Balush (tribe)

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Balush
Sons of Mohammed عيال محمد
Arab tribe
File:A Photo Of Arab Bloosh In United Arab Emirates.jpg
Balushis in the UAE attending a wedding
EthnicityArab
Location(Sultanate of Oman) – (UAE)[1] - (Makran)
Descended fromDos Zahran (Al-Azd)
BranchesAl-Rend, Al-Raeesi, Al-Huoti, Al-Ameeri
LanguageArabic (Main), Persian
ReligionSunni Islam (Mostly Hanbali)[2]

The Balush (Arabic: البلوش);[3] singular Al-Balushi[4] (Arabic: البلوشي) is one of the Arab[5] Bedouin tribes.[6][7] Members of the tribe can be found in Oman, the United Arab Emirates, and countries bordering the Persian Gulf. The Balush tribe is a branch of the Zahran tribe,[8][9] and the origins of Zahran are from Al-Azd, an ancient Qahtanite tribe (originated from Hijaz). The Balush tribe is one of the Bedouin Tribes.[7] As Heard-Bay the author of From Trucial States to the United Arab Emirates who denied the descend and the relation between the Balush tribe and the Baloch ethnic as mentioned in her book on page 64.[6][10]

Origin of the name

The name is attributed to a valley in which a group of Banu Sulayma bin Malik bin Fahm settled, and one of them at the time was Al-Mukhtar bin Awf, and they took it for themselves and called it, or nicknamed, Ahmed bin Amadah “Balush”, but the real pronunciation is “Balous” (Arabic: بلوص), but the pronunciation has changed over time.[11]

Migration

File:Tribes Map From Trucial States To United Arab Emirates.jpg
Map of (Tribes) The (Balush) Tribe Located Beside The (Bani Qitab) Tribe.[12]

One of the Arab[6] Bedouin[7] tribes traveling in the desert they relocated from Hijaz (Western Arabia) to Oman, Malik bin Fahm that migrated from Hijaz to Oman[13] had 7 sons one of them was Sulaima (the ancestor of the Balush) who fled from Oman to Kerman 300 BC after accidentally killing his father.[14] 1100, The Balush migrated to Ormus to establish their kingdom which ruled the coasts of Oman to Ras Al Hadd and included Al Ahsa and Al Kuta (Kuwait).[15] and In 1728, The Balush tribe migrated from Makran[16] to (Al Dhahirah – Sultanate of Oman),[16] After Imam Saif bin Sultan Al Ya'arubi sought help from the Sheikh of the Balush tribe in Makran due to his war with his cousin Bal'arab bin Himyar.[17] Then most of the Balush of the Dhahirah moved to (Al Ain City – Abu Dhabi, UAE).[1]

About the tribe

The Balush of the Dhahirah formed an important element of the settled population in the land between the Trucial Coast and the Sultanate. These Balush are not to be identified with the people who had come from the former Omani possession Makran, now part of Pakistan, to serve in the Sultan's army as mercenaries, nor are they descended from the Baluchis who settled in Muscat, the coastal towns of the Batinah and the Trucial States (according to the Gazetteer the latter had about 1,400 Baluchis) as traders and fishermen. While these groups retained the use of their language, the Balush of Dhahirah have a tribal organisation, an exclusive dar around their capital Mazam; they are Sunni and speak Arabic.[18]

Relations and conflicts

This explains[clarification needed] their usually good relationship with the Bani Yas and in particular their shaikh's co-operation with the Al Bu Falah in the Buraimi area.[18]

File:Sheikh Saeed Bin Rashid Bin Saeed Al Balushi.png
Sheikh Of Balush (Tribe): Saeed Bin Rashid Al Huoti, Son of Sheikh Rashid Bin Saeed Al Huoti[19][20]

At a time of realignment of tribal loyalties during the first decade of this century, the Balush of Mazām had a dispute with and were attacked by their erstwhile protectors, the Bani Qitab. When the Beduin Bani Qitab converged on Mazam and hostilities there had claimed some victims, the Balush turned to Zayid bin Khalifah for help.[18]

The Balush and Bani Qitab

In February 1906 he[who?] collected his forces with the intention of supporting the Balush of Mazām and extracting blood money from the Bani Qitab on behalf of the Balush. The Bani Qitab had difficulty finding support, but the young Rashid bin Ahmad of Umm al Qaiwain eventually adopted their case as an opportunity to challenge Shaikh Zayid's influence over the tribes in the hinterland. A general war over the Balush dispute was, however, prevented by a meeting of Trucial rulers and shaikhs of the hinterland, convened in Khawānij near Dubai in April 1906. It resulted in the written agreement, already mentioned, regarding the rulers' spheres of influence among the Beduin. Shaikh Zayid bin Khalifah assumed the responsibility for following up all the claims, "important or trifling", which the Balush had against the Bani Qitab, and he instructed his wali, Aḥmad bin Hilal, accordingly.[18]

The Tribe Approach

In the 1950s, however, the Balush followed the tribal structure of society example of neighbouring tribes and tried to use as political bargaining points or to obtain handsome subsidies, the keen interest which the Sultan of Oman and the King of Saudi Arabia had in the allegiance of these tribes at a time when prospecting for oil commenced in their dar.[18]

The Hinawi Grouping

The important tribe of the Bani Ali who traditionally supported the Hinawi Al Ba Sa'id Sultan, live in the Wadi Dhank and Yanqul near the Al Bu Falah-dominated area of Al Ain. The Balush of Dhahirah have also traditionally supported the Hinawiyah. Outside this strong Hinawi grouping west of the Hajar range, there was an important link with tribes in the north, because the Shihuh, the Habus and the Zaab are also Hinawi. The largest Hinawi tribe apart from the Bani Yas are the Sharqiyin of Fujairah on the East Coast.[21]

Dynasties

Kingdom of Ormus

File:Kingdom of Ormuz.png
A map of the emirate of Ormuz, Oman, and the Persian Gulf in the 15th century

Dr. Sultan Al-Qasimi (ruler of Sharjah): When the Hormuzians came, and their name is attributed to the town of Hormuz, 9 km from the Makran Valley, and moved - due to the stagnation of trade in their town - they moved to the island of Geron (Hormuz today), and the King of Kerman satisfied them with money, but they gradually occupied the Persian Gulf region until they formed a large state that included Bahrain, Muscat, Julfar and the entire coast. So what is their origin? They are Arab Balushis from the sons of Muhammad Al-Daramka. The Iranians have an interpretation of the Daramkas, meaning those who minted the dirham. I found in Portugal - when I traveled there - a document in which the King of Hormuz, Turan Shah, mentioned the place where his ancestors came from; he says: They came from the middle of the Arabian Peninsula to the town of (Jalhad), so their origin is from the Arabian Peninsula and Oman. He continues, saying: “I used to tell my peers that my ancestors were a kingdom on the other side of the sea, but it disappeared a long time ago, and I will get it back again”.[22]

The Azdite Balushi Kingdom in Makran

File:Murad bin Mirza Alblooshi.jpg
Ruler of Makran, Murad bin Mirza Al-Balushi (on the left)

When the brothers of Sulaima (Balush tribe’s ancestor) denounced his actions with his father, he fled to the coasts of Gorgan, Makran and Tabaristan, fearing revenge from his clan for his death, and established a kingdom there up to the borders of Sindh, rivaling his brothers, the kings of Oman. The Arab Balush tribe on the eastern coast of the Persian Gulf were his descendants, and the Azd tribe, from the descendants of Malik bin Fahm Al-Azdi, had two kingdoms separated by the waters of the Persian Gulf. The inhabitants of the Balush Kingdom are from the clans and thighs of the Azdi Arabs, relatives of the Ghassanids, and from the Kalbi and Ulafi Arabs who joined Oman and turned into the kingdom of Sulayma east of the Persian Gulf.[23]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Heard-Bey, Frauke (1982). From Trucial States to United Arab Emirates: A Society in Transition. Longman. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-582-27728-1. OCLC 128085175. Archived (Screenshot-Book JPG) from the original on 2021-06-18.
  2. ↑ Oil Company, Arabian American. عمان والساحل الجنوبي للخليج الفارسي [Oman and the southern coast of the Persian Gulf].
  3. ↑ "Al-Balush tribe celebrations of the UAE National Day". WAM – EMIRATES NEWS AGENCY. 2014-12-04.
  4. ↑ Heard-Bey, Frauke (1996). From Trucial States to United Arab Emirates : a society in transition. Better World Books. London : Longman. p. 525. ISBN 978-0-582-27728-1. OCLC 38355501. Balush (singl. Balushi; tribe living in Eastern Arabia) 31, 64-5, 66, 277
  5. ↑ Al-Attar, Adnan. تاريخ قبيلة البلوش [History of Al-Balush] (in Arabic). p. 8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Heard-Bey, Frauke (2005). From Trucial States to United Arab Emirates: A Society in Transition. Motivate. p. 448. ISBN 978-1-86063-167-2. OCLC 1423672447. This does not apply to the members of the tribe called Balush, which has been in Dhahirah for a very long time and is accepted as if it were an Arab tribe.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 "Statement of 'Ali Aba al-Rus [Bedouins Tribes Of Buraimi]". Arabian Gulf Digital Archives. 1954-12-06 [1917]. Archived from the original on 2024-11-06. We spent about six months with Su'ayyid Al Faisal and went from Buraimi with seventy-six riding-camels as gifts from all the Bedouins: Nu'aim, Al Bu Shamis, Bani Kitab [Qitab], Bani Ka'b, The Balush, ...
  8. ↑ Al-Zahrani, Ahmed bin Ali. العنوان في أنساب زهران من الحجاز إلى عُمان وغيرها من البلدان [Title in the genealogies of Zahran from Hijaz to Oman and other countries] (in Arabic). p. 604.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  9. ↑ Khalid bin Sulaiman Al-Balushi (2006). أبو ظبي في عهد زايد الأول (1855-1909) [Abu Dhabi during the reign of Zayed I (1855-1909)] (in Arabic). خالد سليمان البلوشي،. p. 63. ISBN 978-9948-03-217-5.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  10. ↑ Heard-Bey, Frauke (2005). From Trucial States to United Arab Emirates: A Society in Transition. Motivate. p. 64. ISBN 978-1-86063-167-2. OCLC 1423672447. These Balush are not to be identified with the people who had come from the former Omani possession Makran, now part of Pakistan, to serve in the Sultan's army as mercenaries, nor are they descended from the Baluchis who settled in Muscat
  11. ↑ Yusuf Adel Uthman, Al-Balushi. "قبيلة البلوش تاريخ- نسب-انتشار البلوش-معارك-معلومات عامة".
  12. ↑ Heard-Bey, Frauke (1996). From Trucial States to United Arab Emirates: A Society in Transition. Longman. p. 31. ISBN 978-0-582-78032-3. OCLC 1158665719.
  13. ↑ Al-Zahrani, Ahmed bin Ali. العنوان في أنساب زهران من الحجاز إلى عمان وغيرها من البلدان [Title in the Genealogies of Zahran from Hijaz to Oman and Other Countries] (in Arabic). p. 368.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  14. ↑ Al-Sharifi, Ibrahim Jarallah. الموسوعة الذهبية في أنساب قبائل وأسر شبه الجزيرة العربية ، الجزء السابع [The Golden Encyclopedia of the Genealogies of the Tribes and Families of the Arabian Peninsula, Part Seven] (in Arabic).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  15. ↑ Al-Qassimi, Sultan bin Muhammed. تاريخ الملوك النبهانيين في عمان [History of the Nabhani Kings in Oman] (in Arabic). p. 18.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Al-Sayyar, Aisha (1975). دولة اليعاربة في عمان وشرق افريقيا [The Ya’ariba dynasty in Oman and east Africa]. p. 143.
  17. ↑ Qassem, Jamal Zakariya. تاريخ الخليج العربي الحديث والمعاصر [Modern and Contemporary History of the Arabian Gulf] (in Arabic). p. 125.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 Heard-Bey, Frauke (1996). From Trucial States to United Arab Emirates : a society in transition. Better World Books. London : Longman. p. 64. ISBN 978-0-582-27728-1. OCLC 128085175. Archived (Screenshot-Book JPG) from the original on 2021-06-18.
  19. ↑ "Said bin Rashid al Baluch who recently drew attention to himself by flying a Saudi flag and issuing passports also lives here". FO 1016/203 1952 Principal Sheikhs and tribes of Oman.
  20. ↑ "The query has arisen out of Said bin Rashid al Baluchi's activities at 'Araqi (Dhahirah)". FO 1016/167 | PAGE 06.
  21. ↑ Heard-Bey, Frauke (1982). From Trucial States to United Arab Emirates: A Society in Transition. Longman. p. 277. ISBN 978-0-582-78032-3. LCCN 82016212. OL 3496177M. The Balush of Dhahirah have also traditionally supported the Hinawiyah.
  22. ↑ Al-Qasimi, Sultan. رحلة بالغة الأهمية - المخطوطة الكاملة لكتاب دوراتي باربوزا ١٥٦٥م [A Voyage of Great Importance - The Complete Manuscript of the Book of Durate Barbosa 1565 AD] (in Arabic).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  23. ↑ Abu Ras, Fouad King. قبائل تنوخ وأيامهم المشهورة [Tanukh tribes and their famous days] (in Arabic). pp. Reference (16).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
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