List of Thai monarchs
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| King of Thailand | |
|---|---|
| พระมหากษัตริย์ไทย | |
| File:King's Standard of Thailand.svg Royal Standard (since 1910) | |
| Incumbent | |
| File:Portrait of King Rama X (cropped).jpg | |
| Vajiralongkorn (Rama X) since 13 October 2016 | |
| Details | |
| Style | His Majesty |
| Heir presumptive | Dipangkorn Rasmijoti |
| First monarch | Si Inthrathit |
| Formation | 1238 |
| Residence |
|
| Website | royaloffice.th |
.jpg){kind=link}
The succession of Thai monarchs began with Si Inthrathit at the establishment of the first Thai kingdom in 1238. With brief interruptions, 55 monarchs have ruled over four successive kingdoms, the current monarch being Vajiralongkorn (Rama X) of the Chakri dynasty.
Titles and naming conventions
In the Sukhothai Kingdom, the monarch used the title Pho Khun (Thai: พ่อขุน), and monarchs who reigned over the period of decline after Ram Khamhaeng the Great used the title Phraya (Thai: พญา). In the Ayutthaya Kingdom and afterward, thanandon, the system of Thai royal titles, determines the style of the monarch's full regnal name (which includes the title), consisting of two interconnected parts:
- The first part is the title Phra Bat Somdet Phra Chao Yu Hua (Thai: พระบาทสมเด็จพระเจ้าอยู่หัว, 'His Majesty the King'). The title is split by the regnal name, written between Phra and Chao. If the monarch was not formally crowned, Phra Bat is omitted. If the monarch ruled as a tributary or was usurped, Somdet may be omitted.
- Sometimes, Chao Yu Hua is fully omitted. Other times, only Yu Hua is omitted, in which case Chao follows the remaining components of the title and precedes the regnal name.
- The second part is the regnal name, of which only a portion may be used to commonly refer to the monarch. It may differ from their birth name, their name as uparaja (viceroy), or their posthumous name and/or historical style. This list refers to monarchs by the names most often used by traditional historians.[1]
Western nations referred to the monarch as the "King of Siam" (Latin: Rex Siamensium), regardless of Thai titles, since the initiation of relations in the 16th century. Mongkut (Rama IV) was the first monarch to adopt the title when the name Siam was first used in an international treaty.[2] When the kingdom's name was changed to Thailand, the monarch's Western title changed accordingly.[3]
Sukhothai Kingdom (1238–1438)
Tai peoples migrated into mainland Southeast Asia in the 8th–10th centuries.[4] In the years after, Northern Thai groups established mueang that evolved into larger states, such as Ngoenyang.[5][6] However, it was not until the decline of the Khmer Empire in the 13th century that a Central Thai kingdom politically and culturally related to modern Thailand was first founded.
Phra Ruang dynasty (1238–1438)
The Phra Ruang dynasty was the only royal lineage that ruled over the Sukhothai Kingdom, the first Central Thai state. Established by Si Inthrathit in 1238, who declared independence from the Khmer Empire, the dynasty laid the foundations for Thai society.[7] Under Ram Khamhaeng the Great, the initial Thai script was invented and Therāvada Buddhism was established as the state religion.[8]: 197 [9]: 25 The dynasty is named after the Traiphum Phra Ruang, a Buddhist cosmology book written by Maha Thammaracha I. During his reign, the kingdom was invaded by Ayutthaya, a neighboring Thai state, becoming a tributary during the reign of Maha Thammaracha II.[8]: 222 In the Sukhothai Kingdom, the monarch ruled from the city of Sukhothai, while the heir presumptive would occasionally be named uparaja, or viceroy, and ruled in Si Satchanalai. In 1438, Ayutthaya annexed Sukhothai at the death of Maha Thammaracha IV when Borommarachathirat II of Ayutthaya named his son Prince Ramesuan uparaja. In Ayutthaya, the tradition would evolve into the Front Palace system.[10]
| No. | Portrait | Regnal name | Personal name | Reign | Succession | Life details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | File:พ่อขุนศรีอินทราทิตย์.jpg | Kamonteng Ansi Inthrabodinthrathit กมรเตงอัญศรีอินทรบดินทราทิตย์ |
Pho Khun Si Inthrathit พ่อขุนศรีอินทราทิตย์ or Pho Khun Bang Klang Hao พ่อขุนบางกลางหาว |
1238 – 1270 (32 years) |
First King of Sukhothai | 1188 – 1270 (aged 82) Ruled locally in the Khmer Empire as Bang Klang Hao. His rebellion led to the establishment of Sukhothai, the first Central Thai kingdom[7] |
| 2 | File:Phra Ruang.jpg | Pho Khun Ban Mueang พ่อขุนบานเมือง |
1270 – 1279 (9 years) |
Son of Si Inthrathit | c. 1237 – 1279 (aged approx. 42) Namesake for birth name of Maha Thammaracha IV[11] | |
| 3 | File:Ramkhamhaeng the Great.jpg | Phrabat Kamonteng Ansi Rammarat พระบาทกมรเตงอัญศรีรามราช |
Pho Khun Ram Khamhaeng the Great พ่อขุนรามคำแหงมหาราช |
1279 – 1298 (19 years) |
Younger brother of Ban Mueang; named uparaja | c. 1237/1247 – 1298 (aged approx. 51/61) Oversaw the height of Sukhothai prosperity, the development of the Thai script, and the propagation of Theravada Buddhism within Sukhothai[8] |
| 4 | File:No picture Thai monarchs.svg | Phraya Loe Thai พระยาเลอไทย |
1298 – 1323 (25 years) |
Son of Ram Khamhaeng | c. 1262 – 1323 (aged approx. 61) Brother of Burmese queen consort May Hnin Thwe-Da.[12] His reign saw the decline of Sukhothai, as regions conquered by Ram Khamhaeng broke away | |
| 5 | File:No picture Thai monarchs.svg | Phraya Ngua Nam Thum พระยางั่วนำถุม |
1323 – 1347 (24 years) |
Son of Ban Mueang and first cousin of Loe Thai | c. 1266 – 1347 (aged approx. 81) Brother of Burmese queen consort May Hnin Htapi.[13] Origin of his name is disputed[14] | |
| 6 | File:Mahathammaracha I.JPG | Phra Maha Thammaracha I พระมหาธรรมราชาที่ ๑ |
Phraya Li Thai พระยาลิไทย |
1347 – 1368 (21 years) |
Son of Loe Thai and first cousin once removed of Ngua Nam Thum; named uparaja as Li Thai in 1340/41[11] | c. 1300 – 1368 (aged approx. 68) Known for his devotion to Buddhist philosophy and writing.[9] During his reign, Ayutthaya began to invade into Sukhothai[8] |
| 1378: Sukhothai became a tributary state of the Ayutthaya Kingdom. | ||||||
| 7 | File:No picture Thai monarchs.svg | Phra Maha Thammaracha II พระมหาธรรมราชาที่ ๒ |
Phraya Lue Thai พระยาลือไทย |
1368 – c. 1400 (approx. 32 years) |
Son of Maha Thammaracha I | c. 1358 – 1400 (aged approx. 42) Born Lue Thai. Under his rule, the dynasty continued under tributary status[8] |
| 8 | File:No picture Thai monarchs.svg | Phra Maha Thammaracha III พระมหาธรรมราชาที่ ๓ |
Phraya Sai Lue Thai พระยาไสลือไทย |
c. 1400 – 1419 (approx. 19 years) |
Son of Maha Thammaracha II | c. 1380 – 1419 (aged approx. 39) Born Sai Lue Thai |
| 9 | File:No picture Thai monarchs.svg | Phra Maha Thammaracha IV พระมหาธรรมราชาที่ ๔ |
Phraya Borommapan พระยาบรมปาล |
1419 – 1438 (19 years) |
Son of Maha Thammaracha III | c. 1401 – 1438 (aged approx. 37) Born Borommapan. Won the throne against his brother after the intervention of King Intharachathirat of Ayutthaya.[15] Upon his death, King Borommarachathirat II of Ayutthaya installed his son as uparaja, ending the Phra Ruang succession[10] |
| 1438: Unification with Ayutthaya Kingdom ended Sukhothai autonomy. | ||||||
Ayutthaya Kingdom (1351–1767)
The Aytthaya Kingdom was a result of a unification between two states: the Kingdom of Suphannaphum (Suphanburi) and the Kingdom of Lavo. Though the Kingdom of Lavo was originally a Mon kingdom, the migration of the Tai peoples into the Chao Phraya basin replaced the original Mons, consequently becoming the governors of these regions. This resulted in the capital moving from Lavapura (Lopburi) and Suphannaphum (Suphanburi) to Ayodhya (Old Ayutthaya), a new capital.[16] Later on, the Kingdom of Nakhon si Thammarat came under the influence of Ayutthaya after seceding from Sukhothai, and Sukhothai losing influence and coming under Ayutthayan influence. This conflict would last long into the history of Ayutthaya Kingdom, where families from the four major regional kingdoms vie over the throne of the kingdom. These kingdoms are: Kingdom of Nakhon Si Thammarat, Kingdom of Sukhothai, Kingdom of Lavo, and Kingdom of Suphannaphum. The Kingdom of Sukhothai was integrated into the Kingdom of Ayutthaya along with its noble famlies.[17]
Pre-Ayutthaya era (Ayodhya period)
| Ayodhya Governor Seat | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Regnal name | Reign from | Reign until | Notes |
| Phra Narai พระนารายณ์ |
1082 | 1087 | Both ruler of the Ayodhya seat and the Kingdom of Lavo |
| Vacancy of the governor seat; the line split into the Ayodhya seat and the Lavapura seat (the Kingdom of Lavo) | |||
| Phra Chao Luang พระเจ้าหลวง |
1089 | 1111 | |
| Sai Nam Peung สายน้ำผึ้ง |
1165 | 1205 | |
| Phra Chao Thammikaraja พระเจ้าธรรมิกราชา |
1205 | 1253 | Full regnal name according to the Miscellaneous Laws (Phra Aiyakan Betset) under the parent law, Three Seals Law, enacted in 1225 AD (BE 1768): Phrabat Somdet Phra Ramathibodi Sriwisutthiburusodom Borommachakkraphat Thammikaraja Dechochaithepadithep Triphuwanathibet Barombophit Phra Phutthi Chao Yu Hua (Thai: พระบาทสมเดจ์พระรามาธิบดีศรีวิสุทธิบุรุโสดมบรมจักรพรรดิธรรมิกกราชเดโชไชเทพาดิเทพตรีภูวนาธิเบศ บรมบพิตรพระพุทธิเจ้าอยู่หัว)[18] |
| Phra Chao Uthong พระเจ้าอู่ทอง |
1253 | 1289 | |
| Phra Chao Chaisen พระเจ้าชัยเสน |
1289 | 1301 | |
| Phra Chao Suwanracha พระเจ้าสุวรรณราชา |
1301 | 1310 | |
| Phra Chao Thammaracha พระเจ้าธรรมราชา |
1310 | 1344 | |
| Phra Boromracha พระบรมราชา |
1344 | 1351 | |
| Phra Chao Uthong พระเจ้าอู่ทอง |
1344 | 1351 | After King Phraek Si Racha of the Lavapura seat passed, the throne passed through his daughter Son Sai, onto her son, the governor of Ayodhya: Phra Chao Uthong[19] |
| Merger with Ayutthaya after Ramathibodi I, the Lord Uthong, inherited the Kingdom of Lavo | |||
1st Uthong dynasty (1351–1370)
| No. | Portrait | Regnal name | Personal name | Birth | Reign from | Reign until | Death | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | File:อนุสาวรีย์พระเจ้าอู่ทอง342.jpg | Somdet Phra Ramathibodi I สมเด็จพระรามาธิบดีที่ ๑ |
Phra Chao Uthong พระเจ้าอู่ทอง |
3 April 1314 | 4 March 1351[20] | 1369 (18 years) (63 years old) |
• First King of Ayutthaya | |
| 2 | File:Portrait of King Ramesuan(2).jpg | Somdet Phra Ramesuan สมเด็จพระราเมศวร |
1339 | 1369 | 1370 (less than one year) (abdicated) |
1395 (56 years old) |
• Son of Uthong | |
.jpg){kind=link}
1st Suphannaphum dynasty (1370–1388)
As previously mentioned, the kingdom of Ayutthaya was the result of the unification between two federations: Lavo and Suphannaphum. The ruling dynasty of Lavo gave rise to the Uthong Dynasty, in which the Suphannaphum dynasty came from the Suphannaphum federation. This federation held significant influence within the kingdom leading them to take control of the throne in 1310.
| Suphannaphum Governor Seat | ||
|---|---|---|
| Regnal name | Reign | Notes |
| Uthong I | unknown |
|
| Uthong II | until 1335 |
|
| Uthong III | 1335 - 1351 |
|
| Pho Ngouy | 1351 - 1370 |
|
| Pho Ngouy became king Borommarachathirat I | ||
| Sri Thephahurat | 1370 - 1374 |
|
| Nakhon In | 1374 - 1408 |
|
| Nakhon In became Intharachathirat | ||
| Ai Phaya | 1408 - 1424 |
|
| Merger with Ayutthaya | ||
| No. | Portrait | Regnal name | Personal name | Birth | Reign from | Reign until | Death | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | File:Borommarachathirat I.jpg | Somdet Phra Borommarachathirat I สมเด็จพระบรมราชาธิราชที่ ๑ |
Khun Luang Pha Ngua ขุนหลวงพะงั่ว |
1310 | 1370 | 1388 (18 years) (78 years old) |
• Usurper, former Lord of Suphanburi • Husband of Uthong's older sister | |
| 4 | Somdet Phra Chao Thong Lan สมเด็จพระเจ้าทองลัน |
1374 | 1388 (7 days) (14 years old) |
• Son of Borommarachathirat I | ||||
2nd Uthong dynasty (1388–1409)
| No. | Portrait | Regnal name | Personal name | Birth | Reign from | Reign until | Death | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (2) | File:Portrait of King Ramesuan(2).jpg | Somdet Phra Ramesuan สมเด็จพระราเมศวร |
1339 | 1388 | 1395 (7 years) (56 years old) |
• Former King reclaiming the throne • Son of Uthong | ||
| 5 | File:No picture Thai monarchs.svg | Somdet Phra Ramrachathirat สมเด็จพระรามราชาธิราช |
Somdet Phraya Ram Chao สมเด็จพญารามเจ้า |
1356 | 1395 | 1409 (14 years) (usurped) |
? | • Son of Ramesuan |
2nd Suphannaphum dynasty (1409–1569)
| No. | Portrait | Regnal name | Personal name | Birth | Reign from | Reign until | Death | Notes | Viceroy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 | File:King Intharacha of Ayutthaya.jpg | Somdet Phra Intharachathirat สมเด็จพระนครินทราธิราช |
Chao Nakhon In เจ้านครอินทร์ |
1359 | 1409 | 1424 (15 years) (65 years old) |
• Former Lord of Suphanburi, offered crown • Nephew of Borommarachathirat I | ||
| 7 | File:No picture Thai monarchs.svg | Somdet Phra Borommarachathirat II สมเด็จพระบรมราชาธิราชที่ ๒ |
Chao Sam Phraya เจ้าสามพระยา |
1386 | 1424 | 1448 (24 years) (62 years old) |
• Son of Intharachathirat | File:No picture Thai monarchs.svg Ramesuan (son) | |
| 8 | Somdet Phra Borommatrailokkanat สมเด็จพระบรมไตรโลกนาถ |
Phra Ramesuan (II) พระราเมศวร (ที่๒) |
1431 | 1448 | 1488 (40 years) (57 years old) |
• Son of Borommarachathirat II | File:No picture Thai monarchs.svg Chettha (son) | ||
| Administrative reform Chatusadom, 1454 | |||||||||
| 9 | File:No picture Thai monarchs.svg | Somdet Phra Borommarachathirat III สมเด็จพระบรมราชาธิราชที่ ๓ |
Phra Borommaracha พระบรมราชา |
1462 | 1488 | 1491 (3 years) (29 years old) |
• Son of Borommatrailokkanat | File:No picture Thai monarchs.svg Chettha (brother) | |
| 10 | File:No picture Thai monarchs.svg | Somdet Phra Ramathibodi II สมเด็จพระรามาธิบดีที่ ๒ |
Phra Chetthathirat พระเชษฐาธิราช |
1473 | 1491 | 10 October 1529 (38 years) (56 years old) |
• Younger brother of Borommarachathirat III • Son of Borommatrailokkanat |
File:No picture Thai monarchs.svg Athittayawong (son) | |
| 11 | File:No picture Thai monarchs.svg | Somdet Phra Borommarachathirat IV สมเด็จพระบรมราชาธิราชที่ ๔ |
Phra Athittayawong พระอาทิตยวงศ์ |
1488 | 10 October 1529 | 1533 (4 years) (45 years old) |
• Son of Ramathibodi II | File:No picture Thai monarchs.svg Chairacha (brother) | |
| 12 | File:No picture Thai monarchs.svg | Somdet Phra Ratsadathirat สมเด็จพระรัษฎาธิราช |
1529 | 1533 (5 months) (4 years old) |
• Son of Borommarachathirat IV • Child king, reigned under regency |
Vacant | |||
| 13 | File:No picture Thai monarchs.svg | Somdet Phra Chairachathirat สมเด็จพระไชยราชาธิราช |
1499 | 1533 | 1546 (13 years) (47 years old) |
• Usurper, uncle of Ratsadathirat • Younger brother of Borommarachathirat IV • Son of Ramathibodi II | |||
| 14 | File:King Kaeofa.jpg | Somdet Phra Yotfa สมเด็จพระยอดฟ้า |
1535 | 1546 | 1548 (2 years) (usurped) |
10 June 1548 (13 years old) |
• Son of Chairachathirat | ||
| — | File:No picture Thai monarchs.svg | Khun Worawongsathirat ขุนวรวงศาธิราช |
Bunsi บุญศรี |
1503 | before 10 June 1548 | 11 November 1548 – 5 January 1549 (154 days) (45 years old) |
• Usurper, not accepted by some historians | File:No picture Thai monarchs.svg Chan (brother) | |
| 15 | File:No picture Thai monarchs.svg | Somdet Phra Maha Chakkraphat สมเด็จพระมหาจักรพรรดิ |
Phra Chao Chang Pheuak พระเจ้าช้างเผือก or Phra Thianracha พระเทียรราชา |
1509 | 1548 | 1568 (20 years) (59 years old) |
• Son of Ramathibodi II • Younger brother of Borommarachathirat IV and Chairachathirat • Seized the throne from a usurper • Became a Buddhist monk at Pegu (1564–1568), resumed power |
File:No picture Thai monarchs.svg Ramesuan (son) | |
| File:No picture Thai monarchs.svg Mahin (son) | |||||||||
| 16 | File:No picture Thai monarchs.svg | Somdet Phra Mahinthrathirat สมเด็จพระมหินทราธิราช |
1539 | 1568 | 2 August 1569 (1 year) (deposed) |
c. late 1569 (30 years old) |
• Son of Maha Chakkraphat and Queen Suriyothai | Vacant | |
| First Fall of Ayutthaya | |||||||||
Sukhothai dynasty (1569–1629)
| No. | Portrait | Regnal name | Personal name | Birth | Reign from | Reign until | Death | Notes | Viceroy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vassal of the First Toungoo Empire (1569–1584) | |||||||||
| 17 | File:No picture Thai monarchs.svg | Somdet Phra Sanphet I สมเด็จพระสรรเพชญ์ที่ ๑ |
Somdet Phra Maha Thammarachathirat สมเด็จพระมหาธรรมราชาธิราช |
1517 | 1569 | c. 30 June 1590 (21 years) (73 years old) |
• Former Lord of Phitsanulok • Son-in-law of Maha Chakkraphat and Queen Suriyothai • Installed as vassal of Bayinnaung of Burma, declared independence in 1584 |
File:KingNU.jpg Naresuan (son) | |
| Independence from the First Toungoo Empire, 1584 | |||||||||
| 18 | File:KingNU.jpg | Somdet Phra Sanphet II สมเด็จพระสรรเพชญ์ที่ ๒ |
Somdet Phra Naresuan the Great สมเด็จพระนเรศวรมหาราช |
1555/56 | 1 July 1590 | 25 April 1605 (15 years) (49 years old) |
• Son of Maha Thammarachathirat | File:Ekatotsarotwpamok06.jpg Ekathotsarot (brother) | |
| 19 | File:Ekatotsarotwpamok06.jpg | Somdet Phra Sanphet III สมเด็จพระสรรเพชญ์ที่ ๓ |
Somdet Phra Ekathotsarot สมเด็จพระเอกาทศรถ |
1557 | 25 April 1605 | 1610 (5 years) (53 years old) |
• Brother of Naresuan • Son of Maha Thammarachathirat |
File:No picture Thai monarchs.svg Suthat (son) | |
| 20 | File:No picture Thai monarchs.svg | Somdet Phra Sanphet IV สมเด็จพระสรรเพชญ์ที่ ๔ |
Somdet Phra Si Saowaphak สมเด็จพระศรีเสาวภาคย์ |
1585 | 1610 | 1611 (1 year, 2 months) (26 years old) |
• Son of Ekathotsarot | Vacant | |
| 21 | File:King Songtham.jpg | Somdet Phra Borommaracha I สมเด็จพระบรมราชาที่ ๑ |
Somdet Phra Songtham สมเด็จพระเจ้าทรงธรรม |
1590 | 1611 | 12 December 1628 (17 years) (38 years old) |
• Son of Ekathotsarot, invited to take the throne after leaving the Sangha | File:No picture Thai monarchs.svg Si Sorarak (son) | |
| 22 | File:No picture Thai monarchs.svg | Somdet Phra Borommaracha II สมเด็จพระบรมราชาที่ ๒ |
Somdet Phra Chetthathirat สมเด็จพระเชษฐาธิราช |
c. 1613 | 12 December 1628 | 1628–1629 (1 year) (16 years old) |
• Son of Songtham | Vacant | |
| 23 | File:No picture Thai monarchs.svg | Somdet Phra Athittayawong สมเด็จพระอาทิตยวงศ์ |
1620 | 1629 (36 days) (usurped) |
1637 (17 years old) |
• Younger brother of Chetthathirat • Son of Songtham | |||
Prasat Thong dynasty (1629–1688)
| No. | Portrait | Regnal name | Personal name | Birth | Reign from | Reign until | Death | Notes | Viceroy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 24 | File:Portrait of King Prasat Thong.jpeg | Somdet Phra Chao Sanphet V สมเด็จพระสรรเพชญ์ที่ ๕ |
Somdet Phra Chao Prasat Thong สมเด็จพระเจ้าปราสาททอง |
1599 | 1629[21][22] | August 1655 (26 years) (56 years old) |
• Usurper, formerly the Kalahom • Rumored to be a son of Ekathotsarot |
Vacant | |
| 25 | File:No picture Thai monarchs.svg | Somdet Phra Sanphet VI สมเด็จพระสรรเพชญ์ที่ ๖ |
Somdet Chao Fa Chai สมเด็จเจ้าฟ้าไชย |
1630 | August 1655 | 1656 (1 year) (26 years old) |
• Son of Prasat Thong | ||
| 26 | File:No picture Thai monarchs.svg | Somdet Phra Sanphet VII สมเด็จพระสรรเพชญ์ที่ ๗ |
Somdet Phra Si Suthammaracha สมเด็จพระศรีสุธรรมราชาธ |
1600 | August 1656 | 26 October 1656 (~2 months) (56 years old) |
• Usurper, uncle of Chai • Younger brother of Prasat Thong |
File:Narai.JPG Narai (nephew) | |
| 27 | File:Narai.JPG | Somdet Phra Ramathibodi III สมเด็จพระรามาธิบดีที่ ๓ |
Somdet Phra Narai the Great สมเด็จพระนารายณ์มหาราช |
16 February 1632 | 26 October 1656 | 11 July 1688 (32 years) (56 years old) |
• Usurper, nephew of Si Suthammaracha • Son of Prasat Thong • Half-brother of Chai • Former Front Palace |
Vacant | |
| The Siamese revolution of 1688; populist upheaval[23] | |||||||||
Ban Phlu Luang dynasty (1688–1767)
| No. | Portrait | Regnal name | Personal name | Birth | Reign from | Reign until | Death | Notes | Viceroy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 28 | File:PITERA TJAY Rex Siam by Gaspar Bouttat 1690.jpg | Somdet Phra Phetracha สมเด็จพระเพทราชา |
Somdet Phra Mahaburut สมเด็จพระมหาบุรุษ |
1632 | 11 July 1688 | 5 February 1703 (14 years) (71 years old) |
• Former commander of the Elephant Corps • Son-in-law of Narai |
File:พระบรมรูป สมเด็จพระเจ้าเสือ วัดไทร.jpg Sorasak (son) | |
| 29 | File:พระบรมรูป สมเด็จพระเจ้าเสือ วัดไทร.jpg | Somdet Phra Sanphet VIII สมเด็จพระสรรเพชญ์ที่ ๘ |
Somdet Phra Suriyenthrathibodi สมเด็จพระเจ้าสุริเยนทราธิบดี or Phra Chao Seua พระเจ้าเสือ |
1661 | 5 February 1703 | 9 February 1709 (7 years) (48 years old) |
• Adoptive son of Phetracha • Son of Narai and Chiang Mai's Princess that was given to be Phetracha's wife later |
File:Ang Thong - Pa Mok (2024) - King Si Sanphet IX (King Thai Sa) statue Wat Pa Mok พระเจ้าอยู่หัวท้ายสระ วัดป่าโมก - img 04.jpg Phet (son) | |
| 30 | File:Ang Thong - Pa Mok (2024) - King Si Sanphet IX (King Thai Sa) statue Wat Pa Mok พระเจ้าอยู่หัวท้ายสระ วัดป่าโมก - img 04.jpg | Somdet Phra Sanphet IX สมเด็จพระสรรเพชญ์ที่ ๙ |
Phra Chao Thai Sa พระเจ้าท้ายสระ |
1679 | 9 February 1709 | 13 January 1733 (23 years) (54 years old) |
• Son of Suriyenthrathibodi | File:Boromkot wat hantra 1.jpg Phon (brother) | |
| 31 | File:Boromkot wat hantra 1.jpg | Somdet Phra Maha Thammarachathirat II สมเด็จพระมหาธรรมราชาธิราชที่ ๒ |
Somdet Phra Chao Yu Hua Borommakot สมเด็จพระเจ้าอยู่หัวบรมโกศ |
c. 1681[24] | 13 January 1733 | 26 April 1758 (26 years) (77 years old) |
• Brother of Thai Sa • Son of Suriyenthrathibodi • Former Front Palace |
File:No picture Thai monarchs.svg Senaphithak (son) | |
| File:Burmese Depiction of an Ayutthaya King.jpg Phonphinit (son) | |||||||||
| 32 | File:Burmese Depiction of an Ayutthaya King.jpg | Somdet Phra Maha Thammarachathirat III สมเด็จพระมหาธรรมราชาธิราชที่ ๓ |
Somdet Phra Chao Uthumphon สมเด็จพระเจ้าอุทุมพร |
1733 | 1 May 1758 | 1758 (3 months) | 1796 (~63 years old) |
• Son of Borommakot • Former Front Palace |
Vacant |
| 33 | File:KingEkkathat Wat Lamud Ayutthaya (cropped).jpg | Somdet Phra Borommaracha III สมเด็จพระบรมราชาที่ ๓ |
Somdet Phra Thinang Suriyat Amarin สมเด็จพระที่นั่งสุริยาศน์อมรินทร์ or Somdet Phra Chao Ekkathat สมเด็จพระเจ้าเอกทัศ |
1718 | 1758 | 7 April 1767 (9 years) | 17 April 1767 (49 years old) |
• Usurper, brother of Uthumphon • Son of Borommakot | |
| Second Fall of Ayutthaya | |||||||||
_-_King_Si_Sanphet_IX_(King_Thai_Sa)_statue_Wat_Pa_Mok_%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0_%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%81_-_img_04.jpg){kind=link}
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Thonburi Kingdom (1767–1782)
Thonburi dynasty (1767–1782)
| No. | Portrait | Regnal name | Personal name | Birth | Reign from | Reign until | Death | Notes | Viceroy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | File:Monument of King Taksin in Wat Kungtapao.jpg | Somdet Phra Sanphet X สมเด็จพระสรรเพชญ์ที่ ๑๐ or Somdet Phra Borommaracha IV สมเด็จพระบรมราชาที่ ๔ |
Somdet Phra Chao Taksin the Great สมเด็จพระเจ้าตากสินมหาราช |
17 April 1734 | 28 December 1767 | 1 April 1782 (14 years) (deposed) [25][26][lower-alpha 1] |
7 April 1782 (47 years old) (executed)[lower-alpha 2] |
• Son of Yong Saetae, a Teochew Chinese family named "Tea" (鄭) or "Zheng" in Mandarin Chinese, and Thephamat • Only King of Thonburi |
File:No picture Thai monarchs.svg Inthraphithak (son) |
| The coup seized power as the Rattanakosin Kingdom[28] | |||||||||
Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–present)
Chakri dynasty (1782–present)
| No. | Portrait | Regnal name | Personal name | Birth (Parents) |
Accession (Coronation) |
Reign until | Death | Notes | Viceroy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | File:Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke portrait.jpg | Somdet Phra Ramathibodi IV สมเด็จพระรามาธิบดีที่ ๔ (name originally taken) or Rama I พระรามที่ ๑/รัชกาลที่ ๑ (retroactively given) |
Phrabat Somdet Phra Paramoruracha Maha Chakri Boromanat Phra Phutthayotfa Chulalok the Great พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรโมรุราชามหาจักรีบรมนารถ พระพุทธยอดฟ้าจุฬาโลกมหาราช (posthumously by Rama III) or Somdet Chao Phraya Maha Kasatseuk สมเด็จเจ้าพระยามหากษัตริย์ศึก |
20 March 1737 4th child (2nd son) of Thongdi and Daoreung |
6 April 1782 (1st: 10 June 1782, 2nd: 17 June 1785) |
7 September 1809 (27 years, 154 days) (72 years old) |
• Father-in-law of Taksin • His father was a great-grandson of Kosa Pan, his mother the daughter of a Hokkien Chinese millionaire family. • Claimed to be a descendant of the Sukhothai dynasty |
File:Maha Sura Singhanat.jpg Maha Sura Singhanat (brother) | |
| File:Buddha Loetla Nabhalai portrait.jpg Itsarasunthon (son) | |||||||||
| 2 | File:Buddha Loetla Nabhalai portrait.jpg | Rama II พระรามที่ ๒/รัชกาลที่ ๒ (retroactively given) |
Phrabat Somdet Phra Boromratchapongchet Maha Itsarasunthon Phra Phutthaloetla Naphalai พระบาทสมเด็จพระบรมราชพงษเชษฐมเหศวรสุนทร พระพุทธเลิศหล้านภาลัย (posthumously by Rama III) |
24 February 1767 4th child (2nd son) of Rama I and Queen Amarindra |
7 September 1809 (17 September 1809) |
21 July 1824 (14 years, 317 days) (57 years old) |
• Son of Rama I | File:No picture Thai monarchs.svg Maha Senanurak (brother) | |
| 3 | File:Nangklao portrait.jpg | Rama III พระรามที่ ๓/รัชกาลที่ ๓ (retroactively given) |
Phrabat Somdet Phra Paramathiworaset Maha Chetsadabodin Phra Nangklao Chao Yu Hua พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรมาธิวรเสรฐมหาเจษฎาบดินทรฯ พระนั่งเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว (posthumously by Rama IV) or Phra Maha Chettha Chao พระมหาเจษฎาราชเจ้า |
31 March 1788 3rd child (2nd son) of Rama II and 1st child of Consort Sri Sulalai |
21 July 1824 (1 August 1824) |
2 April 1851 (26 years, 255 days) (63 years old) |
• Son of Rama II • His mother was a great-great-great-great-granddaughter of Sultan Sulaiman Shah of Singora. |
File:วัดไพชยนต์พลเสพย์ราชวรวิหาร อ.พระประแดง จ.สมุทรปราการ (17).jpg Sakdiphonlasep (uncle) | |
| 4 | Rama IV พระรามที่ ๔/รัชกาลที่ ๔ (retroactively given) |
Phrabat Somdet Phra Poramenthra Ramathibodhi Srisindra Maha Mongkut Phra Chomklao Chao Yu Hua พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรเมนทรรามาธิบดีศรีสินทรมหามงกุฎ พระจอมเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว or Phra Sayam Thewa Maha Makut Witthaya the Great พระสยามเทวมหามกุฏวิทยมหาราช |
18 October 1804 44th child (22nd son) of Rama II and 2nd child of Queen Sri Suriyendra |
2 April 1851 (15 May 1851) |
1 October 1868 (17 years, 182 days) (63 years old) |
• Half-brother of Rama III • Son of Rama II |
File:Pinklao.jpg Pinklao (brother) | ||
| The feudal system was changed to absolute monarchy in 1892 | |||||||||
| 5 | Rama V พระรามที่ ๕/รัชกาลที่ ๕ (retroactively given) |
Phrabat Somdet Phra Poraminthra Maha Chulalongkorn Phra Chulachomklao Chao Yu Hua พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรมินทรมหาจุฬาลงกรณ์ฯ พระจุลจอมเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว or Phra Piya the Great พระปิยมหาราช (His full name is 979 characters long) |
20 September 1853 9th child (5th son) of Rama IV and 1st child of Queen Debsirindra |
1 October 1868 (1st: 11 November 1868, 2nd: 16 November 1873) |
23 October 1910 (42 years, 22 days) (57 years old) |
• Son of Rama IV • Under regency of Sri Suriwongse (1868–1873) |
File:Bovorn Vichaichan.jpg Wichaichan (cousin) | ||
| Viceroyalty abolished in 1885 after the Front Palace Crisis | |||||||||
| 6 | Rama VI พระรามที่ ๖/รัชกาลที่ ๖ (new regnal name) |
Phrabat Somdet Phra Poramenthra Maha Vajiravudh Phra Mongkutklao Chao Yu Hua พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรเมนทรมหาวชิราวุธ พระมงกุฎเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว or Phra Maha Thirarat Chao พระมหาธีรราชเจ้า |
1 January 1881 28th child (11th son) of Rama V and 2nd child of Queen Saovabha Phongsri |
23 October 1910 (1st: 11 November 1910, 2nd: 28 November 1911) |
26 November 1925 (15 years, 34 days) (44 years old) |
• Son of Rama V | |||
| 7 | Rama VII พระรามที่ ๗/รัชกาลที่ ๗ |
Phrabat Somdet Phra Poramenthra Maha Prajadhipok Phra Pokklao Chao Yu Hua พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรมินทรมหาประชาธิปก พระปกเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว |
8 November 1893 27th child (31st son) of Rama V and 9th child of Queen Saovabha Phongsri |
26 November 1925 (25 February 1926) |
2 March 1935 (9 years, 96 days) (abdicated) |
30 May 1941 (47 years old) |
• Younger brother of Rama VI • Son of Rama V | ||
| The Siamese revolution of 1932 ended absolute monarchy | |||||||||
| 8 | Rama VIII พระรามที่ ๘/รัชกาลที่ ๘ |
Phrabat Somdet Phra Poramenthra Maha Ananda Mahidol Phra Atthamaramathibodin พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรเมนทรมหาอานันทมหิดล พระอัฐมรามาธิบดินทร |
20 September 1925 2nd child (1st son) of Mahidol Adulyadej and Princess Srinagarindra |
2 March 1935 (13 August 1946; posthumous)[29] |
9 June 1946 (11 years, 99 days) (20 years old) |
• Grandson of Rama V • Nephew of Rama VII • Under regency from 1935 to 1946 | |||
| 9 | Rama IX พระรามที่ ๙/รัชกาลที่ ๙ |
Phrabat Somdet Phra Poraminthra Maha Bhumibol Adulyadej the Great Mahitalathibet Ramathibodi Chakri Naribodin Sayamintharathirat Boromanatbophit พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรมินทรมหาภูมิพลอดุลยเดช มหาราช มหิตลาธิเบศรรามาธิบดี จักรีนฤบดินทร สยามินทราธิราช บรมนาถบพิตร or Phra Phatthara the Great พระภัทรมหาราช |
5 December 1927 3rd child (2nd son) of Mahidol Adulyadej and Princess Srinagarindra |
9 June 1946 (5 May 1950) |
13 October 2016 (70 years, 126 days) (88 years old) |
• Younger brother of Rama VIII • Grandson of Rama V • Under regency from 1946 to 1949 | |||
| 10 | Rama X พระรามที่ ๑๐/รัชกาลที่ ๑๐ |
Phrabat Somdet Phra Poramenthra Mahathibodi Sisinthara Maha Vajiralongkorn Phra Wachiraklao Chao Yu Hua พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรเมนทรรามาธิบดีศรีสินทรมหาวชิราลงกรณ พระวชิรเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว |
28 July 1952 2nd child (only son) of Rama IX and Queen Sirikit |
13 October 2016 (4 May 2019)[30] |
Incumbent (8 years, 103 days) (72 years old) |
• Son of Rama IX | |||
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Timeline of monarchs
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Family tree of the Thai monarchs
-
Family tree of the kings of Siam/Thailand
Used regnal names
| Name | Last holder | Next numerical order | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Image | Name | |||
| Rama | Rama X พระรามที่ ๑๐/รัชกาลที่ ๑๐ |
Rama XI | ||
| Ramathibodi | Somdet Phra Ramathibodi IV สมเด็จพระรามาธิบดีที่ ๔ (Rama I's original regnal name) |
Ramathibodi V | ||
| Sanphet | Somdet Phra Sanphet X สมเด็จพระสรรเพชญ์ที่ ๑๐ |
Sanphet XI | ||
| Borommaracha | Somdet Phra Borommaracha III สมเด็จพระบรมราชาที่ ๓ |
Borommaracha IV | ||
| Borommarachathirat | Somdet Phra Borommarachathirat IV สมเด็จพระบรมราชาธิราชที่ ๔ |
Borommarachathirat V | ||
| Maha Thammaracha | Phra Maha Thammaracha IV พระมหาธรรมราชาที่ ๔ |
Maha Thammaracha V | ||
| Thammarachathirat | Somdet Phra Maha Thammarachathirat III สมเด็จพระมหาธรรมราชาธิราชที่ ๓ |
Thammarachathirat IV | ||
| Phetracha | Somdet Phra Phetracha สมเด็จพระเพทราชา |
Phetracha II | ||
| Athittayawong | Somdet Phra Athittayawong สมเด็จพระอาทิตยวงศ์ |
Athittayawong II
| ||
| Mahintharathirat | Somdet Phra Mahintharathirat สมเด็จพระมหินทราธิราช |
Mahintharathirat II | ||
| Ratsadathirat | Somdet Phra Ratsadathirat สมเด็จพระรัษฎาธิราช |
Ratsadathirat II | ||
| Chairachathirat | Somdet Phra Chairachathirat สมเด็จพระไชยราชาธิราช |
Chairachathirat II | ||
| Yotfa | Somdet Phra Yotfa สมเด็จพระยอดฟ้า |
Yotfa II | ||
| Worawongsathirat | Khun Worawongsathirat ขุนวรวงศาธิราช |
Worawongsathirat II | ||
| Maha Chakkraphat | Somdet Phra Maha Chakkraphat สมเด็จพระมหาจักรพรรดิ |
Maha Chakkraphat II | ||
| Intharachathirat | Somdet Phra Intharachathirat สมเด็จพระนครินทราธิราช |
Intharachathirat II | ||
| Borommatrailokkanat | Somdet Phra Borommatrailokkanat สมเด็จพระบรมไตรโลกนาถ |
Borommatrailokkanat II | ||
| Ramesuan | Somdet Phra Ramesuan สมเด็จพระราเมศวร |
Ramesuan II
| ||
| Ramrachathirat | Somdet Phra Ramrachathirat สมเด็จพระรามราชาธิราช |
Ramrachathirat II | ||
| Thong Lan | Somdet Phra Chao Thong Lan สมเด็จพระเจ้าทองลัน |
Thong Lan II | ||
| Loe Thai | Phraya Loe Thai พระยาเลอไทย |
Loe Thai II | ||
| Ngua Nam Thum | Phraya Ngua Nam Thum พระยางั่วนำถุม |
Ngua Nam Thum II | ||
| Rammarat | Phrabat Kamonteng Ansi Rammarat พระบาทกมรเตงอัญศรีรามราช |
Rammarat II | ||
| Ban Meuang | Pho Khun Ban Mueang พ่อขุนบานเมือง |
Ban Mueang II | ||
| Inthrabodinthrathit | Kamonteng Ansi Inthrabodinthrathit กมรเตงอัญศรีอินทรบดินทราทิตย์ |
Inthrabodinthrathit II | ||
See also
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Monarchs of Thailand.
- Family tree of Thai monarchs
- Monarchy of Thailand
- List of rulers of Lan Na
- List of Thai royal consorts
- Rama (Kings of Thailand)
- Chakri dynasty
- Regent of Thailand
- Thailand
Notes
References
- ↑ Jones, Robert B. (June 1971). "Thai titles and ranks; including a translation of Traditions of royal lineage in Siam by King Chulalongkorn". Southeast Asia Program Data Papers Series. hdl:1813/57549 – via Cornell University.
- ↑ ""สยาม" ถูกใช้เรียกชื่อประเทศเป็นทางการสมัยรัชกาลที่ 4" (in ไทย). ศิลปวัฒนธรรม. 6 July 2017. Retrieved 10 August 2017.
- ↑ "Siam definition and meaning". Collins English Dictionary. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
- ↑ Pittayaporn, Pittayawat (2014). Layers of Chinese loanwords in Proto-Southwestern Tai as Evidence for the Dating of the Spread of Southwestern Tai Archived 27 June 2015 at the Wayback Machine. MANUSYA: Journal of Humanities, Special Issue No 20: 47–64.
- ↑ Probably The Chiang Mai Chronicle, ISBN 974-7100-62-2
- ↑ Wyatt, D. K. Thailand, A Short History, p. 35–38, Bangkok 2003
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Cœdès, G. (1921). "The Origins of the Sukhodaya Dynasty" (PDF). Journal of the Siam Society. 14 (1). Siam Heritage Trust. Retrieved March 17, 2013.
(1) The translation of this paper, which has been read at a joint session of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, Société Asiatique, and American Oriental Society, and published in the Journal asiatique (April–June 1920), is the work of Mr. J. Crosby, to whom the author begs to tend his heartfelt thanks.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Cœdès, George (1968). Walter F. Vella (ed.). The Indianized States of Southeast Asia. trans. Susan Brown Cowing. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-0368-1.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Chakrabongse, C., 1960, Lords of Life, London: Alvin Redman Limited
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 David K. Wyatt (2004). Thailand: A Short History (2nd ed.). Silkworm Books. p. 59.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Foundation, 2011: 43.
- ↑ Pan Hla, Nai (1968). Razadarit Ayedawbon (in Burmese) (8th printing, 2005 ed.). Yangon: Armanthit Sarpay.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ↑ Pan Hla 2005: 38
- ↑ Sukhothai Studies Encyclopedia Commission, 1996: 41.
- ↑ Patit Paban Mishra (2010). The History of Thailand. Greenwood. p. 39.
- ↑ "History of Ayutthaya - Temples & Ruins - Wat Ayodhya". www.ayutthaya-history.com. Retrieved 2024-07-06.
- ↑ The royal chronicles of Ayutthaya. Internet Archive. Bangkok : The Siam Society. 2000. ISBN 978-974-8298-48-1.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ↑ The Fine Arts Department of Thailand. (1978). Rūang Kotmāi trā 3 dūang [Three Seals Law] เรื่องกฎหมายตราสามดวง (in Thai). Bangkok: The Fine Arts Department of Thailand. p. 414. OCLC 934462978
- ↑ "clra53_0235". www.car.chula.ac.th. Retrieved 2024-07-06.
- ↑ Baker, Chris; Phongpaichit, Pasuk (2017). A History of Ayutthaya: Siam in the Early Modern World. Cambridge University Press. p. 43. ISBN 978-1-316-64113-2.
- ↑ Baker, Chris; Phongpaichit, Pasuk (2017). A History of Ayutthaya: Siam in the Early Modern World (Kindle ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-316-64113-2.
- ↑ Wyatt, David K. (2003). Thailand : A Short History (2nd ed.). Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books. ISBN 974957544X.
- ↑ Baker, Chris; Phongpaichit, Pasuk (2017). A History of Ayutthaya: Siam in the Early Modern World (Kindle ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 43. ISBN 978-1-316-64113-2.
- ↑ Baker, Chris; Phongpaichit, Pasuk. A History of Thailand Third Edition (p. 301). Cambridge University Press. Kindle Edition.
- ↑ Terwiel, B. J. (Barend Jan) (1983). A history of modern Thailand, 1767-1942. St. Lucia; New York : University of Queensland Press. ISBN 978-0-7022-1892-7. Archived from the original on 19 July 2021.
- ↑ chinese society in thailand: an analytical history. cornell university press. 1957.
- ↑ "ว่าด้วยพระเจ้าตาก ตอน 5: สองคน สองประวัติศาสตร์ EP.50". YouTube.
3:41-3:55
- ↑ คำให้การ วันประหาร “พระเจ้าตาก” ฉากสุดท้ายกรุงธนบุรี ศิลปวัฒนธรรม ฉบับสิงหาคม 2552
- ↑ Handley, Paul M. (1 January 2006). The King Never Smiles: A Biography of Thailand's Bhumibol Adulyadej. Yale University Press. p. 95. ISBN 978-0-300-13059-1.
- ↑ "Thai king to be crowned in coronation ceremonies May 4–6 - palace". euronews. 1 January 2019. Retrieved 12 November 2019.
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