Cattleya

Cattleya
	Error creating thumbnail: File missing
	Cattleya labiata
Scientific classification Error creating thumbnail: File missing
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Order:	Asparagales
Family:	Orchidaceae
Subfamily:	Epidendroideae
Tribe:	Epidendreae
Subtribe:	Laeliinae
Genus:	Cattleya; Lindl.
Type species
	Cattleya labiata; Lindl.
Synonyms
	List Sophronia Lindl.; Sophronitis Lindl.; Maelenia Dumort.; Lophoglotis Raf.; × Sophrocattleya Rolfe; Eunannos Porta & Brade; Hoffmannseggella H.G.Jones; Dungsia Chiron & V.P.Castro; × Hadrocattleya V.P.Castro & Chiron; × Hadrodungsia V.P.Castro & Chiron; Hadrolaelia (Schltr.) Chiron & V.P.Castro; × Microcattleya V.P.Castro & Chiron; Microlaelia (Schltr.) Chiron & V.P.Castro; Cattleyella Van den Berg & M.W.Chase; Schluckebieria Braem; × Brasicattleya Campacci; Brasilaelia Campacci; Chironiella Braem; ;

Cattleya (/ˈkætliə/)^[2] is a genus of orchids from Costa Rica south to Argentina.^[1] The genus is abbreviated C in trade journals.^[3]

Description

Epiphytic or terrestrial orchids with cylindrical rhizome from which the fleshy noodle-like roots grow. Pseudobulbs can be conical, spindle-shaped or cylindrical; with upright growth; one or two leaves growing from the top of them. The leaves can be oblong, lanceolate or elliptical, somewhat fleshy, with smooth margin. The inflorescence is a terminal raceme with few or several flowers. Flowers have sepals and petals free from each other; the lip or labellum (lowermost petal), usually has a different coloration and shape from the rest of the flower and covers in part the flower column forming a tube. There are four polliniums (bag-like organs that contain pollen). The fruit is a capsule with many small seeds.^[4]^[5]^[6]

Taxonomy

The genus was named in 1824 by John Lindley after horticulturalist William Cattley. Cattley obtained a specimen of then unnamed Cattleya labiata from William Swainson who had discovered the new plant in Pernambuco, Brazil, in 1817. The plant successfully bloomed under the care of Cattley and it became the type specimen from which Lindley described C. labiata.^[7]

Currently accepted species and subgeneric division within genus Cattleya are:^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]

Subgenus Cattleya

Section Cattleya

Image	Name	Distribution	Elevation (m)
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. aurea	S. Panama to Colombia	300 – 1000 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. dowiana	Costa Rica	250 – 1200 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. gaskelliana	Colombia to Trinidad	700 – 1000 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. iricolor	Ecuador to Peru	400 – 1220 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. jenmanii	Venezuela to Guyana	300 – 600 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. labiata	Brazil	600 – 900 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. luteola	N. Brazil, Ecuador to Bolivia	100 – 1200 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. mendelii	NE. Colombia	1300 – 1800 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. mooreana	Peru	around 990 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. mossiae	N. Venezuela	900 – 1500 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. percivaliana	Colombia to W. Venezuela	1300 – 2000 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. quadricolor	Colombia	600 – 1500 meters
	C. rex	Peru to N Bolivia	around 1350 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. schroederae	NE. Colombia	.
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. trianae	Colombia	around 1200 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. warneri	E. Brazil	400 – 900 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. warscewiczii	Colombia	500 – 1700 meters

Section Crispae

Series Cattleyodes

Image	Name	Distribution	Elevation (m)
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. crispa	SE. Brazil	800 – 1500 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. grandis	Brazil - SE. Bahia to N. Espírito Santo	.
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. lobata	SE. Brazil.
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. perrinii	SE. Brazil	700 – 900 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. purpurata	SE. & S. Brazil
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. tenebrosa	Brazil - SE. Bahia to Espírito Santo	.
	C. virens	SE. Brazil	1000 – 1500 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. xanthina	Brazil - Bahia to Espírito Santo	.

Series Hadrolaelia

Image	Name	Distribution	Elevation (m)
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. alaorii	Brazil - Bahia	200 – 600 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. bicalhoi	Brazil - S. Minas Gerais to Rio de Janeiro	500 – 2000 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. jongheana	Brazil - Minas Gerais	1300 – 1600 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. praestans	SE. Brazil	300 – 500 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. pumila	SE. & S. Brazil	600 – 1300 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. sincorana	Brazil - Bahia	1100 – 1500 meters

Series Microlaelia

Image	Name	Distribution	Elevation (m)
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. lundii	Bolivia to Argentina	740 – 1000 meters

Series Parviflorae

Image	Name	Distribution	Elevation (m)
	C. alvarenguensis	Brazil - Minas Gerais	around 800 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. alvaroana	Brazil - Rio de Janeiro
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. angereri	Brazil - Minas Gerais	1000–1300 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. blumenscheinii	Brazil - Minas Gerais	around 1200 meters
	C. bradei	Brazil - Minas Gerais	1100 – 1400 meters
	C. briegeri	Brazil - Minas Gerais	around 1370 meter
	C. campacii	Brazil
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. caulescens	Brazil - Minas Gerais	600 – 1200 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. cinnabarina	Brazil - S. Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro	800 – 1500 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. colnagoi	Brazil - Minas Gerais
	C. conceicionensis	Brazil - Minas Gerais	800 – 1200 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. crispata	Brazil - Minas Gerais	400 – 1200 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. endsfeldzii	Brazil - Minas Gerais	900 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. esalqueana	Brazil - Minas Gerais	1100 – 1300 meters
	C. flavasulina	Brazil - Minas Gerais	900 – 1440 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. fournieri	Brazil - Minas Gerais	1100 – 1800 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. ghillanyi	Brazil - Minas Gerais
	C. gloedeniana	Brazil - São Paulo	around 1600 meters
	C. gracilis	Brazil - Minas Gerais: Serra do Cipó
	C. guanhanensis	Brazil - Minas Gerais	around 1100 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. harpophylla	Brazil - Minas Gerais to Espírito Santo	500 – 900 meters
	C. hatae	Brazil - Minas Gerais	1000 – 1100 meters
	C. hegeriana	Brazil - Rio de Janeiro	1000 – 1200 meters
	C. hispidula	Brazil - Minas Gerais	around 1200 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. hoehnei	Brazil - Espírito Santo	around 800 meters
	C. itambana	Brazil - Minas Gerais	1500 to 2200 meters
	C. kautskyana	Brazil - Espírito Santo	600 – 1000 meters
	C. kettieana	Brazil - Minas Gerais	1500 – 2000 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. kleberi	Brazil - Minas Gerais	around 1100 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. liliputana	Brazil - Minas Gerais: Serra do Ouro Branco	1200 – 1400 meters
	C. locatellii	Brazil - Minas Gerais
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. longipes	SE. Brazil - Serra do Cipó	1300 – 2000 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. luetzelburgii	Brazil - Bahia	1100 – 1700 meters.
	C. macrobulbosa	Brazil - Espírito Santo	around 1600 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. marcaliana	Brazil - Bahia	200 – 300 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. milleri	Brazil - Minas Gerais	800 – 1300 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. mirandae	Brazil - Minas Gerais	around 1300 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. munchowiana	Brazil - Espírito Santo	1100 – 1300 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. neokautskyi	SE. Brazil	600 – 1000 meters.
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. pabstii	Brazil - Minas Gerais	1200 meters
	C. pendula	Brazil - Minas Gerais
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. pfisteri	Brazil - Bahia	around 1300 meters
	C. presidentensis	Brazil - Minas Gerais	1000 – 1300 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. reginae	Brazil - Minas Gerais	1200 – 2000 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. rupestris	Brazil - Minas Gerais
	C. sanguiloba	Brazil – Bahia
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. tereticaulis	Brazil - Minas Gerais
	C. vandenbergii	Brazil - Minas Gerais
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. vasconcelosiana	Brazil - Minas Gerais	around 1100 meters
	C. verboonenii	Brazil - Rio de Janeiro
	C. viridiflora	Brazil - Minas Gerais

Series Sophronitis

Image	Name	Distribution	Elevation (m)
	C. acuensis	Brazil - Rio de Janeiro	1800 – 2100 meters
	C. alagoensis	Brazil - Alagoas	300 – 500 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. brevipedunculata	Brazil - Minas Gerais	1220 – 2000 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. cernua	Brazil to NE. Argentina	2 – 100 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. coccinea	Brazil to NE. Argentina	650 – 1670 meters
	C. dichroma	Brazil - Rio de Janeiro	1200 – 1525 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. mantiqueirae	SE. Brazil	1200 – 1890 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. pygmaea	Brazil - Espírito Santo	915 – 1067 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. wittigiana	Brazil - Espírito Santo	700 – 2000 meters

Section Lawrenceanae

Image	Name	Distribution	Elevation (m)
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. lawrenceana	Venezuela, Guyana, N. Brazil	250 – 2400 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. lueddemanniana	N. Venezuela	0 – 500 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. wallisii	N. Brazil

Subgenus Cattleyella

Image	Name	Distribution	Elevation (m)
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. araguaiensis	Brazil	395 – 610 meters

Subgenus Intermediae

Image	Name	Distribution	Elevation (m)
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. aclandiae	Brazil	100 – 400 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. amethystoglossa	Brazil	around 600 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. bicolor	SE. Brazil
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. dormaniana	Brazil	600 – 100 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. elongata	Brazil	900 – 1500 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. forbesii	Brazil	around 200 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. granulosa	Brazil	600 – 900 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. guttata	Brazil	.
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. harrisoniana	SE. Brazil
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. intermedia	SE. & S. Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. kerrii	Brazil
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. loddigesii	SE. Brazil to NE. Argentina	.
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. nobilior	WC. Brazil to Bolivia	170 – 700 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. porphyroglossa	Brazil	.
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. schilleriana	Brazil	0 – 800 meters.
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. schofieldiana	Brazil	around 900 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. tenuis	NE. Brazil	1000 – 1200 meters.
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. tigrina	SE. & S. Brazil	0 – 100 meters.
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. velutina	Brazil
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. violacea	lowland Amazon rainforest & Guyana	200 – 700 meters
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. walkeriana	WC. & SE. Brazil	0 – 2000 meters.

Subgenus Maximae

Image	Name	Distribution	Elevation (m)
Error creating thumbnail: File missing	C. maxima	S Ecuador to N Peru	10 – 1500 meters

Natural hybrids

Currently accepted natural hybrids are:^[13]

Cattleya × adrienne (= Cattleya pumila × Cattleya jongheana) (Brazil)
Cattleya × albanensis
Cattleya × amanda
Cattleya × binotii (= ) (Brazil)
Cattleya × brasiliensis (= C. bicolor × C. harrisoniana) (Brazil)
Cattleya × braunae
Cattleya × britoi (= C. crispata x C. mirandae) (Brazil - Minas Gerais)
Cattleya × brymeriana (= C. violacea × C. wallisii) (N. Brazil).
Cattleya × calimaniana (Brazil)
Cattleya × calimaniorum (NE Brazil)
Cattleya × carassana (Brazil)
Cattleya × cattleyioides (Brazil)
Cattleya × cipoensis (Brazil)
Cattleya × colnagiana (Brazil).
Cattleya × cristinae (Brazil).
Cattleya × cypheri
Cattleya × dasilvae
Cattleya × dayana (= C. forbesii × C. guttata) (Brazil).
Cattleya × deckeri
Cattleya × delicata
Cattleya × diamantinensis (= C. pfisteri × C. sincorana) (Brazil).
Cattleya × dolosa (= C. loddigesii × C. walkeriana) (Brazil).
Cattleya × dukeana (= C. bicolor × C. guttata) (SE. Brazil).
Cattleya × duveenii (= C. guttata × C. harrisoniana) (SE. Brazil).
Cattleya × elegans
Cattleya × ericoi
Cattleya × feldmanniana
Cattleya × fidelensis (Brazil - Rio de Janeiro).
Cattleya × frankeana
Cattleya × gaezeriana
Cattleya × gerhard-santosii
Cattleya × gottoana
Cattleya × gransabanensis (= C. jenmanii × C. lawrenceana) (Venezuela).
Cattleya × gravesiana (= C. lueddemanniana × C. mossiae) (Venezuela).
Cattleya × hardyana (= C. dowiana var.aurea × C. warscewiczii) (Colombia).
Cattleya × heitoriana
Cattleya × hummeliana
Cattleya × hybrida (= C. guttata × C. loddigesii) (SE. Brazil).
Cattleya × imperator (= C. granulata × C. labiata) (NE. Brazil).
Cattleya × intricata (= C. intermedia × C. leopoldii) (S. Brazil).
Cattleya × irrorata
Cattleya × isaacii
Cattleya × isabella (= C. forbesii × C. intermedia) (SE. Brazil).
Cattleya × itabapoanaensis
Cattleya × jetibaensis
Cattleya × joaquiniana (= C. bicolor × C. walkeriana) (Brazil) .
Cattleya × kautskyi (= C. harrisoniana × C. warneri) (SE. Brazil).
Cattleya × kerchoveana
Cattleya × labendziana
Cattleya × lambari
Cattleya × lilacina
Cattleya × lucieniana (= C. forbesii × C. granulosa) (SE. Brazil).
Cattleya × macguiganii
Cattleya × measuresii (= C. aclandiae × C. walkeriana) (E. Brazil).
Cattleya × mesquitae (= C. nobilior × C. walkeriana) (Brazil).
Cattleya × mingaensis
Cattleya × mixta (= C. guttata × C. schofieldiana) (Brazil).
Cattleya × moduloi (C. schofieldiana × C. warneri) (Brazil).
Cattleya × mucugensis
Cattleya × neocalimaniana
Cattleya × neocalimaniorum
Cattleya × neoreginae
Cattleya × nesyana
Cattleya × occhioniana
Cattleya × odiloniana
Cattleya × patrocinii (= C. guttata × C. warneriana) (SE. Brazil).
Cattleya × picturata (= C. guttata × C. intermedia) (SE. Brazil).
Cattleya × pittiana
Cattleya × porphyritis
Cattleya × porphyrophlebia
Cattleya × raganii
Cattleya × resplendens (= C. granulosa × C. schilleriana) (NE. Brazil)
Cattleya × rigbyana
Cattleya × ruschii
Cattleya × sancheziana
Cattleya × schroederiana
Cattleya × schunkiana
Cattleya × schunkii
Cattleya × scita (= C. intermedia × C. tigrina) (S. Brazil).
Cattleya × sgarbii
Cattleya × sororia
Cattleya × tenuata (= C. elongata × C. tenuis) (Brazil) .
Cattleya × varelae
Cattleya × venosa (= C. forbesii × C. harrisoniana) (Brazil).
Cattleya × verelii
Cattleya × victoria-regina ( C. guttata × C. labiata) (NE. Brazil).
Cattleya × victoriacarolinae
Cattleya × wetmorei
Cattleya × whitei
Cattleya × wilsoniana (= C. bicolor × C. intermedia). (Brazil).
Cattleya × wyattiana (= C. crispa × C. lobata). (Brazil).
Cattleya × zaslawskii (= C. harpophylla × C. praestans). (Brazil).
Cattleya × zayrae (= C. amethystoglossa × C. elongata). (Bahia, Brazil)

Nothogenera

Hybrids of Cattleya and other genera are placed in the following nothogenera:

Brassocattleya = Brassavola × Cattleya
Brassolaeliocattleya = Brassavola × Cattleya × Laelia
Cattleytonia = Cattleya × Broughtonia
Laeliocattleya = Cattleya × Laelia
Rhyncholaeliocattleya = Rhyncholaelia × Cattleya

Cultivation

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Cattleya mossiae fo. coerulea

Light

Cattleyas need light, but not direct sunlight; in case of intense sunlight, shade must be provided.^[14]

Temperature

Day temperatures must be between 25-30 °C (77-86 °F) and night temperatures not lower than 10-12 °C (50-53.6 °F).^[14]

Humidity

Must be between 40-70% with good ventilation; however plants must not be exposed to air currents.^[15]

Watering

Water only if substrate is dry. It can be done once a week, but it all depends on the environmental conditions and the season.^[15]

Fertilizing

Cattleyas can survive without fertilizing. However, it is advisable to use nitrogen-based fertilizers without urea; fertilizers must be applied during the growth season.^[15] To avoid salt accumulation in the substrate, water thoroughly between fertilizer applications.^[15]

References

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 "Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families". Royal botanic Gardens Kew. Retrieved 21 February 2017.
^ Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
^ "Alphabetical list of standard abbreviations of all generic names occurring in current use in orchid hybrid registration as at 31st December 2007" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society.
^ Buzatto, Cristiano Roberto; Ferreira, Priscila Porto Alegre; Welker, Cassiano Aimberê Dorneles; Seger, Guilherme Dubal dos Santos; Hertzog, Anelise; Singer, Rodrigo B. (2010). "O gênero Cattleya Lindl. (Orchidaceae: Laeliinae) no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil". Revista Brasileira de Biociências (in português). 8 (4). ISSN 1980-4849.
^ Withner, C. (1988). The Cattleyas and Their Relatives. Vol. 1: The Cattleyas. Timber Press. pp. 29–30. ISBN 9780881920994.
^ Schweinfurth, C., "Orchidaceae, Orchids of Peru", Fieldiana, Botany 30(3): 535
^ "Cattleya, Queen of the Orchids: The Showy Cattleya, Queen of the Orchids, BEGINNERS' HANDBOOK - XV". www.aos.org. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
^ Van den Berg, Cássio (2014). "Reaching a compromise between conflicting nuclear and plastid phylogenetic trees: a new classification for the genus Cattleya (Epidendreae; Epidendroideae; Orchidaceae)". Phytotaxa. 186 (2): 75. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.186.2.2. ISSN 1179-3163.
^ "Laelia gracilis - IOSPE PHOTOS". www.orchidspecies.com. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
^ "Cattleya hispidula - IOSPE PHOTOS". www.orchidspecies.com. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
^ "Cattleya gracilis (Pabst) Van den Berg — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
^ van den Berg, Cássio (2016). "Nomenclatural notes on Laeliinae-VI. Further combinations in Cattleya (Orchidaceae)". Neodiversity. 9 (1): 4–5. doi:10.13102/neod.91.2.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ ^13.0 ^13.1 "Cattleya - World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew". apps.kew.org. Archived from the original on 8 September 2009. Retrieved 1 July 2017.
^ ^14.0 ^14.1 Schoser, Gustav (1993). Orchid Growing Basics. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. p. 64. ISBN 9780806903620.
^ ^15.0 ^15.1 ^15.2 ^15.3 "Cattleyas for the Beginner - Part 1". www.aos.org. Retrieved 3 July 2017.

External links

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Media related to Cattleya at Wikimedia Commons
Error creating thumbnail: File missing
Data related to Cattleya at Wikispecies
"WCSP". World Checklist of Selected Plant families. (enter "Cattleya" in search box).
More info About Orchids Orchids of Costa Rica
Breeding Cattleya Breeding in Cattleyas
Painting of a Cattleya by Martin Johnson Heade, 1871 - National Gallery of Art, Washington
Orchid Picture Gallery
American Orchid Society - Orchid Web
Cattleya Orchid Forum
van den Berg, C. and M.W. Chase. 2000. Nomenclatural notes on Laeliinae - I. Lindleyana 15(2): 115-119.
Cattleya ochids flowers pictures Photos of Thailand native cattleya orchids
Orchidroots.org Cattleya Species

[kew-1] 1.0 ^1.1 "Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families". Royal botanic Gardens Kew. Retrieved 21 February 2017.

[2] Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607

[3] "Alphabetical list of standard abbreviations of all generic names occurring in current use in orchid hybrid registration as at 31st December 2007" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society.

[4] Buzatto, Cristiano Roberto; Ferreira, Priscila Porto Alegre; Welker, Cassiano Aimberê Dorneles; Seger, Guilherme Dubal dos Santos; Hertzog, Anelise; Singer, Rodrigo B. (2010). "O gênero Cattleya Lindl. (Orchidaceae: Laeliinae) no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil". Revista Brasileira de Biociências (in português). 8 (4). ISSN 1980-4849.

[:8-5] Withner, C. (1988). The Cattleyas and Their Relatives. Vol. 1: The Cattleyas. Timber Press. pp. 29–30. ISBN 9780881920994.

[:1-6] Schweinfurth, C., "Orchidaceae, Orchids of Peru", Fieldiana, Botany 30(3): 535

[7] "Cattleya, Queen of the Orchids: The Showy Cattleya, Queen of the Orchids, BEGINNERS' HANDBOOK - XV". www.aos.org. Retrieved 29 June 2017.

[8] Van den Berg, Cássio (2014). "Reaching a compromise between conflicting nuclear and plastid phylogenetic trees: a new classification for the genus Cattleya (Epidendreae; Epidendroideae; Orchidaceae)". Phytotaxa. 186 (2): 75. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.186.2.2. ISSN 1179-3163.

[9] "Laelia gracilis - IOSPE PHOTOS". www.orchidspecies.com. Retrieved 28 June 2017.

[10] "Cattleya hispidula - IOSPE PHOTOS". www.orchidspecies.com. Retrieved 28 June 2017.

[11] "Cattleya gracilis (Pabst) Van den Berg — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org. Retrieved 28 June 2017.

[12] van den Berg, Cássio (2016). "Nomenclatural notes on Laeliinae-VI. Further combinations in Cattleya (Orchidaceae)". Neodiversity. 9 (1): 4–5. doi:10.13102/neod.91.2.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[:0-13] 13.0 ^13.1 "Cattleya - World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew". apps.kew.org. Archived from the original on 8 September 2009. Retrieved 1 July 2017.

[:2-14] 14.0 ^14.1 Schoser, Gustav (1993). Orchid Growing Basics. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. p. 64. ISBN 9780806903620.

[:3-15] 15.0 ^15.1 ^15.2 ^15.3 "Cattleyas for the Beginner - Part 1". www.aos.org. Retrieved 3 July 2017.

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