University Library. (from History of Ireland) -
Irish soldiers, 1521 – by Albrecht Dürer. (from History of Ireland) -
Seafood chowder (from Culture of Ireland) -
The Irish tricolour (from History of Ireland)
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Newgrange, built c. 3200 BCE, is an Irish passage tomb located at Brú na Bóinne. (from History of Ireland) -
A plaster cast of a traditional Samhain turnip lantern (from Culture of Ireland) -
Cork Opera House. (from Culture of Ireland)
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The Easter Proclamation, issued by Leaders of the Easter Rising (from History of Ireland) -
Irish family evicted at Moyasta, County Clare during Land War, c.1879 (from History of Ireland) -
An Irish coffee. (from Culture of Ireland) -
Folk music and theatre performers Armagh Rhymers at Aonach Mhacha in County Armagh (2023) (from Culture of Ireland)
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The extent of Norman control of Ireland in 1300 (from History of Ireland)
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A typical Irish pub in County Donegal (from Culture of Ireland) -
Irish stew (Stobhach) (from Culture of Ireland) -
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Coddle (from Culture of Ireland)
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Irish travellers en route to the Cahirmee Horse Fair (1954) (from Culture of Ireland) -
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Three men digging for potatoes in Ahascragh, County Galway (Circa 1900) (from Culture of Ireland) -
Image 40Irish traditional music sessions often take place in public houses (from Culture of Ireland)Irish traditional music sessions often take place in public houses (from Culture of Ireland)
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Institute of Education and Celtic Culture, Dingle, County Kerry, Ireland (from Culture of Ireland) -
Barmbrack (Bairín breac) (from Culture of Ireland) -
Ireland during the Ice Age (from History of Ireland)
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Irish Soda bread (áran sóide) served with Irish butter (from Culture of Ireland)
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Bloomsday celebrations in Dublin (from Culture of Ireland) -
Colcannon (from Culture of Ireland) -
The 'Land of the Ever Young', an illustration of the Celtic Otherworld by Arthur Rackham (from Culture of Ireland)
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An anti-Irish cartoon from 1871 -
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The Gap of Dunloe, Co. Kerry -
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The woolsack, the Irish House of Lords. -
The Chicago River, Saint Patrick's Day 2009 -
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19th century Irish crochet -
Cathedral of Saints Patrick and Felim, Cavan -
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Snap-Apple Night (Halloween) by Daniel Maclise
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Selskar Abbey, Wexford -
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Arthur Guinness, founder of the Guinness -
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Limerick on the Shannon River (1840) -
The Cross of Cong -
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The Foyle at night. -
A memorial to the first non-stop transatlantic flight -
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Scotch Quay, Waterford -
Gaelic Irish soldiers
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A horse drinking near Downpatrick -
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St. Patrick's Street, Cork circa. 1890-1900 -
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Cork (Irish: Corcaigh [ˈkɔɾˠkəɟ]; from corcach, meaning 'marsh') is the second largest city in Ireland, the county town of County Cork, the largest city in the province of Munster and third largest on the island of Ireland. At the 2022 census, it had a population of 224,004. The city centre is an island between two channels of the River Lee which meet downstream at its eastern end, where the quays and docks along the river lead outwards towards Lough Mahon and Cork Harbour, one of the largest natural harbours in the world. Cork was founded in the 6th century as a monastic settlement, and was expanded by Viking invaders around 915. Its charter was granted by Prince John in 1185. Cork city was once fully walled, and the remnants of the old medieval town centre can be found around South and North Main streets. The city's cognomen of "the rebel city" originates in its support for the Yorkist cause in the Wars of the Roses. Corkonians sometimes refer to the city as "the real capital", a reference to its opposition to the Anglo-Irish Treaty in the Irish Civil War. (Full article...)
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Did you know -
- ...that Early Irish law permitted a husband to hit his wife to "correct" her, but that if the blow left a mark she was entitled to the equivalent of her bride price in compensation and could divorce him if she wished?
- ...that mountaineer Ger McDonnell, the first Irish person to summit K2, brought a hurley to the summit of Mount Everest in 2003?
- ...that the headland of Drumanagh in Co. Dublin may once have hosted a fort acting as bridgehead for Roman military invasion?
- …that some 2006 New York productions of DruidSynge, a production of the complete plays of John Millington Synge by the Druid Theatre Company, were performed in day-long cycles?
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