File:Chess Olympiad Nice 1974.jpg Official logo of the Olympiad.
The 21st Chess Olympiad (French : La 21e Olympiade d'échecs ), organized by FIDE and comprising an open[ 1] team tournament, as well as several other events designed to promote the game of chess , took place between June 6 and June 30, 1974, in Nice , France .
Bobby Fischer was still the reigning World Champion, but had not played a single game of tournament chess since he won the title in 1972 and was not present in Nice either. However, the American team still managed to secure third place in his absence.
For the same reason, for the second time in a row, the Soviet team was not led by the current world champion. It did, however, feature three previous (Tal, Petrosian, and Spassky) as well as one future champion (Karpov). The team won by 8½ points, the biggest victory margin yet, and took home their twelfth consecutive gold medals, with Yugoslavia and the United States taking the silver and bronze, respectively.
With a complete lack of tension in the championship race, the tournament had more than its share of political tension. In Final B, the Tunisian team refused to play Israel, so the score was computed according to Elo ratings , and awarded as a 3–1 win for the Israeli team.
Due to their apartheid policies, both South Africa and Rhodesia were expelled from FIDE with three rounds to go. The South African team withdrew from the tournament, and their Final C results were deleted from the overall standings. After FIDE president Max Euwe failed to have Rhodesia ejected from the Olympiad, they were allowed to finish the tournament and won Final E, with help from default victories against Iraq and Algeria who refused to play them in protest.
Results
Preliminaries
A total of 74 teams were divided into eight preliminary groups of nine or ten teams each, from which the top two advanced to Final A, no. 3-4 to Final B, etc. Preliminary head-to-head results were carried over to the finals, so no team met any other team more than once. All preliminary groups and finals were played as round-robin tournaments .
The results were as follows:
Only two players from the Nicaraguan team arrived in Nice, and after the team were forced to forfeit their first match against Chile, Nicaragua withdrew from the tournament. The forfeit was deleted from the Group 4 standings.
Group 5 :
Finals
Final A
#
Country
Players
Average rating
Points
MP
1
File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union
Karpov , Korchnoi , Spassky , Petrosian , Tal , Kuzmin
2665
46
2
File:Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992).svg Yugoslavia
Gligorić , Ljubojević , Ivkov , Planinc , Velimirović , Parma
2566
37½
3
File:Flag of the United States (23px).png United States
Kavalek , Byrne , Browne , Reshevsky , Lombardy , Tarjan
2586
36½
22
4
File:Flag of Bulgaria (1971–1990).svg Bulgaria
Radulov , Padevsky , Tringov , Popov , Spasov , Kirov
2475
36½
21
5
File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands
Timman , Donner , Sosonko , Ree , Enklaar , Kuijpers
2478
35½
6
File:Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary
Portisch , Bilek , Csom , Ribli , Forintos , Sax
2554
35
7
File:Flag of Germany.svg West Germany
Schmid , Unzicker , Pfleger , Hecht , Dueball , Kestler
2534
32
8
File:Flag of Romania (1965-1989).svg Romania
Gheorghiu , Ciocâltea , Ghițescu , Ghizdavu , Partoș , Pavlov
2468
29½
16
9
File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czechoslovakia
Hort , Jansa , Filip , Přibyl , Plachetka , Lechtýnský
2521
29½
14
10
File:Flag of England.svg England
Hartston , Keene , Penrose , Whiteley , Stean , Markland
2456
26
11
File:Flag of the Philippines (navy blue).svg Philippines
Torre , Cardoso , Naranja , Balinas , Lontoc , Bordonada
2358
25½
12
12
File:Flag of Spain (1945–1977).svg Spain
Pomar , Torán , Calvo , Bellón López , Visier Segovia , Sanz
2428
25½
11
13
File:Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden
Andersson , Ornstein , Jansson , Liljedahl , Uddenfeldt , Kinnmark
2448
25
14
File:Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina
Quinteros , Sanguineti , Najdorf , Rubinetti , Szmetan , Debarnot
2491
23½
15
File:Flag of Finland.svg Finland
Westerinen , Poutiainen , Rantanen , Hurme , Venäläinen , Raaste
2319
22
16
File:Flag of Wales (1959–present).svg Wales
Williams , Hutchings , Jones , Cooper , Sully , Trevelyan
2285
14½
Final B
#
Country
Players
Average rating
Points
MP
17
File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel
Liberzon , Kraidman , Czerniak , Kagan , Bleiman , Radashkovich
2465
40½
18
File:Flag of Austria.svg Austria
Robatsch , Dückstein , Prameshuber , Janetschek , Röhrl , Stoppel
2388
38½
19
File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy
Mariotti , Tatai , Tóth , Cosulich , Zichichi , Cappello
2428
38
20
File:Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia
Castro , Cuartas , Alzate , García , de Greiff , Silva
2354
32½
21
File:Flag of Norway.svg Norway
Øgaard , Johannessen , Zwaig , Hoen , Ulrichsen , Moen
2410
32
19
22
File:Flag of Iceland.svg Iceland
Ólafsson , Sigurjónsson , Jóhannsson , Kristinsson , Ásmundsson , Víglundsson
2456
32
18
23
File:Flag of Poland (1928–1980).svg Poland
Schmidt , Doda , Pytel , Kostro , Adamski , Pokojowczyk
2430
32
17
24
File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada
Suttles , Biyiasas , Yanofsky , Kuprejanov , Day , Piasetski
2419
31
18
25
File:Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba
García González , García Martínez , Rodríguez Cordoba , Jiménez , Estévez Morales , Rodríguez Céspedes
2423
31
15
26
File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark
Andersen , Rath , Moe , Iskov , Kølbæk , Jacobsen
2405
31
14
27
File:Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg Switzerland
Hug , Lombard , Schaufelberger , Wirthensohn , Gereben , Ott
2380
29
28
File:Flag of France.svg France
Maclès , Todorcevic , Seret , Puhm , Bessenay , Benoit
2381
27½
29
File:Flag of Scotland.svg Scotland
Pritchett , McKay , Levy , Jamieson , Bonner , Young
2319
25½
30
File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium
Boey , Van Seters , Beyen , Bonne , De Bruycker , Wostyn
2323
23½
31
File:Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal
Durão , Silva , Cordovil , Ribeiro , Santos L. , Santos J. P.
2306
19½
32
File:Flag of Tunisia (1959–1999).svg Tunisia
Bouaziz , Belkadi , Tabbane , Teboudi K., Najar C., Graa
2200
17½
Final C
#
Country
Players
Average rating
Points
MP
33
File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia
Jamieson , Fuller , Shaw , Woodhams , Pope , Purdy
2286
39
34
File:State Flag of Iran (1964).svg Iran
Harandi , Sharif , Shirazi , Sawadkuhi , Shahsavar , Safarzadeh
2320
34½
35
File:Flag of Brazil (1968–1992).svg Brazil
Mecking , Câmara , van Riemsdijk , Segal , Nóbrega , Toth
2424
32½
36
File:Flag of the People's Republic of Mongolia (1945-1992).svg Mongolia
Lhagva , Ujtumen , Myagmarsuren , Gungabazar, Tumurbator , Purevzhav
2364
31½
37
File:Flag of Ireland.svg Ireland
MacGrillen , Littleton , Cox , Henry , Heidenfeld , Cassidy
2245
30½
38
File:Flag of Chile.svg Chile
Sánchez , Velasco , Bugueño , Letelier , Grunberg , Ojeda
2384
30
17
39
File:Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia
Ardiansyah , Sampouw , Suwuh , Bessaria , Sinulingga , Damanik
2249
30
14
40
File:Flag of Greece (1970-1975).svg Greece
Makropoulos , Skalkotas , Trikaliotis , Vizantiadis , Tsouros , Gavrilakis
2263
27½
16
41
File:Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico
Campos López , Frey , Escondrillas , Ramírez , Lara , Ocampo
2283
27½
14
42
File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey
Onat , Pekün , Bilyap , Olgaç , Erözbek , Süer
2265
27
43
File:Flag of Singapore.svg Singapore
Pang Kwok Leong , Leow , Lee Chee Seng , Choong Liong On , Lim Kok Ann , Chia
2219
25
44
File:Flag of Venezuela (1930–1954).svg Venezuela
Cherem , Gamboa , Sánchez , Caro , Mijares , Guerra
2203
24½
45
File:Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand
Fairhurst , Sarapu , Garbett , Green , Stuart , Kerr
2230
22½
46
File:Flag of Ecuador.svg Ecuador
Yépez , Idrovo , Camatón , Verduga , Galarza , Dillon
2213
22
47
File:Flag of Syria (1972-1980).svg Syria
Rifai S., Kassabe , Tabba , Arik A., Albaba M., Kabbani M.
2200
16
WD
South Africa South Africa [ 2]
Friedgood , Kroon , Korostenski , de Villiers , Bloch , Aalbersberg
2228
-
Final D
#
Country
Players
Average rating
Points
MP
48
File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan
Butt , Farooqui , Ahmad N. , Ahmad I. , Mir , Ali
2200
49½
49
File:Flag of Puerto Rico (1952-1995).svg Puerto Rico
Torres , Moraza Choisme , Colón Romero A. , Freyre , Bird Picó , Falcón
2203
44½
50
File:Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg Dominican Republic
Delgado , Gonzáles , Juliao , Pérez , Pérez Nivar , Yabra
2200
43½
51
File:Flag of Luxembourg.svg Luxembourg
Feller , Milbers , Peters , Schammo , Schneider , Philippe
2201
38½
52
File:Flag of Lebanon.svg Lebanon
Tarazi , Daoud , Thomas , Loheac-Ammoun , Sursock , Bedrossian
2206
35
20
53
File:Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay
Lamas Baliero , Bademian Orchanian , Ricetto , Pastori , Maiztegui Casas , Israel Catán
2200
35
17
54
File:Flag of Panama.svg Panama
Ramón Martínez , Fabrega , Cuéllar , Moreno Merediz , Lombana , Denis
2200
33
55
File:Flag of Monaco.svg Monaco
Tasic , Brodeur , Scharf , Kostjoerin , Martelli R., Angles d'Auriac
2200
29½
56
File:Flag of Malta.svg Malta
Camilleri , Attard , Gouder , Cilia Vincenti , Casha , Soler
2206
29
57
File:Flag of Hong Kong 1959.svg Hong Kong
Kan Wai Shui , Hasan , Ko Chi , Krouk , Sin Kuen , Smith M.
2240
27½
13
58
File:Flag of the Faroe Islands.svg Faroe Islands
Apol , Petersen , Midjord , Olsen , Thomsen , Ziska
2200
27½
12
59
File:Flag of Malaysia 23px.svg Malaysia
Chan Mun Fye , Foo Lum Choon , Choo Min Wang , Wahid , Jamaluddin, Ng
2200
24½
60
File:Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco
Bakali , Nejjar , Sbia , Iraqui , Meftouh , Dakka
2200
21½
61
File:Flag of Jordan.svg Jordan
Al-Mallah , Arafat , Hamam , Sanoseyan , Baslan M., Haddad
2200
17½
62
File:Flag of Guernsey (1936).svg Guernsey
Palmer , Withers , Moriarty , Gavey , Savident , Knight
2200
12
2
63
File:Flag of the United States Virgin Islands.svg United States Virgin Islands
Abraham , Purington , Reussner , Scherman A. , Scherman N. , Fyfe-Reussner , Bushnaq [ 3]
2200
12
2
Final E
#
Country
Players
Average rating
Points
64
File:Flag of Rhodesia (1968–1979).svg Rhodesia
Donnely , Fox , Barlow , Levy , Hillmann , Hope M.
2200
28½
65
File:Flag of Iraq (1963–1991); Flag of Syria (1963–1972).svg Iraq
Al-Shakarchi , Mubarak , Al-Kazzaz R. K., Taha , Muhsin F., Subbar
2200
24½
66
File:Flag of the Netherlands Antilles (1959–1986).svg Netherlands Antilles
Weiland , Zalm , Van Loon , Fernán , Croes , Rigaud O. W.
2200
21½
67
File:Flag of Japan (1870-1999).svg Japan
Gonda , Naito , Hamada , Arita , Tatsutomi , Seki
2200
20½
68
File:Flag of Cyprus (1960–2006).svg Cyprus
Riza , Scoatarin , Vassiades , Hadjittofis , Kleopas , Hadjiyiannis
2200
19
69
File:Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg Trinidad and Tobago
Mohipp A., Brassington F., Ramon-Fortune , Sears , Lee , Poon A. C.
2200
18
70
File:Flag of Algeria.svg Algeria
Chaabi, Bouzida M., Baghli , Hanni F.
2200
17
71
File:Flag of Andorra.svg Andorra
Gómez Abad , Sanz , De la Casa , Iglesias , Pantebre Martínez , Fité Barris
2200
13
72
File:Flag of the Bahamas.svg Bahamas
Antonas , Thompson , Rolle , Adderley , Ramcharran , Ingraham
2200
11
73
File:Flag of the British Virgin Islands.svg British Virgin Islands
Hook , Van Dyke B., Green S. L., Pickering , Downing , Van Dyke
2200
8½
Final «A»
Matches played in semi-finals are italicized.
Final «B»
Matches played in semi-finals and not played are italicized.
Tunisia refused to play Israel because of political reasons. The score was set by default.
Final «C»
Matches played in semi-finals and not played are italicized.
South Africa were expelled from FIDE with three rounds to go and withdrew from the event. Their scores were set as friendlies.
Final «D»
Matches played in semi-finals are italicized.
Final «E»
Matches played in semi-finals and not played are italicized.
Iraq and Algeria refused to play Rhodesia because of political reasons. The scores were set by default.
Individual medals
References
↑ Although commonly referred to as the men's division , this section is open to both male and female players.
↑ The South African team was expelled from FIDE with three rounds remaining. Their matches were deleted from the overall standings.
↑ Mrs. Karen Fyfe-Reussner and Mrs. Renata Bushnaq were allowed to enter the competition due to lack of a few players from basic squad. Bahamas, who were relegated to final E claimed this violated the rules stating no further alterations are possible after deadline. Apparently no one cared.
Official Unofficial Women's only Paralympiad Online