Computer emergency response team

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A computer emergency response team (CERT) is an incident response team dedicated to computer security incidents. Other names used to describe CERT include cyber emergency response team, computer emergency readiness team, computer security incident response team (CSIRT), or cyber security incident response team.

History

The name "Computer Emergency Response Team" was first used in 1988 by the CERT Coordination Center (CERT-CC) at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU). The term CERT is registered as a trade and service mark by CMU in multiple countries worldwide. CMU encourages the use of Computer Security Incident Response Team (CSIRT) as a generic term for the handling of computer security incidents. CMU licenses the CERT mark to various organizations that are performing the activities of a CSIRT. The histories of CERT and CSIRT, are linked to the existence of malware, especially computer worms and viruses. Whenever a new technology arrives, its misuse is not long in following. The first worm in the IBM VNET was covered up. Shortly after, a worm hit the Internet on 3 November 1988, when the so-called Morris Worm paralysed a good percentage of it. This led to the formation of the first computer emergency response team at Carnegie Mellon University under a U.S. Government contract. With the massive growth in the use of information and communications technologies over the subsequent years, the generic term 'CSIRT' refers to an essential part of most large organisations' structures. In many organisations the CSIRT evolves into an information security operations center.

Global associations and teams

Logo Organization Description Size Member of FIRST
File:Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams logo.svg
 FIRST[1] The Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams is the global association of CSIRTs. 605 member organizations.
n/a
Packet Clearing House[2] "CERT of last resort" with global coverage, serving countries and constituencies which are not yet served by their own dedicated CERT. Founded in 1994. 18 staff, presence in 106 countries, budget US$251m/yr. Yes

National or economic region teams

Country Team/s Description Size Member of FIRST
File:Flag of Algeria.svg Algeria CERIST[3] The Research Centre on Scientific and Technical Information in Algeria, CERIST.
File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia AusCERT[4] Cyber Emergency Response Team (CERT) in Australia and the Asia/Pacific region[5] Yes
File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC)[6] In 2010 the Australian Federal Government started CERT Australia. In 2018 CERT Australia became part of the Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC) which then in turn became part of the Australian Signals Directorate (ASD). Yes
File:Flag of Austria.svg Austria CERT.at[7] The national Computer Emergency Response Team for Austria as part of the Austrian domain registry NIC.at[8] for .at.[9] 9 employees[10] Yes
File:Flag of Austria.svg Austria govCERT Austria[11] A public-private partnership of CERT.at and the Austrian Chancellery.[12] Yes
File:Flag of Austria.svg Austria Austrian Energy CERT (AEC) A cooperation between CERT.at and the Austrian energy sector for energy and gas sector.[13] Yes
File:Flag of Austria.svg Austria ACOnet-CERT The Computer Emergency Response Team of ACOnet.[14] Yes
File:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan CERT.gov.az[15] Azerbaijan Government Computer Emergency Response Team. Yes
File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg Bangladesh BGD e-Gov CIRT[16] Bangladesh Government's Computer Incident Response Team (BGD e-GOV CIRT) is acting as the National CIRT of Bangladesh (N-CIRT) currently with responsibilities including receiving, reviewing, and responding to computer security incidents and activities. Yes
File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium CERT.be[17] Centre for Cyber Security Belgium Yes
File:Flag of Bolivia.svg Bolivia CGII.gob.bo[18] Centro de Gestión de Incidentes Informáticos 8 employees
File:Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil CERT.br[19] Brazilian National Computer Emergency Response Team Yes
File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada Canadian Centre for Cyber Security[20] Assumed national CERT role with the transfer of the Canadian Cyber Incident Response Centre (CCIRC) from Public Safety Canada in October 2018.[21] Yes
File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China CNCERT/CC[22] Founded in September 2002 40 employees[23] Yes
File:Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia colCERT[24] Grupo de Respuesta a Emergencias Cibernéticas de Colombia - colCERT
File:Flag of Croatia.svg Croatia CARNET CERT Yes
File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czech Republic CSIRT.CZ Yes
File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark DKCERT[25] Danish Computer Security Incident Response Team Yes
File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark CFCS-DK[26] Centre for Cyber Security Yes
File:Flag of Ecuador.svg Ecuador ECUCERT[27] Centro de Respuesta a Incidentes Informáticos del Ecuador Yes
File:Flag of Egypt.svg Egypt EG-CERT[28] Work as trust center for Cyber Security Services across Egyptian cyber space.[29] Yes
File:Flag of Estonia.svg Estonia CERT-EE[30] The national and governmental Computer Emergency Response Team for Estonia. Yes
File:Flag of Europe.svg Europe CERT-EU[31] Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-EU) for the EU institutions, agencies and bodies.[32] Yes
Eurocontrol EATM-CERT[33] European Air Traffic Management Computer Emergency Response Team
File:Flag of Finland.svg Finland NCSC-FI[34] National Cyber Security Centre of Finland Yes
File:Flag of France.svg France CERT-FR[35] Yes
File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany CERT-Bund[36] Yes
File:Flag of Ghana.svg Ghana NCA-CERT, CERT-GH[37][38] National Communications Authority Computer Emergency Response Team and National Cyber Security Centre of Ghana.
File:Flag of Hong Kong.svg Hong Kong HKCERT[39] Hong Kong Computer Emergency Response Team Coordination Center. Yes
File:Flag of Iceland.svg Iceland CERT-IS[40] The national Computer Emergency Response Team for Iceland as part of the Post and Telecommunication Administration in Iceland Yes
File:Flag of India.svg India CERT-In[41] CERT-In Yes
File:Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia ID-SIRTII/CC Indonesia Security Incident Response Team on Internet Infrastructure coordination centre was founded in 2007.[42] Yes
File:Flag of Iran.svg Iran CERT MAHER[43] Maher Center of Iranian National Computer Emergency Response Team
File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel CERT-IL[44] The Israeli Cyber Emergency Response Team is part of Israel National Cyber Directorate Yes
File:Flag of Italy.svg Italia CSIRT Italia[45] Established at the National Cybersecurity Agency for the implementation of the NIS Directive in Italy absorbed previous CERT-PA and CERT-Nazionale.
File:Flag of Japan.svg Japan JPCERT/CC Yes
File:Flag of Japan.svg Japan IPA-CERT Yes
File:Flag of Jersey.svg Jersey CERT-JE[46] Jersey Cyber Emergency Response Team. Established 2021.[47]
File:Flag of Kazakhstan.svg Kazakhstan KZ-CERT KZ-CERT National сomputer emergency response team Yes
File:Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg Kyrgyzstan CERT-KG[citation needed]
File:Flag of Laos.svg Laos LaoCERT[48] Lao Computer Emergency Response Team
File:Flag of Latvia.svg Latvia CERT.LV[49] The Information Technology Security Incident Response Institution of the Republic of Latvia. Yes
File:Flag of Lithuania.svg Lithuania NRD CIRT[50] NRD Cyber Security Incident Response Team. It is the first private incident response team in Lithuania. Yes
File:Flag of Luxembourg.svg Luxembourg CIRCL[51] CIRCL is the CERT for the private sector, communes and non-governmental entities in Luxembourg. Yes
File:Flag of Macau.svg Macau MOCERT
File:Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia MyCERT[52] The Malaysia Computer Emergency Response Team was established in 1997. It is now part of CyberSecurity Malaysia[53] Yes
File:Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico CERT-MX The Centre of Expertise in Technological Response, is part of the Scientific Division of the Federal Police (Mexico) Yes
File:Flag of Moldova.svg Moldova CERT-GOV-MD[54] Center for Response on Cybersecurity Incidents – CERT-GOV-MD Yes
File:Flag of Mongolia.svg Mongolia MNCERT/CC Mongolian Cyber Emergency Response Team / Coordination Center. Founded in 2014. Yes
File:Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco maCERT[55] Yes
File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands NCSC-NL [nl]
File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands SURFcert[56] Computer Emergence Response Team for the Dutch research and education network. Yes
File:Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand CERTNZ[57] Yes
File:Flag of Nigeria.svg Nigeria ngCERT[58] Yes
File:Flag of Norway.svg Norway NorCERT[59] Cyber Security Center and national CERT of Norway. Part of the National Security Authority (NSM). Yes
File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan PakCERT
File:Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg Papua New Guinea PNGCERT[60]
File:Flag of the Philippines.svg Philippines CSP-CERT[61] CyberSecurity Philippines – CERT, established in 2016 the very first Non-profit CSIRT/CERT organization in the Philippines.
File:Flag of Poland.svg Poland CERT Polska Yes
File:Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal CERT.PT[62] Part of the National Cyber Security Center (CNCS) of Portugal Yes
File:Flag of Qatar.svg Qatar Q-CERT Yes
File:Flag of Ireland.svg Republic of Ireland CSIRT-IE
File:Flag of Romania.svg Romania CERT-RO[63] Centrul Naţional de Răspuns la Incidente de Securitate Cibernetică – CERT-RO
File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia GOV-CERT[64]
File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia RU-CERT[65] Yes
File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia CERT-GIB[66]
File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia BI.ZONE-CERT[67]
File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia Financial CERT[68] Financial Sector Computer Emergency Response Team (special division of the Bank of Russia) Yes
File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia KASPERSKY ICS CERT[69]
File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia NCIRCC[70]
File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia Saudi-CERT[71] Saudi CERT has three main functions: increasing the level of knowledge and awareness regarding cybersecurity, disseminate information about vulnerabilities, and campaigns and cooperating with other response teams. Saudi CERT serves different stakeholder in the country including individuals business and government agencies. And proactive and reactive services. Yes
File:Flag of Serbia.svg Serbia SRB-CERT[72] National CERT of the Republic of Serbia Yes
File:Flag of Serbia.svg Serbia MUP CERT[73] Centar za reagovanje na napade na informacioni sistem Yes
File:Flag of Singapore.svg Singapore SingCERT[74] Singapore Cyber Emergency Response Team Yes
File:Flag of Slovakia.svg Slovakia SK-CERT[75] Národná jednotka SK-CERT| National unit SK-CERT Yes
File:Flag of Slovenia.svg Slovenia SI-CERT[76] Slovenian Computer Emergency Response Team, part of ARNES Yes
File:Flag of Slovenia.svg Slovenia SIGOV-CERT[77] Specifically formed for information security in the government sector of Slovenia
File:Flag of South Africa.svg South Africa CSHUB-CSIRT[78] CyberSecurity Hub CSIRT established by the Department of Telecommunications and Postal Services[79]
File:Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea KrCERT/CC[80] Yes
File:Flag of Spain.svg Spain CCN-CERT[81] Centro Criptológico Nacional Yes
File:Flag of Sri Lanka.svg Sri Lanka SL CERT | CC[82] Computer Emergency Readiness Team | Co-ordination Center Yes
File:Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden CERT-SE[83] Yes
File:Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland GovCERT.ch[84] The parent organisation of GovCERT.ch is the Swiss Reporting and Analysis Centre for Information Assurance (MELANI)[85] Yes
File:Flag of the Republic of China.svg Taiwan TWCERT/CC[86] Yes
File:Flag of Thailand.svg Thailand ThaiCERT[87] Yes
File:Flag of Togo (3-2).svg Togo CERT-TG[88] Togo - Computer Emergency Response Team Yes
File:Flag of Tonga.svg Tonga CERT Tonga[89]
File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey TR-CERT (USOM) Yes
File:Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine FS Group[90] FS Group – CERT Yes
File:Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine CERT-UA[91] Computer Emergency Response Team of Ukraine Yes
File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg United Arab Emirates aeCERT[92] The United Arab Emirates – Computer Emergency Response Team Yes
File:Flag of Uganda.svg Uganda CERT.UG[93] Uganda National Computer Emergency Response Team /CC (Absorbed UG-CERT[94]) Yes
File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom National Cyber Security Centre Absorbed CERT-UK Yes
File:Flag of the United States.svg United States CISA Part of the United States Department of Homeland Security Yes
File:Flag of the United States.svg United States CERT/CC Created by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and run by the Software Engineering Institute (SEI) at the Carnegie Mellon University Yes
File:Flag of Uzbekistan.svg Uzbekistan UzCERT[95] Computer Emergency Response Team of Uzbekistan
File:Flag of Vietnam.svg Vietnam VNCERT[96] Vietnam CERT Yes

See also

References

  1. ↑ "FIRST – Improving Security Together". FIRST. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  2. ↑ "Packet Clearing House". Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  3. ↑ "CERIST (Centre de Recherche sur l'Information Scientifique et Technique ) - CERIST". www.cerist.dz. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  4. ↑ "About AusCERT – AusCERT Main". Auscert.org.au. Archived from the original on 14 February 2017. Retrieved 2 December 2016.
  5. ↑ Smith, Frank; Ingram, Graham (2 November 2017). "Organising cyber security in Australia and beyond". Australian Journal of International Affairs. 71 (6): 642–660. doi:10.1080/10357718.2017.1320972. ISSN 1035-7718. S2CID 157160755.
  6. ↑ "About | Cyber.gov.au". cyber.gov.au. Archived from the original on 30 October 2019. Retrieved 29 September 2019.
  7. ↑ "CERT.at". www.cert.at. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  8. ↑ "nic.at Domain Registry". www.nic.at. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  9. ↑ "Zuständigkeit – CERT.at". cert.at. Retrieved 17 June 2017.
  10. ↑ "Das Team – CERT.at". cert.at. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
  11. ↑ "GovCERT Austria". GovCERT Austria. 18 October 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  12. ↑ "GovCERT in Österreich – GovCERT.gv.at". govcert.gv.at. Retrieved 17 June 2017.
  13. ↑ "- CERT.at". cert.at. Retrieved 17 June 2017.
  14. ↑ "Security". aco.net. Retrieved 17 June 2017.
  15. ↑ "Kompüter insidentlərinə qarşı mübarizə mərkəzi". cert.gov.az. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  16. ↑ "Bangladesh Government's Computer Incident Response Team". Bangladesh Computer Council. 2023. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
  17. ↑ "CERT.be The Federal Cyber Emergency Team". FPS Chancellery of the Prime Minister. 2023. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
  18. ↑ "Centro de Gestión de Incidentes Informáticos". cgii.gob.bo. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  19. ↑ "CERT.br - Centro de Estudos, Resposta e Tratamento de Incidentes de Segurança no Brasil". www.cert.br. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  20. ↑ "About the Cyber Centre". Canadian Centre for Cyber Security. 5 May 2022. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  21. ↑ Toolkit, Web Experience. "The Minister of National Defence Announces the Launch of the Canadian Centre for Cyber Security". cse-cst.gc.ca. Retrieved 2 December 2018.
  22. ↑ "About CNCERT". CNCERT. Archived from the original on 16 August 2017. Retrieved 16 August 2017.
  23. ↑ "中国互联网网络安全报告" (PDF). cert.org.cn. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 July 2018. Retrieved 25 July 2018.
  24. ↑ "ColCERT". www.colcert.gov.co. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  25. ↑ "DKCERT - Danish Computer Security Incident Response Team". DKCERT - Danish Computer Security Incident Response Team. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  26. ↑ "Center for Cybersikkerhed". Center for Cybersikkerhed. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  27. ↑ "EcuCERT de Arcotel – Centro de Respuesta a Incidentes Informáticos de la ARCOTEL". Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  28. ↑ "EG-CERT". Retrieved 7 November 2017.
  29. ↑ "EG-CERT Team Information". Retrieved 7 November 2017.
  30. ↑ "CERT Estonia". Retrieved 15 November 2018.
  31. ↑ "CERT-EU". Retrieved 26 February 2020.
  32. ↑ "CERT-EU team information". Retrieved 26 February 2020.
  33. ↑ "European Air Traffic Management Computer Emergency Response". Eurocontrol. 2023. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
  34. ↑ "Homepage". NCSC-FI. 20 October 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  35. ↑ "CERT-FR – Centre gouvernemental de veille, d'alerte et de réponse aux attaques informatiques". www.cert.ssi.gouv.fr. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  36. ↑ "Warn- und Informationsdienst". wid.cert-bund.de. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  37. ↑ "NCA CERT Portal". nca-cert.org.gh. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  38. ↑ "Cyber Security Agency, Ghana". Cyber Security Authority. 2023. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
  39. ↑ "Hong Kong Computer Emergency Response Team Coordination Center". www.hkcert.org. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  40. ↑ "Forsíða". www.cert.is. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  41. ↑ "Indian Computer Emergency Resonse Team". Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Government of India. 2023. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
  42. ↑ "ID-SIRTII/CC". FIRST – Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
  43. ↑ "مرکز مدیریت امداد و هماهنگی عملیات رخدادهای رایانه‌ای | مرکز مدیریت امداد و هماهنگی عملیات رخدادهای رایانه‌ای". cert.ir. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  44. ↑ "המרכז הארצי לניהול אירועי סייבר (CERT) | מערך הסייבר הלאומי". www.gov.il (in עברית). Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  45. ↑ "CSIRT Italia". www.csirt.gov.it. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  46. ↑ "Jersey Cyber Emergency Response Team". Retrieved 1 July 2021.
  47. ↑ "Cyber resilience team established". Retrieved 1 July 2021.
  48. ↑ "Home - ລາວເຊີດ". www.laocert.gov.la. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  49. ↑ "CERT.LV". cert.lv. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  50. ↑ "NRD CIRT". nrdcs.lt. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
  51. ↑ "CIRCL » CIRCL -- Computer Incident Response Center Luxembourg -- CSIRT -- CERT". circl.lu. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  52. ↑ "MyCERT : Home". www.mycert.org.my. Archived from the original on 28 October 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  53. ↑ "CyberSecurity Malaysia | An Agency Under MOSTI". cybersecurity.my. Archived from the original on 4 May 2019. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
  54. ↑ https://stisc-cert.gov.md/ Archived 6 December 2023 at the Wayback Machine [bare URL]
  55. ↑ "| Dgssi".
  56. ↑ "SURFcert: 24/7 support for security incidents | SURF.nl". www.surf.nl. Archived from the original on 4 December 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  57. ↑ "About us | CERT NZ". cert.govt.nz. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
  58. ↑ "ngCERT". Cert.gov.ng. 15 May 2015. Retrieved 2 December 2016.
  59. ↑ "NorCert – Nasjonalt Cybersikkerhetssenter". nsm.stat.no. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
  60. ↑ "Papua New Guinea Computer Emergency Response Team". www.pngcert.org.pg. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  61. ↑ "CSP-CERT® | Cyber Security Philippines - Computer Emergency Response Team®". www.cert.ph. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  62. ↑ "CNCS - CERT.PT". www.cert.pt. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  63. ↑ https://www.cert.ro/ [bare URL]
  64. ↑ http://www.gov-cert.ru/ [bare URL]
  65. ↑ "RU-CERT". www.cert.ru. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  66. ↑ "CERT-GIB - Computer Security Incident Response Team by Group-IB". Archived from the original on 4 September 2016. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
  67. ↑ "BI.ZONE — компания по управлению цифровыми рисками". BI.ZONE. 13 October 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  68. ↑ "Financial CERT | Bank of Russia". www.cbr.ru. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  69. ↑ "Kaspersky ICS CERT". ics-cert.kaspersky.com. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  70. ↑ "CERT.GOV.RU - Home". cert.gov.ru. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  71. ↑ "المركز الوطني الإرشادي للأمن السيبراني". cert.gov.sa. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  72. ↑ "Nacionalni CERT Republike Srbije". CERT.RS. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  73. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 28 March 2021. Retrieved 15 September 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  74. ↑ "About SingCERT". www.csa.gov.sg. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  75. ↑ "Aktuality". www.sk-cert.sk. 18 October 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  76. ↑ "Naslovnica". SI CERT. 17 October 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  77. ↑ "Informacijska varnost | GOV.SI". www.gov.si. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  78. ↑ "HOME - CyberSecurity Hub". www.cybersecurityhub.gov.za. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  79. ↑ "CSHUB-CSIRT description according to RFC2350" (PDF). cybersecurityhub.gov.za. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
  80. ↑ "KISA 보호나라&KrCERT/CC". www.krcert.or.kr. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  81. ↑ "CCN-CERT - Inicio". www.ccn-cert.cni.es. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  82. ↑ "Welcome to Sri Lanka CERT|CC". slcert.gov.lk. Retrieved 27 May 2018.
  83. ↑ "About CERT-SE – CERT-SE website". cert.se. Retrieved 18 January 2017.
  84. ↑ "Swiss Government Computer Emergency Response Team (GovCERT.ch)". govcert.admin.ch. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
  85. ↑ "Reporting and Analysis Centre for Information Assurance (MELANI)". melani.admin.ch. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
  86. ↑ "TWCERT/CC 台灣電腦網路危機處理暨協調中心". Cert.org.tw. 27 September 2010. Archived from the original on 14 November 2016. Retrieved 2 December 2016.
  87. ↑ "เกี่ยวกับไทยเซิร์ต" [About ThaiCert] (in ไทย). Thailand Computer Emergency Response Team. Archived from the original on 21 September 2018. Retrieved 28 April 2019.
  88. ↑ "CERT.TG – La protection du cyberespace Togolais". cert.tg. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  89. ↑ "CERT Tonga - Computer Emergency Response Team for TongaCERT Tonga | Computer Emergency Response Team for Tonga". 29 October 2018. Archived from the original on 29 October 2018. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  90. ↑ "Послуги кібербезпеки: замовити інформаційну безпеку". FSG. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  91. ↑ "CERT-UA". cert.gov.ua. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  92. ↑ http://www.aecert.ae [bare URL]
  93. ↑ "National Cert | Uganda National Computer Emergency Response Team-National Cert". www.cert.ug. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  94. ↑ https://www.ug-cert.ug [bare URL]
  95. ↑ "Служба реагирования на компьютерные инциденты - UZCERT". uzcert.uz. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  96. ↑ "Trung tâm Ứng cứu khẩn cấp không gian mạng Việt Nam | Trung tâm VNCERT/CC". vncert.vn. Retrieved 25 October 2023.

External links

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