Foreign relations of Kenya
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Kenya maintains relations with various countries around the world. Its closest ties are with its fellow Swahili-speaking neighbors in the African Great Lakes region. Swahili speaking neighbours mainly include countries in the East African Community such as Burundi, the DRC, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda. Kenya's relations with other states vary. The government of Ethiopia established political links in the colonial period with Kenya's then British administration, and today it is one of several national bodies with a diplomatic presence in Nairobi. Relations with Somalia have historically been tense, although there has been some military co-ordination against insurgents. Elsewhere, the Kenyan government has political ties with China, India, Pakistan, Russia, United Arab Emirates, and Brazil. It also maintains relations with Western countries, particularly the United Kingdom, although political and economic instabilities are often blamed on Western activities (e.g. colonialism, paternalistic engagement, and post-colonial resource exploitation).
Diplomatic relations
List of countries which Kenya maintains diplomatic relations with:
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Bilateral relations
Africa
East African Community
| Country | Formal relations established | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| File:Flag of Burundi.svg Burundi |
Burundi is a partner of Kenya in many areas, particularly trade, security (military), education, agriculture and energy. In 2011, both countries signed a comprehensive bilateral agreement to promote development and technology transfer in agriculture, livestock and fisheries development between them. During the Burundian ethnic clashes, a significant number of Burundians took up refuge in Kenya. Burundi, along with Kenya, is one of the Swahili-speaking states in the African Great Lakes region.
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| File:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg Democratic Republic of the Congo |
The DRC is a strategic partner of Kenya in many areas, particularly trade and security. The peace deal between the Government of the DRC and leaders of the M23 rebellion was brokered by multiple parties and was signed in Nairobi in late 2013. M23 was routed in a UN-backed offensive by government troops. Under the deal there would be no amnesty for those wanted for war crimes. The deal was hosted by Uhuru Kenyatta, the President of Kenya.[147] By the end of 2014 both countries were to sign a Joint Commission for Cooperation. Under the agreement Kenya was to establish a consulate in Goma and DRC in Mombasa[148] The deal would help deepen trade and investment between both countries. Both countries are inhabited by significant Swahili speaking populations, Swahili is the national language in both countries. Kenya and the DRC share some cultural similarities.
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| File:Flag of Rwanda.svg Rwanda | 11 June 1965 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 June 1965 when first Ambassador of Rwanda to Kenya (resident in Kampala) Mr. Malahie Musabyimana presented his credentials to President Kenyatta.[149]
Kenya is a partner of Rwanda in many areas, particularly trade, security (military), education, agriculture and energy. It is estimated that there are about 100,000 Rwandese immigrants in Kenya. Both countries have on multiple occasions signed various memoranda of understanding. These MOUs involve co-operative technical assistance and development between the two countries.[150] Kenya has a significant expat community in Rwanda.
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| File:Flag of South Sudan.svg South Sudan |
South Sudan is a strategic partner of Kenya in many areas. Both countries have cultural similarities as many people from South Sudan lived in Kenya before independence. Kenya is said to have contributed a to South Sudan's independence. The Machakos Protocol signed in Kenya in 2002 saw a ceasefire signed between Sudan and the Southern Sudanese. It was the first of many agreements that led to the creation of Southern Sudan autonomous region which later on led to the independence of South Sudan in 2011. During the independence movement leaders of the freedom movement lived in Kenya. At the peak of the second Sudanese civil war Kenya hosted about 100,000 South Sudanese people.[151]
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| File:Flag of Tanzania.svg Tanzania | 13 December 1983 | Both countries established full diplomatic relations on 13 December 1983[152]
Tanzania is a partner of Kenya in many areas, particularly trade, security (military), education, agriculture and energy. The first high commissions of Kenya in Tanzania and vice versa were opened after the independence of Kenya. However, after the breakup of the EAC in 1977, both countries severed diplomatic ties. The breakup of the first EAC which was founded in 1967 was brought about by ideological differences between Tanzania and Kenya. As it was during the cold war African countries were making decisions on whether to become socialist or capitalist. Kenya's leader Kenyatta was intent on making sure that Kenya wouldn't become socialist and Kenya stuck to capitalism. Tanzania on the other hand championed for Ujamaa, a major African socialist policy.[153] Tanzania and Kenya resumed diplomatic ties in 1983.[154] By that time, a lot of factors were slowing the idea of Ujamaa in Tanzania among them the war with Uganda and many other social factors.[citation needed] Today both countries enjoy healthy relations. Both countries are inhabited by the world's largest Swahili speaking populations, Swahili is the official and national language in both countries. Kenya and Tanzania share a lot of cultural similarities.
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| File:Flag of Uganda.svg Uganda | 8 February 1978 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 February 1978[155]
The two East African Community countries are partners in many areas, particularly in the trade, infrastructure, security (military), education, agriculture and energy sectors. From 1961 to 1965, the two states along with Tanzania were united in the East African Common Services Organisation, a common market with a loose federal structure.[156] Kenya and Uganda were also founding members of the original East African Community (EAC), which later collapsed due to ideological differences and territorial disputes within itself. On 7 July 2000, Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania reestablished the EAC. It has contributed a great deal in improving trade and overall relations between Kenya and Uganda. The countries are both inhabited by significant Swahili-speaking populations, and share significant cultural similarities.
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Rest of Africa
| Country | Formal relations established | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| File:Flag of Algeria.svg Algeria | 23 June 1964 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 June 1964 when the Algerian ambassador to Kenya, Mr. Nouredien Djoudi, presented his credentials to the Governor-General.[157] |
| File:Flag of Angola.svg Angola | 22 July 1985 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 July 1985 when Kenya's Ambassador to Angola Mr. John Kaumau Kimani presented his credentials.[158]
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| File:Flag of Benin.svg Benin | 12 March 1982 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 March 1982 when first ambassador of Kenya to Benin Alfred Imbahale Machayo presented his credentials to Head of State of Benin Mr. Mathieu Kérékou.[159] |
| File:Flag of Botswana.svg Botswana | 30 October 1967 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 October 1967.[160]
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| File:Flag of Cameroon.svg Cameroon | 5 September 1972 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 September 1972[161] |
| File:Flag of Côte d'Ivoire.svg Cote d'Ivoire | 10 September 1964 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 September 1964 when Mr. Honore Polneau, the Ivory Coast's Ambassador in Tanzania, has been nominated in addition as Ambassador to Kenya.[162] |
| File:Flag of Djibouti.svg Djibouti | 13 March 1984 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 March 1984.[163]
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| File:Flag of Egypt.svg Egypt |
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| File:Flag of Eritrea.svg Eritrea | 14 September 1993 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 September 1993 when Beyene Russom presented his credentials as Eritrea first ambassador of Kenya to President Moi[164] |
| File:Flag of Eswatini.svg Eswatini | 18 May 1970 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 May 1970 when first High Commissioner of Swaziland to Kenya Mr. Martin Buya Ndiniso, has presented his credentials to President Kenyatta.[165] |
| File:Flag of Ethiopia.svg Ethiopia | 26 June 1964 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 June 1964 and opened Ethiopian Embassy in Nairobi.[166][167]
Relations between Kenya and Ethiopia date back to 1954, when the Ethiopian authorities under Haile Selassie I established an honorary consulate general in the British Kenya Colony. In 1961, prior to Kenya's independence, Ethiopia appointed its first ambassador to Kenya, and six years later Kenya opened an embassy in Addis Ababa.[168] The border between the two countries is based on a treaty signed by Ethiopia and Kenya on 9 June 1970, which determines the present-day boundary, abrogating all previous boundary treaties. This border has been subjected to demarcation.[169]
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| File:Flag of Gabon.svg Gabon | 10 July 1976 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 July 1976 when first Ambassador of Gabon to Kenya Mr. Pierre Mebaley presented his credentials to President Kenyatta.[80] |
| File:Flag of Ghana.svg Ghana | 16 December 1963 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 December 1963[170]
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| File:Flag of Libya.svg Libya | 7 November 1978 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 November 1978[171] |
| File:Flag of Madagascar.svg Madagascar |
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| File:Flag of Malawi.svg Malawi | 28 September 1965 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 September 1965[172] |
| File:Flag of Mozambique.svg Mozambique | 5 November 1976 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 November 1976 when Ambassador of Kenya Hon. Kiyinda Nincola, has presented his credentials to President of Mozambique Samora Moises Machel.[81]
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| File:Flag of Namibia.svg Namibia | 22 March 1990 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 March 1990 when was officially opened the Kenya High Commission in Windhoek.[173]
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| File:Flag of Niger.svg Niger | 12 May 1981 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 May 1981 when Ambassador of Niger to Kenya presented his credentials to President Daniel Arap Moi.[174] |
| File:Flag of Nigeria.svg Nigeria |
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| File:Flag of Somalia.svg Somalia |
Relations between Kenya and Somalia have historically been tense. Agitations over self-determination in the Somali-inhabited Northern Frontier District culminated in the Shifta War during the 1960s.[175] Although the conflict ended in a cease-fire, Somalis in the region still identify and maintain close ties with their kin in Somalia.[176] In October 2011, a coordinated operation between the Somali military and the Kenyan military began against the Al-Shabaab group of insurgents in southern Somalia.[177][178] The mission was officially led by the Somali army, with the Kenyan forces providing a support role.[178] In early June 2012, Kenyan troops were formally integrated into AMISOM.[179]
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| File:Flag of South Africa.svg South Africa | 12 April 1994 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 April 1994[180]
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| File:Flag of Sudan.svg Sudan | 28 January 1965 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 January 1965 when was accredited first ambassador of Sudan to Kenya Sayed Mohammed Mirghani[181]
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| File:Flag of Togo (3-2).svg Togo | 9 April 1985 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 April 1985 when Ambassador of Kenya Mr. Kefa Onyoni presented letters of credentials to President of Togo, general Gnassingbe Eyadema.[182] |
| File:Flag of Zambia.svg Zambia |
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| File:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg Zimbabwe |
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Americas
| Country | Formal relations established | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| File:Flag of Barbados.svg Barbados | 3 September 2014 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 September 2014[183]
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| File:Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil | 4 July 1967 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 July 1967[46]
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| File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada | 5 May 1964 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 May 1964[185] |
| File:Flag of Chile.svg Chile | September 1975 | Both countries established diplomatic relations in September 1975[188]
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| File:Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia | 27 January 1975 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 January 1975[189]
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| File:Flag of Costa Rica.svg Costa Rica | 13 November 1982 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 November 1982 when first ambassador of Costa Rica to Kenya Mr. Miguel Yamuni presented his credentials to Kenyan President Daniel Arap Moi.[190]
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| File:Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba | 19 October 1995 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 October 1995[191]
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| File:Flag of Jamaica.svg Jamaica | 19 March 1976 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 March 1976[192]President Kenyatta made a state visit in August 2019. He met and held talks with Prime Minister Holness.
Kenyatta was the main guest for the celebration of the 57th Independence Day Jamaica.[193] Both leaders (Holness and Kenyatta) also launched the celebrations to mark the International Decade for People of African Descent.[194]
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| File:Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico | 15 March 1977 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 March 1977[195] |
| File:Flag of Peru.svg Peru | 25 February 1976 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 February 1976[198]
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| File:Flag of the United States.svg United States | 12 December 1963 |
After Kenya's independence on 12 December 1963, the United States immediately recognized the new nation and moved to establish diplomatic relations. The embassy in Nairobi was opened on 12 December 1963[199]
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| File:Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay | 20 July 1982 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 July 1982[201] |
| File:Flag of Venezuela.svg Venezuela | 30 April 1970 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 April 1970[202]
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Asia
| Country | Formal relations established | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| File:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan | 28 May 2004 | Main Article: Azerbaijan-Kenya relations |
| File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg Bangladesh | 23 November 1976 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 November 1976 when the first Bangladesh Ambassador to Kenya Mr. Muhammad Sultan, presented his credentials to President Kenyatta[82] |
| File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China | 14 December 1963 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 December 1963[205]
Chinese-Kenyan relations date back to 14 December 1963, two days after the formal establishment of Kenyan independence, when China became the fourth country to open an embassy in Nairobi.[206] Military exchange between the two countries has been increasing in the past decade. General Liu Jingsong, commander of the Lanzhou Military Region, led China's first military delegation to Kenya in December 1996; Major General Nick Leshan, commander of the Kenyan air force, paid a return visit in 1997.[207] Kenyan president Mwai Kibaki visited Beijing in August 2005.[208]
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| File:Flag of India.svg India | 14 December 1963 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 December 1963[209]
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| File:Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia | 15 October 1979 | Both countries established diplomatic relations in 15 October 1979[89]
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| File:Flag of Iran.svg Iran | 3 October 1971 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 October 1971.[69]
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| File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel | 12 December 1963[210] | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 December 1963 and opened Embassy of Israel in Nairobi. Kenya broken diplomatic relations with Israel on 1 November 1973. Diplomatic relations were re-established on 23 December 1988.[211] |
| File:Flag of Japan.svg Japan |
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| File:Flag of Kuwait.svg Kuwait | 23 April 1968 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 April 1968 when has been accredited first Ambassador of Kuwait to Kenya with residence in Nairobi Mr. Mohammad A. Al-Mishari.[214] |
| File:Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia | 1965 | Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1965[215]
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| File:Flag of Oman.svg Oman | 4 March 1976 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 March 1976[216]
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| File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan | 31 January 1964 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 January 1964 when Mr. K.K.Panni, High Commissioner of Pakistan to Kenya presented his credentials.[217]
Relations between Pakistan and Kenya were established in the 1960s, when Pakistan expressed its support for Kenya in obtaining independence from British rule. Ever since, relations between the two nations have been warm; with both countries having had discussed previously in the Pakistan-Kenya Joint Ministerial Commission session which was hosted in Nairobi in 2004, about boosting bilateral trade and economic relations.[218]
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| File:Flag of Palestine.svg Palestine |
Both countries maintain diplomatic relations as the State of Palestine maintains an embassy in Nairobi.[219] | |
| File:Flag of the Philippines.svg Philippines | 20 May 1975 |
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 May 1975[220] The Philippines and Kenya have forged a historic agreement to strengthen ties between both countries. Under a Joint Commission on Bilateral Cooperation(JCBC)[221] |
| File:Flag of Qatar.svg Qatar | 28 December 2003 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 December 2003.[222]
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| File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia | 12 May 1969 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 May 1969 when Kenya's Ambassador to Saudi Arabia, Japheth Kimanzi Ilako, has presented his credentials to King Faisal.[223] |
| File:Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea | 7 February 1964 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 February 1964[226] |
| File:Flag of Sri Lanka.svg Sri Lanka | 4 September 1970 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 September 1970 when Mr. Fonseca has been appointed the first Ceylonese High Commissioner to Kenya.[227] |
| File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey | 30 March 1968 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 March 1968[228] |
| File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg United Arab Emirates | 5 June 1982 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 June 1982[230] |
Europe
| Country | Formal relations established | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| File:Flag of Austria.svg Austria | 15 December 1964 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 December 1964 when established Austrian Embassy in Nairobi.[231]
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| File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium | 29 April 1964 | Diplomatic relations were established on 29 April 1964 when Mr. A. Bullens, Belgian Ambassador to Kenya, presented his credentials to the Governor-General.[232]
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| File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark | 23 October 1964 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 October 1964 when was accredited first Denmark's ambassador to Kenya Birger Abrahamson[233]
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| File:Flag of Finland.svg Finland | 14 June 1965 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 June 1965[234]
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| File:Flag of France.svg France | 12 December 1963 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 December 1963[235]
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| File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany | 18 December 1963 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 December 1963[236]
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| File:Flag of Greece.svg Greece | 8 December 1966 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 December 1966 when accredited first ambassador of Greece to Kenya with residence in Nairobi Mr. George C. Papadopoulos.[237]
Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Kenya Archived 23 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine
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| File:Flag of Ireland.svg Ireland | 4 April 1979 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 April 1979 when the first Irish Ambassador to Kenya, Mr. Michael Christopher Green presented his credentials to President Moi.[238]
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| File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy |
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| File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands | 3 February 1964 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 February 1964 when Mr. W. P. L. G. de Boer, the first Ambassador of the Netherlands to Kenya presented his credentials.[239]
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| File:Flag of Norway.svg Norway | 22 February 1964 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 February 1964[240]
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| File:Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal | 10 January 1977 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 January 1977[241]
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| File:Flag of Poland.svg Poland | 13 December 1963 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 December 1963[242]
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| File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia | 14 December 1963 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 December 1963[243]
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| File:Flag of Spain.svg Spain | 27 April 1967 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 April 1967[244]
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| File:Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden | January 1964[13] | Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1964[245]
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| File:Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg Switzerland | 28 February 1964 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 February 1964 when appointed first Ambassador of Switzerland to Kenya (resident in Addis Ababa) Mr. Roger Dürr[246]
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| File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom | 12 December 1963 |
Kenya established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 12 December 1963.
The UK governed Kenya from 1895 to 1963, when it achieved full independence. Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Economic Partnership Agreement,[248] a Defence Cooperation Agreement,[249] a Development Partnership,[250] and an Investment Agreement.[251] In 1895, Britain established the East Africa Protectorate (British East Africa), centred in present-day Kenya and the larger African Great Lakes region. Four years later, the British founded the settlement of Nairobi as a simple rail depot on the railway linking Mombasa to Uganda.[252] The town quickly grew to become the capital of British East Africa in 1905, with Lieutenant Colonel J. Hayes Sadler as the first governor and commander in chief. In 1920, the East Africa Protectorate was transformed into a British crown colony, the Kenya Colony. In 1952, Elizabeth II, ascended the throne while visiting Kenya on her and the Duke of Edinburgh's tour of the British Empire and Commonwealth. Two years later, Britain founded the Nairobi Securities Exchange as a voluntary association of stockbrokers in the European community registered under the Societies Act. |
Oceania
| Country | Formal relations established | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia | 23 August 1965 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 August 1965[253]
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| File:Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand | 9 June 1982 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 June 1982 when New Zealand's first High Commissioner to Kenya (resident in Athens) Mr. Paul Cotton presented his credentials to President Daniel T. Moi in Nairobi[254]
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Kenya and the Commonwealth of Nations
Kenya has been a member state of the Commonwealth of Nations since 1963, when it became independent. The nation became a republic in the Commonwealth of Nations in 1964. Kenya is also a member of the UN and hosts the UN Office in Nairobi, which is the UN Headquarters in Africa.[255] The office was established in 1996.
International trips made by presidents of Kenya
Uhuru Kenyatta
Uhuru Kenyatta made a 119 International trips to 52 countries during his presidency. The president served two full 5-year terms and made more international official visits than any of his predecessors. Kenyatta mainly made a majority of his visits within Africa and also attended various business forums and multi-lateral international events around the world.
William Ruto
William Ruto made his first international trip in September of 2022 since he began his presidency on 13 September 2022.
See also
References
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- ↑ "Lisete Chronologique des Ambassadeurs, Envoyés Extraordinaires, Ministres Plénipotentiaires et Chargés D'Affaires de France à L'Étranger Depuis 1945" (PDF) (in français). p. 82.
- ↑ "Kenya-Israel Relations". Retrieved 5 September 2023.
- ↑ Yugoslav Survey 13. Jugoslavija Publishing House. 1972. p. 127.
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- ↑ "Shoukry participates in joint foreign ministerial committee with Kenya". Egypt State Information Service. 7 March 2024. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
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- ↑ Africa Research Bulletin. Blackwell. 1964. p. 60.
- ↑ Linwood, DeLong (January 2020). "A Guide to Canadian Diplomatic Relations 1925-2019". Retrieved 26 June 2023.
- ↑ Africa Research Bulletin. Africa Research, Limited. 1964. p. 73.
George Padmore, has presented his credentials to the Governor General of Kenya...
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- ↑ Kenya Directory of the Diplomatic Corps. Kenya. Protocol Office. 1968. p. 67.
Embassy of Italy Ambassador H.E. Marquis Giovanni Revedin di San Martino ( 7-7-64 )
- ↑ Africa Research Bulletin. Blackwell. 1965. p. 362.
- ↑ Kenya Directory of the Diplomatic Corps of High Commissions, Embassies, Consulate-generals, Consuls, Trade Commissions, Holy See, International Organizations. Kenya Ministry of External Affairs. 1967. p. 39.
- ↑ Bulletin de l'Institut international de droit des pays d'expression française Issues 1-9 (in français). The Institut. 1965. p. 62.
- ↑ Mitteilungen des Österreichischen Staatsarchivs Volume 51 (in Deutsch). Österreichisches Staatsarchiv. 2004. p. 60.
- ↑ Kenya Directory of the Diplomatic Corps of High Commissions, Embassies, Consulate-generals, Consuls, Trade Commissions, Holy See, International Organizations. Kenya Ministry of External Affairs. 1967. p. 101.
- ↑ Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts, Issues 111-115. United States. Central Intelligence Agency. 1965.
- ↑ "Countries and regions A–Z". Archived from the original on 30 March 2018. Retrieved 1 April 2018.
- ↑ "Diplomatic relations of the Holy See". Retrieved 5 September 2022.
- ↑ "Ties with Africa". The Canberra Times. 24 August 1965. p. 8. Retrieved 4 June 2015 – via National Library of Australia.
- ↑ Southern African Political History: A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999. p. 160.
- ↑ "Biblioteca Digital de Tratados" (in español). Retrieved 27 June 2023.
- ↑ "Senarai tarikh penubuhan hubungan diplomatik Malaysia dan negara - negara luar" (in Bahasa Melayu). Archived from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
- ↑ "Afrique - Kenya". Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 20 January 2024.
- ↑ Kenya Directory of the Diplomatic Corps. Kenya. Protocol Office. 1968. p. 53.
- ↑ "Ficha de paises y territorios" (in español). Retrieved 13 August 2022.
- ↑ Africa Research Bulletin. Blackwell. 1967. p. 794.
Guinea Kenya . M. Filly Cissoko , the new Guinean Ambassador to Kenya , has presented his credentials to President Kenyatta . ( MAC 14/6 )
- ↑ 46.0 46.1 Africa Research Bulletin. Blackwell. 1967. p. 827.
- ↑ "สาธารณรัฐเคนยา" (in ไทย). Retrieved 19 January 2024.
- ↑ Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts Issues 161-165. United States. Central Intelligence Agency. 1967. p. 9. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
- ↑ Southern African Political History: A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999. pp. 82–87.
- ↑ Africa Research Bulletin. Blackwell. 1967. p. 926.
- ↑ Françoise Moussu. "Chronologie des faits internationaux d'ordre juridique - 1967". persee.fr (in français). p. 971. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
17. - Relations Diplomatiques - Kenya - Somalies.- Etablissement de relations entre les deux pays suite à la suite de la médiation de l'O.U.A.
- ↑ Kenya directory of the diplomatic corps. September 1967. p. 7.
- ↑ Kenya Directory of the Diplomatic Corps of High Commissions, Embassies, Consulate-generals, Consuls, Trade Commissions, Holy See, International Organizations. Kenya Ministry of External Affairs. 1967. p. 6.
30. Burundi H.E. Mr. Protais Mangona (In Dar es-Salaam)
- ↑ Zeki Kuneralp and the Turkish Foreign Service. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2015. p. 410.
- ↑ Kenya Directory of the Diplomatic Corps. Kenya. Protocol Office. 1968. p. 75.
- ↑ Africa Research Bulletin. Blackwell. 1968. p. 1033.
- ↑ Southern African Political History: A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999. p. 115.
- ↑ Summary of World Broadcasts Non-Arab Africa · Issues 2757-2809. British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service. 1968. p. 4.
... Lesotho has established diplomatic relations with Kenya ; its High Commissioner and roving ambassador ,Charles Molapo , has arrived in Nairobi ( CTK in English 15.30 GMT 20.6.68 )
- ↑ "Diplomatic Relations of Romania". Ministerul Afacerilor Externe. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
- ↑ Maghreb: Documents: Algérie, Maroc, Tunisie, Issues 31-35 (in français). Centre d'étude des relations internationales (France). Section Afrique du nord, France. Direction de la documentation. 1969. p. 26.
- ↑ Africa Research Bulletin. 1969. p. 1393.
- ↑ Middle East Economic Digest - Volume 13. Middle East Economic Digest, Limited. 1969. p. 673.
- ↑ Africa Research Bulletin. Blackwell. 1970. p. 1694.
- ↑ Libro amarillo correspondiente al año ...: presentado al Congreso Nacional en sus sesiones ordinarias de ... por el titular despacho (in español). Venezuela. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. 2003. pp. 528–529.
- ↑ Africa Research Bulletin. Blackwell. 1970. p. 1751.
- ↑ Record of the Arab World: Yearbook of Arab and Israeli Politics. Research and Publishing House. 1970. p. 5234.
- ↑ "Countries with which Guyana has Establishment Diplomatic Relations" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 16 July 2016.
- ↑ "Diplomatic relations". Retrieved 10 July 2022.
- ↑ 69.0 69.1 The White Revolution and Iran's Independent National Policy. Iranian Government. 1973. p. 43.
- ↑ Summary of World Broadcasts: Non-Arab Africa - Issues 4029-4106. British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service · 1972.
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