List of equipment of the Italian Army
Modern equipment of the Italian Army is a list of military equipment currently[when?] in service with the Italian Army.
Weapons
Small Arms
Anti-tank, anti-structure
Name | Origin | Type | Number | Photo | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Spike MR/LR | File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy |
Anti-tank guided missile | 173 | File:Spike LR with Alpini of the Italian Army, iCLU launcher (cropped).png | [39]
(SIPRI 2013) |
Panzerfaust 3 | File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany | Anti-tank rocket launcher | 2,000 | File:Panzerfaust3.jpg |
|
Instalaza C90 | File:Flag of Spain.svg Spain | Anti-tank rocket launcher | File:Una escopeta, una pistola y un lanzacohetes anticarro Instalaza C-90 de la Infantería de Marina española (34972210051).jpg | In use with the special forces, 90mm rocket lancher, variants:
| |
Hero-30
(Made by Uvision and Rheinmetall) |
File:Flag of Israel.svg IsraelFile:Flag of Germany.svg Germany | Loitering munition | — | File:Uvision Hero-30 ILA-2022.jpg | Ordered in December 2022 [42]
Urgent order for the special forces |
Light equipment
Weapon accessories and optical systems
Name | Origin | Type | Number | Photo | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Weapon sights | |||||
ICWS
"Individual Combat Weapon System" |
Multi-role sight system | 20,000 | File:Individual Combat Weapon System (ICWS).jpg | [43][44]
Multifunction unit with modules that can be changed:
Ordered in 2020.[45] | |
Aimpoint CompM2 "Acies" | File:Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden | Non-magnifying red dot / reflex sight | 20,000 | File:AIMPOINT COMP M2 Red-dot.png | [46][47][48]
Supplied between 2004 and 2006. |
ELCAN Specter DR 1-4× | File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada | Magnifying red dot / reflex sight | – | File:SABER JUNCTION 16 160413-A-RT803-003 (cropped).jpg | |
ELCAN Specter DR 1.5-6× | File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada | Magnifying red dot / reflex sight | – | Used with the FN Minimi, imported by Selenia 2000.[49] | |
AN/PAS-13B(V3) | File:Flag of the United States.svg United States | Thermal weapon sight | File:PAS-13(V)1 Light Weapon Thermal Sight (LWTS).jpg |
| |
Steiner ICS
"Innovative Combat Sight" |
File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany | Rifle scope | – | File:Fucile ARX 200 - Italian Army (cropped).jpg | Automatic compensation for distance to impact, 6×40 magnification.[50] |
SIMRAD KN250F | File:Flag of the United States.svg United States | Night sighting system | [51]
| ||
Night vision goggles | |||||
AN/PVS-21 | File:Flag of the United States.svg United States | Night-vision goggles | 2,860 | File:Visore Notturno Binoculare AN PVS 21.png | Made by Steiner Defence[52] |
AN/PVS-18 M983 | File:Flag of the United States.svg United States | Night-vision goggles (monocular) | File:Visore Notturno Monoculare AN PVS 18 M983.png | Delivered by FM CASE.[55] | |
AN/PVS-15 M983 | File:Flag of the United States.svg United States | Night-vision goggles | File:Visore Notturno Binoculare AN PVS 15 M953.png | Delivered by FM CASE | |
AN/PVS-7B/D | File:Flag of the United States.svg United States | Night-vision goggles | File:AN PVS-7 Cyclops.JPG | ||
TM-NVG
"Tactical Mobility-Night Vision Goggle" |
File:Flag of the United States.svg United States | Night-vision goggles | 3,284 | File:Tactical Mobility-Night Vision Goggle.png | Manufactured by i-Aware:[56]
|
Insight Tecnologyes MUM-2 | File:Flag of the United States.svg United States | Monocular Night Vision Device |
| ||
Thermal imaging | |||||
Officine Galileo VTG-120 | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Thermal imaging system | For use with TOW and MILAN launchers | ||
Officine Galileo VTG-240 | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Thermal imaging system | File:MilanCC.jpg | ||
Sagem MATIS | File:Flag of France.svg France | Thermal imaging system |
| ||
Thales Sophie MP | File:Flag of France.svg France | Thermal imaging system | File:Sophie ©B. Rousseau.jpg |
Long range system[61]
| |
Elbit Coral CR | File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel | Thermal imaging system | File:Coral CR-P Ejército español.jpg |
| |
Raytheon W1000-15 | File:Flag of the United States.svg United States | Thermal imaging system |
|
Clothing
Source[62]
Protective equipment
Name | Origin | Type | Number | Photo | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Combat helmets | |||||
SEPT 2 Plus | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Helmet | 38,000 | File:Italian Army - Standard ballistic helmet (cropped).png | [70]
|
LBA Aramid helmet | File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom | Helmet | 136 |
| |
Bulletproof vests | |||||
NC4/09 | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Bulletproof vest | 21,000 | File:Giubetto Antiproiettile - standard issue balllstic vest (cropped).png |
|
AP98/A | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Bulletproof vest | 87,000 | ||
Pezt Protech 5200 | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Bulletproof vest | 150 |
| |
LBA | File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom | Bulletproof vest | 50 |
| |
NFM Delta Body Armour | File:Flag of the United States.svg United States | Bulletproof vest | 51 |
| |
Bomb suits | |||||
EOD-9 Bomb suite | File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada | Protective bomb suite | 94 | File:Bomb neutralizing EOD 9.jpg |
|
Sona Enterprise RAV 501 | File:Flag of the United States.svg United States | Protective bomb suite | 60 | 60 delivered in 2011 | |
NBRC protection | |||||
Aero Sekur M90 | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | NBCR mask | 63,000 | File:Reggimento Logistico "Julia"6 (cropped) (cropped).JPG | On 21 October 2003 awarded a contract for 63,000 Mod. M90 NBCR masks, with delivery in summer 2004 for about 5.5 million Euros[73] |
NBCR individual vest | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | NBCR suit | 41,730 | File:Reggimento Logistico "Julia"6 (cropped).JPG |
|
Electronic detection systems | |||||
Canberra AN/PDR-77 | File:Flag of the United States.svg United States | Radiation detection system | 1,300 | 1,300 system updated in 2012 [74] | |
CEIA CMD | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Metal detector | 427 | File:RCT-7 conducts Counter IED training 121015-M-YH552-309.jpg | Bought to protect soldiers from IED in Afghanistan during patrols.
|
Parachutes
Name | Origin | Type | Number | Photo | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T10C | File:Flag of the United States.svg United States File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy |
Parachute | File:USMC Paratrooper.jpg | ||
MC1-1B/C | File:Flag of the United States.svg United States File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy |
Parachute | File:RP Marine jumps from KC-130 2-26-06.jpg | Steerable parachute; Aero Sekur licensed build[76] | |
T10R MIRSP | File:Flag of the United States.svg United States File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy |
Parachute | Reserve parachute; Aero Sekur licensed build[77] | ||
Para-Flite MT-1XX | File:Flag of the United States.svg United States | Parachute | HAHO/HALO-TCL parachute | ||
Raven G-12 | File:Flag of the United States.svg United States | Cargo parachute |
| ||
26 foot | File:Flag of the United States.svg United States | Cargo parachute |
|
Indirect fire
Mortars
Source[80]
Artillery
Source[87]
Armoured vehicles
Source [96]
Armoured fighting vehicles
Name | Origin | Type | Number | Photo | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Main battle tanks | |||||
Ariete | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Main battle tank | 200[97] | File:SETC Italy (26890728102).jpg | 125 To be upgraded and remain in service until 2035 4th Tank Regiment 32nd Tank Regiment 132nd Tank Regiment |
Tank destroyer / Armored infantry support vehicle | |||||
Centauro | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Tank destroyer | 259 | File:Italian Army - Regiment "Nizza Cavalleria" (1st) Centauro Tank Destroyer column in Cincu, Romania 2019 (cropped).jpg | In service with the army's nine cavalry regiments. Initially, 400 purchased, 141 sold to Jordan.[98]
The vehicles will be replaced by the Centauro II (see details in the "future equipment" section). |
Centauro II | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Tank destroyer | 112
(+ 10 on option) |
File:Centauro 2 (22-02-2024).jpg | Production started in 2021.[99]
Total of 150 planned. First operational squadrons in 2024.[102] |
Infantry fighting vehicles | |||||
Dardo | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Infantry fighting vehicle | 198[97] | File:Italian Dardo infantry fighting vehicle during exercise in Germany, 2021.jpg | 150 To be upgraded, 1st Bersaglieri Regiment 8th Bersaglieri Regiment 11th Bersaglieri Regiment |
VBM Freccia | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Infantry fighting vehicle | 177 | File:Italian Army - Mechanized Brigade "Pinerolo" Freccia IFV.jpg | Total Freccia (No Centauro) expected, 630 at a medium term.[103]
A first batch of 249 was ordered in 2007, all delivered by 2017:
A second batch was approved in 2019 for 81 Freccia, delivered until 2023:
A third phase with 300 additional vehicles is expected (see details in the "future equipment" section). |
Anti-tank missile carrier | 72 | File:Italian Infantry, Chinchilla, Spain, Trident Juncture 15 (22527720930).jpg |
Armoured vehicles (APC, command, reconnaissance)
Name | Origin | Type | Number | Photo | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
VBM Freccia | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Command post | 46 | File:2june 2007 354.jpg | First batch ordered in 2007, delivered by 2017:
Second batch approved in 2019 delivered by 2023:
|
VBL Puma 6×6 | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Armored personnel carrier | 360 | File:Puma 6x6.jpg | 360 purchased, being phased out, 79 sold to Pakistan |
VBL Puma 4×4 | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Armored Reconnaissance Vehicle | 180 | File:Puma4.jpg |
|
VTLM 1 Lince | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Infantry mobility vehicle | 1,900 | VLTM 1 Ambulance (MEDEVAC)File:2june 2007 348 bis.jpg
VLTM 1 with Hitrole RCWS File:Italian Army - 8th Alpini Regiment VTLM Lince vehicles during exercise Abbey Road 2019.jpg VLTM 2 NEC File:Italian Army - VTLM2-NEC armored vehicle of the Pinerolo Brigade.jpg |
3,623 planned in total [104]
|
Orso 4×4[107] | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | MRAP | 56 | Command post variant
File:Italian Army - VTMM Orso command post vehicle of the Pinerolo Brigade.jpg Command post variant interior File:Italian Army - Mechanized Brigade "Pinerolo" VTMM Orso command post interior during exercise SIO 2021 at Torre Veneri (Apulia).jpg |
|
Cougar HE | File:Flag of the United States.svg United States | MRAP | 12[109] | File:Mine resistant ambush protected vehicles.jpg | Since 2008, in Afghanistan theater[110] |
GMV Flyer 72 | File:Flag of the United States.svg United States | Light Strike Vehicle | 27 | File:Be'eri Flyer-72 IDF-0001.jpg | In use in the Col Moschin 9º Reggimento d'Assalto Paracadutisti (9th Parachute Assault Regiment). |
Amphibious armoured vehicles | |||||
Bandvagn 206S | File:Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden | Tracked articulated vehicles (APC) | 300 | File:Italian Army - 8th Alpini Regiment BV206 S7 during a training exercise in Friuli December 2022.jpg |
|
AAV7-A1 | File:Flag of the United States.svg United States | Amphibious assault vehicle | 17 | File:AAV7-A1 in Italian Army.png | 15 AAVP-7 + 1 AAVC-7 + 1 AAVR-7 to be replaced with 82 Amphibious Combat Vehicles[111] Lagunari Regiment "Serenissima" |
Armoured engineering vehicles
Unarmoured vehicles
Base vehicles
Name | Origin | Type | Number | Photo | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unarmoured combat vehicles | |||||
VM90 / Armored VM90 | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Infantry mobility vehicle | 2,000 | File:Italian military Iveco 40.10WM.jpg |
|
Jeep Wrangler J8
Nuova Autovettura da Ricognizione (new reconnaissance vehicle) |
File:Flag of the United States.svg United States | Light reconnaissance vehicle | 210
(+ 210 option) |
File:Jeep Wrangler light - Italian Army (cropped).jpg | Purchased as a replacement of the AR90 Land Rover Defender 90 for light reconnaissance in 2020 (delivery 2021-22). To be used by the special forces.[117]
200 light (in light grey livery) + 10 standard (military livery) purchased. At a longer term 2,400 are expected in total, the variants being:[118]
|
Special forces vehicles | |||||
Land Rover VAV90 / Defender 90 WMIK | File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom | Off-road vehicle | 50 | File:VeicoloAssaltoVeloce.jpg | Weapons Mounted Installation Kit, version with 12.7mm machine gun or 40 mm grenade launcher, for special forces |
Aris LTATV | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Off-road buggy | File:Italian Army - 185th Paratroopers Reconnaissance Target Acquisition Regiment "Folgore" operators during the Stella Alpina exercise 2024 (cropped 2).png | [119] | |
Utility vehicles[96] | |||||
Autobus Fiat A90.14/Fiat 370 | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Bus | File:370 scheda.jpg | ||
Tekne Horton | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Bus | 98 | 35 passengers possible, ordered in 2021[120] | |
Light vehicles[96] | |||||
Cagiva Enduro T4 350cc | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Motorcycle | File:MotoEI.jpg | ||
MLA 90 – Pozza Alpenparà | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Motorcycle | Parachute motorcycle[121] | ||
Polaris Sportsman 700MUV 4×4 | File:Flag of the United States.svg United States | All-terrain vehicle | With parachute units[122] | ||
Polaris Sportsman Big Boss 6×6 | File:Flag of the United States.svg United States | All-terrain vehicle | File:Italian Army - 185th Paratroopers Artillery Regiment "Folgore" mortar team after disembarking from a CH-47F Chinook transport helicopter (cropped).jpg | Since 2014 with 185th Artillery Parachute Regiment for mortars & ammunition transport | |
MTA 90 – Pozza | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Tricycle light transport vehicle | Parachuted[121] | ||
MTC 90 – Fresia F18 4×4 | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Light transport vehicle | 700 | File:MTC 80.jpg | 36 MTC-80 (Fresia F10) delivered since 1988, followed by MTC-90 model[123] |
Engineering vehicles
Source [96]
Logistics
Name | Origin | Type | Number | Photo | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Trucks[96] | |||||
ACTL 4×4 | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Tactical-logistic vehicle | File:Iveco ACTL - SM 44.30 BAD - Italian Army.png |
In service since 1999
Deliveries:
| |
ACM 80/90 4×4 | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Tactical-logistic vehicle | 3000+ | File:ACM-EI.JPG | |
ACL 90 4×4 | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Tactical-logistic vehicle | 3800 | File:ACL-EI.JPG | Being phased out |
ACTL 6×6 | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Tactical-logistic vehicle | File:Autocisterna tatt.JPG |
Deliveries:
| |
ACP90[149] | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Tactical-logistic vehicle | About 100[150] |
Iveco ACP90 6×6: MLRS ammunitions transport and engineering versions
| |
ATM90 traino artiglierie | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Tactical-logistic vehicle | 136 | File:Astra66.40 trainoart.jpg | Iveco SMR 66.40 CAD 6×6 |
ACTL 8×8 | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Tactical-logistic vehicle | File:Italian Army - Logistic Regiment "Pozzuolo del Friuli" ACTL 8x8 truck disembarking from an Italian Navy LCM62-class landing craft during exercise Mare Aperto in 2024 - 02.jpg | All versions are airmobile
Deliveries:
| |
ACTL 6×6 | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Tactical-logistic vehicle | — | File:Italian Army - Logistic Regiment "Garibaldi" - recovery of VTLM Lince by an ACTL truck during exercise Red Autumn 2022.jpg | |
ATC 81/A | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Tactical-logistic vehicle | 94 | File:ATC81.JPG | Iveco 320 PTM45 6×6 with Bartoletti TCS 50 BO, delivered since 1981 |
ACTL 8×8 portacarri | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Tactical-logistic vehicle | 71 | File:Trasporto ariete.JPG | Tank cargo truck Iveco SM 88.50 TIM 8×8 with LOHR SMC 64-6.3; first batch delivered in 2004 (6); second batch delivered in 2005 (8)[153] |
HD6 | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Tactical-logistic vehicle | File:2june 2007 560.jpg |
870 in service since 1996
90 Iveco HD6 66.45 6×6 double-cab semi-trailer truck for PGM bridge section (delivered since 1996) | |
Volvo FM | File:Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden | Semi-truck | 4 | 4 with Zorzi semi-trailers delivered in June 2012[156] | |
Mod. 85 Cucina rotabile | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Kitchen trailer |
200 rations version
| ||
Airport logistic trucks | |||||
Shelter Carrier Truck | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Tactical Container Truck | File:Tekne shelter carrier truck with KRONOS radar for CAMM-ER air defence - Italian Air Force - 1 (cropped).jpg | Manufactured by Tekne and Astra, derived from the Astra HD9 8×8 "Pipe Carrier". Low cab, able to enter a C-130. And its main interest is that it can get a container in an aircraft like the C-130 without needing a machine. Its hook makes it easy. This is a very convenient logistics truck.
Some are equipped with a crane.[157] | |
Aris TPA90[158] | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Tactical-logistic vehicle | |||
Trailers | |||||
Adamoli RB1AA | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | 1-axle trailer | [159] | ||
Adamoli RB1AB | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | 1-axle trailer | File:Italian vehicles assigned to the 132nd Brigade Corazzata during Combined Resolve XV (3).jpg | [160] | |
Adamoli RB2ADR | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | 2-axles trailer | |||
Adamoli RB2ADR | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | 2-axles trailes | |||
Adamoli R3A30[161] | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | 3-axles trailer | [162] | ||
Zorzi | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | 3-axles semi-trailer | 4 Zorzi delivered in June 2012[156] | ||
– | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Equipment transport semi-trailer | File:2june 2007 002.jpg | ||
– | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Heavy equipment transport trailer | File:Trasporto ariete.JPG | ||
Containerized systems[96] | |||||
Sanijet921 NBCR system | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Container | File:Italian Army - 7th CBRN Defense Regiment "Cremona" VBR NBC Plus vehicle during an exercise - 2024 (cropped).jpg
File:Army parade of Italy 2011 09.jpg File:Italian Army - Logistic Regiment "Pozzuolo del Friuli" ACTL 8x8 truck disembarking from an Italian Navy LCM62-class landing craft during exercise Mare Aperto in 2024 - 02.jpg |
ISO1C 20′ Cristanini Containerized Sanijet921 system for NBCR deep decontamination station
| |
NBCR system | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Container | ISO1C 20′ Cristanini Containerized system for NBCR decontamination
| ||
NBCR laboratory | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Container | ISO1C 20′ Containerized Crsitanini NBCR laboratory / Aris Spa LAB NBC[163]
| ||
Weapon storage shelter | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Container | Aris Spa ASTM (Ammunition Storage Module)[164]
ISO1C 20′ Containerized weapon storage system
| ||
NBCR COLPRO | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Container | ISO1C 20′ Containerized Cristanini COLPRO system
| ||
Tank-tainer | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Container |
| ||
Energy station 500 kVA | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Container | ISO1C 20′ Containerized 500 kVA energy supply station
| ||
Energy station 375 kVA | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Container | ISO1C 20′ Containerized 375 kVA / 300 kW energy supply station
| ||
Energy station 150 kVA | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Container | ISO1C 20′ Containerized 150 kVA energy supply station
| ||
Aris TORO 120 Kw[165] | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Shelterized energy station | 120 kW energy station, initially delivered for Hawk batteries; pallet transportable or by trailer | ||
Refrigerated system | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Container[166] | File:Frigorifero su container ISO-1C - Italian Army container fridge.png | ISO1C 20′ Containerized two cells, refrigerated system
| |
Water purifying system | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Container | ISO1C 20′ ITECO water purifying Containerized system
| ||
Kitchen system for 200 rations per hour | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Trailer | File:CARRA S.R.L. - field kitchen of Italian Army - 200 rations.png | [167]
Supplied by Carra S.R.L. | |
Kitchen system for 500 rations per hour | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Container | File:Cucina shelterizzata su due container da 500 razioni - Field kitchen in shelter of Italian Army.png | Containerized kitchen system for 500 rations, based on 2 ISO1C 20′ containers[168]
| |
Bakery | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Container | File:Panificio su container ISO-1C - bakery container of Italian Army.png | Containerized bakery, based on 2 ISO1C 20′ containers[169]
| |
Laundry system | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Container | File:Lavanderia su container ISO-1C - Laundry system of the Italian Army (cropped).png | ISO1C 20′ Containerized laundry[170]
| |
Showers system | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Container | File:Docce su container ISO-1C - Italian Army container shower.png | ISO1C 20′ Containerized showers[171]
| |
Toilet system | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Container | File:Servizi igienici su container ISO-1C - Container toilets Italian Army (cropped).png | ISO1C 20′ Containerized toilet[172]
| |
Tents | |||||
Modular pneumatic tents | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Military tent | File:Modular pneumatic tent - Italian Army.png | ||
Heating and cooling systems for tents | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Temperature conditioning systems | File:Sistema riscaldatore e condizionatore per tende - Heating and cooling systems for tents of Italian Army (cropped).png | [173] |
Emergency equipment
Name | Origin | Type | Number | Photo | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Firefighting trucks | |||||
Fresia F60C 4×4 Teseo | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Airport firefighting trucks | – | [174] | |
SIRMAC Rampini SAB2500D Vulcano | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Airport firefighting trucks | – | [175] | |
Field hospitals | |||||
ROLE 2 | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Military field hospital | – | File:RoLE 2 Field hospital in Italian Army.jpg | [176]
Basic version (7 modules):
Enhanced version (on top of 7 modules of the Basic version):
|
Nucleo chirurgico campale | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Military field hospital - surgical module | – | File:RoLE 2 Field hospital in Italian Army - Surgical module.png | [177]
Module of the ROLE 2 medical complex. Module inside pneumatic tents.
|
Electronics and communications
Source [96]
Communications
Radars
Name | Origin | Type | Number | Photo | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Air-defence radar and systems | |||||
RAT-30C Radar | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | 2D air-defence radar | 1 | In service since '90s, for low level air space control | |
RAT-31SC Radar | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | 3D air-defence radar | 1 | ||
LPD/20-J Contraves Radar | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Air surveillance radar |
| ||
FDOC Digit | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | C2 Air defence system |
| ||
Battlefield surveillance radars | |||||
RSCB Ranger Selex ES Radar | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Man-portable radar | File:Italian Army - 41st Regiment "Cordenons" operator launching a RQ-11 Raven drone in the Dolomites (RSCB Ranger Selex ES Radar).jpg | In service with 41° Cordenons Regiment since 2006 – RSCB, Radar Sorveglianza Campo Battaglia | |
Lyra-10 Selex ES Radar | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Man-portable radar | 6 | In service since 2013, for FOB protection[194] | |
Thales Squire | File:Flag of France.svg France | Man-portable radar | File:Italian Army - 41st Regiment "Cordenons" operator with a Thales SQUIRE ground surveillance radar (cropped).jpg | In service with 41° Cordenons Regiment | |
Artillery locating systems | |||||
Arthur Radar | File:Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy |
Artillery locating radar | 5 | File:Italian Army - 132nd Field Artillery Regiment "Ariete" ARTHUR radar during exercise NASR 2021 in Al Qalail (Qatar).jpg | [195]
|
Selex ES HALO (Hostile Artillery Locating System) | File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom | Artillery locating system |
Other major electronic system
Name | Origin | Type | Number | Photo | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Electronic warfare | |||||
SIAR | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | ELINT system | 7 | 5 fixed installations and 2 mobile ones (every system is composed by 3 mobile sensors shelterized and one VM90P supervisor) based on Elettronica ELT/888(V)3 ELINT systems. Delivered since end '90s (ER90 system, based on initially Elettronica ELT/888 system) has been updated more times. | |
Thales Smart Rhino | File:Flag of France.svg France | Jammer | HF Jamming station[198] | ||
Laser designators | |||||
Elop PLDR | File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel | Laser designator |
| ||
Elbit RATTLER | File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel | Laser designator |
| ||
Miscellaneous | |||||
Metravib Pilar MkIIW system | File:Flag of France.svg France | Gunshot detector | File:Metravib Defence.jpg | 6 in delivery since 2013[199] | |
ICARO Stazione radiosondaggio | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Meteo probe system |
|
Boats
Source [96]
Name | Origin | Type | Number | Photo | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SAI Ambrosini 121 Trushter | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Motorboat | 60 | Used by 2° Bridging Regiment | |
Motorboat | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Motorboat |
| ||
MTP | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Landing craft | Used by Lagunari Regiment | ||
Assault boat | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Boat | Used by Lagunari Regiment | ||
Zodiac Hurricane | File:Flag of France.svg France | RHIB | Used by 9° Col Moschin Regiment | ||
Zodiac FC470 | File:Flag of France.svg France | RHIB | File:Combat Rubber Raiding Craft manned by SEAL-Team 5.jpg | 4 version 7 delivery in 2012 | |
Hart | Canoe |
Air-defence
Aircraft inventory
Rotary aircraft
Unmanned aerial vehicles
Name | Origin | Type | Number | Photo | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
AAI RQ-7B Shadow
(Made by AAI Corporation) |
File:Flag of the United States.svg United States | Medium UAV, | 16 | File:Preflight inspections RQ-7B Shadow.jpg | Ordered in 2010, received in 2016 [200]
170 kg, 9 hours endurance, ELOS (Electronic Line Of Sight) range 110 km, service ceiling 4'600 m, EO/IR sensor (Electro-Optical/InfraRed) |
APR Rapier X-25
(Made by Sky Eye Systems) |
File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Miini UAV, | 2 systems ordered
(3 aircraft each) |
Ordered in December 2022[201]
Mass of 25 kg, 16h endurance, BVLOS 100 km (beyond visual line of sight), service ceiling 4'000 m, EO/IR (Electro-Optical/Infrared), as standard sensor, and some optional sensors:
| |
RQ-11 Raven
(Made by AeroVironment) |
File:Flag of the United States.svg United States | Miini UAV, | 36 (variant A)
36 (variant B) |
File:Italian Army - 41st Regiment "Cordenons" operator launching a RQ-11 Raven drone in the Dolomites.jpg | Received in 2007-08 [200]
2.2 kg, 1h15' endurance, range 10 km, service ceiling 4'500 m, EO/IR sensor (Electro-Optical/InfraRed)[202] |
Bramor C4EYE[203]
(Made by C-Astral) |
File:Flag of Slovenia.svg Slovenia | Miini UAV, | 3 | File:Italian Army - 41st Regiment "Cordenons" operator launching a Bramor C4EYE drone.jpg | Purchased in 2014 [200]
4.7 kg, 3h30' endurance, range 40 km LOS (Line Of Sight) with MANET, travel 150 km, service ceiling 5'000 m, EO/IR sensor (Electro-Optical/InfraRed) [203] |
STRIX
(Made by Alpi Aviation) |
File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Miini UAV, | 3 (variant c)
1 (variant D) |
File:UAV Stryx.jpg | Received in 2010 [200]
10 kg, 4 hours endurance, operational radius 300 km, service ceiling 4500 m, Sensors available: |
CREX-B(Made by Leonardo) | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Miini UAV, | — | File:UAV Crex-B.jpg | Received in 2014 [206]
Mass of 2 kg, 1h10' endurance, LOS 10 km, operates at 30–500 m from the ground, service ceiling 3'100 m, EO/IR sensor (Electro-Optical/Infrared) [207] |
SIXTON
(Made by Alpi Aviation and A3R) |
Micro UAV, | 2 | File:Italian Army - 41st Regiment "Cordenons" operator launching a RQ-11 Raven drone in the Dolomites.jpg | Received in 2010 [200]
< 2 kg, 1h30' endurance on target, LOS 7 km, range 3 km, service ceiling 3'000 m, EO/IR sensor (Electro-Optical/InfraRed) [208] | |
SPYBALL-B
(Made by Leonardo) |
File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Miini UAV, | — | File:UAV SpyBall.jpg | Received in 2014 [207]
2 kg, 25' endurance on target, LOS 5 km, operates at 20–100 m from the ground, service ceiling 2'100 m, EO/IR sensor (Electro-Optical/InfraRed) [209] |
ASIO-B
(Made by Leonardo) |
File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Miini UAV, | — | File:UAV Asio.jpg | Received in 2014, designed for "hover and stare" [206][207]
6.8 kg, 30' endurance on target, LOS 10 km, service ceiling 3'000 m, EO/IR Gimbal (Electro-Optical/InfraRed) |
IA-3 COLIBRÌ | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Miini UAV, | — | File:Italian Army - 41st Regiment "Cordenons" IA-3 Colibrì drone front view.jpg | Carbon-fiber structure [200]
Mass of 7.4 kg, 50' endurance, encrypted data link up to 20 km, range 5 km, service ceiling 3'000 m, EO/IR sensor (Electro-Optical/Infrared), the data captured can be used for GIS / maps |
Aeronautics Skystar 300
(Made by Controp) |
File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel | Surveillance balloon | 1 | Received in 2013 [199]
Balloon equipped with a stabilized EO/IR gimbal (Electro-Optical/Infrared) |
Future equipment
Model | Image | Origin | Type | Quantity ordered | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
GRIFO | File:Flag of Italy.svg ItalyFile:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom | Short range surface-to-air missile system | 6 batteries
(+ 3 on option) |
Replacement of the Aspide with the GRIFO in the army (confirmed in 2022) and a comparable system in the air force, the MAADS.[210][211]
Both systems are equipped with the Albatros NG missile (CAMM-ER) by MBDA Italia, which is also to be used by the Italian Navy, replacing the Aster 15. For the army, it's equipped with a radar X-TAR3D by Rheinmetall Air Defence Italy (former Oerlikon Contraves), and network capable a command post operation module Forza NEC..[211] It is also planned to enable the missile CAMM-ER to be used on the SAMP/T batteries. Budget €456.3 million for 6 batteries and the munitions. Option for 3 additional batteries, and additional missiles for €106.3 million.[211] | |
Leonardo Kronos Grand Mobile High Power
SAMP/T NG Middle life upgrade |
File:Leonardo KRONOS StarFire X-Band AESA radar on bridge of Francesco Morosini (P-431) at JMSDF Yokosuka Naval Base June 25, 2023.jpg | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Air defence guidance radar | 6 | New radar for the SAMP/T batteries of the Army to be supplied by Leonardo (former Finmeccanica-Selex ES).[211][212] |
Aster 30 Block 1 NT
SAMP/T added capabilities and additional stockpile |
File:Italian Army - 4th Anti-aircraft Artillery Regiment "Peschiera" SAMPT missile reloading (cropped).jpg | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Missile | < 700 | Contract for a bit less than 700 new missiles in 2023 ( Aster 15 and 30 for France, only Aster 30 for Italy) to be supplied to: |
AW169 LUH | File:MM81993 EI.109 Leonardo UH-169B Italian Army RAF Fairford 12.7.23 (53077211348).jpg | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Light utility helicopter | 15 | Order on top of the 2 already in service, to be delivered from 2023.[213] 50 planned in total [214] |
AW249 | File:Italian Army - AW-249 Fenice attack helicopter during the Stella Alpina exercise 2024 - 02.jpg | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Scout and escort helicopter | 48 | In January 2017, the Italian Army awarded a €487 million ($515 million) contract to Leonardo S.p.A. for the development of a successor to the Agusta A129 Mangusta attack helicopter. The total cost of the AW249 was announced to be €2.7 billion in total, it includes the development cost of €487 million. |
Freccia | File:Italian Army - Mechanized Brigade "Pinerolo" Freccia IFV.jpg | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Reconnaissance | 120 | [215] |
Main battle tank | File:Rheinmetall kf51 dynamisch hohe aufloesung 1XII0825.jpg | File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Main Battle Tank | 132 | In October 2023, the parliament confirmed the intention to purchase new main battle tanks. A budget of €100 million is forecasted for 2024, and up to €4 billion until 2037, and €8.25 billion over its lifetime.[216][217]
The electronic systems will be supplied by the Iveco - OTO Melara Consortium (CIO). |
Armored engineer vehicle | File:Kodiak breaktrough tank.jpg | File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Armoured engineering vehicles | 140 | Approved by the government, to be supplied from 2027 to 2037.[216][217] |
Armored recovery vehicle | File:Exercise Noble Jump 23 Tank, Engineer, Infantry, Medic Training - Wisent 2 Norwegian Army (3).webp | Armoured engineering vehicles | |||
Armored vehicle-launched bridge | File:Leopard 2 Leguaan.jpg | Armoured engineering vehicles | |||
A2CS Programme
Army Armored Combat System |
File:Lynx Recce.jpg | File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany
or/and File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy |
Infantry Fighting Vehicle,
Command post, Counter-tank, Mortar carrier, Reconnaissance, Mobile SHORAD, Engineering, Ambulance Ammunition carrier Driving school |
1000 [218](679 IFV)[219] | Initially named AICS (Armoured Infantry Combat System), the programme intended to purchase up to 570 tracked vehicles.[220]
The programme was renamed A2CS in January 2024 with the intent to purchase 1,000 vehicles in a first phase for a budget of €5.2 billion over 14 years, and a lifetime cost estimated at €15 billion.[218] The intention is to replace the Dardo with a new tracked IFV, to use this platform for other roles. In terms of technical capabilities, the Italian Army is interested in a vehicle with modular armour, open architecture, command and control capability and drone management (air and ground drones). Italy intends to collaborate with other European countries on that programme. There are various options on the table.
Among vehicles that weren't officially mentioned that could be considered are:
|
Freccia | File:2june 2007 354.jpg | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Variants not defined yet | 180 | Third batch of 180 Freccia EVO approved in pluriannual program 2022-2024.
300 additional to the 330 already ordered have been approved for an expected budget of €1.034 billion. Among the 300, 120 exploration vehicles are already confirmed (see above in green line). The rest is expected to be more modern variants of the existing ones.[224] |
Iveco SuperAV | File:Bozen 1 (271).JPG | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Variants not defined yet | 82 | Successor of the AAV-7[225]
|
VTMM 2 Orso 6×6
Veicoli Tattici Medi Multiruolo |
File:Italian Army - VTMM Orso command post vehicle of the Pinerolo Brigade.jpg | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Armoured command Post | 197 | The Command Post versions are aimed at enhancing the Command and Control (C2) capability of Army units at the Land Tactical Command Posts of the Brigades, regiments/Task Forces and battalions, allowing Commanders and their staff to exercise the C2 function even on the move.[226] |
VTMM 2 Orso
Veicoli Tattici Medi Multiruolo |
File:Italian Army - VTMM Orso command post vehicle of the Pinerolo Brigade.jpg | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Armoured vehicle in specialised variants | 150 | As part of the variants, one expected is an armoured logistic vehicle, ambulances, EOD.[226] |
VTMM 2 Orso
Veicoli Tattici Medi Multiruolo |
File:Italian Army - VTMM Orso command post vehicle of the Pinerolo Brigade.jpg | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Other roles | 190 | 633 VTMM planned in total [227]
|
GMV Flyer 72 | File:Be'eri Flyer-72 IDF-0001.jpg | File:Flag of the United States.svg United States | Light Strike Vehicle | — | Already in use in the Col Moschin 9º Reggimento d'Assalto Paracadutisti (9th Parachute Assault Regiment).
Additional planned in the Documento di Programmazione Pluriennale (DPP) 2023-2025 for the special forces and the Paratroopers Brigade "Folgore".[228] |
HIMARS | File:1-14th FAR conducts HIRAIN exercise as part of DEFENDER-Europe 22 DVIDS7232028.jpg | File:Flag of the United States.svg United States of America | Multiple rocket launcher system | 21 | In October 2023, the Italian parliament approved the 2023 defence spending and 2024 forecast. The 2024 forecast includes a €145 million budget for the launcher, and a total of €960 million including the munitions (unknown), the training and the supply chain costs.[217] |
MBDA new MANPAD | – | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | MANPAD | – | MBDA announced the development of a new MANPAD missile following the expression of a new missile needed by the Italian Armed Forces.[229] |
Iveco MUV 70.20
Military Utility Vehicle |
File:Iveco MUV Chassis Cab (1).jpg | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Multi-role 4×4 | 3,750 | A 4×4 military variant of the Iveco Daily to replace the VM90[230] |
RCH-155 | File:KMW-RCH155-01.jpg | File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany
File:Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg Switzerland File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy |
Self-propelled howitzer | — | As part of the modernisation of the artillery, the army is looking for a wheeled howitzer to complement its PzH 2000 and replace the FH70.[231][232]
In October 2024, the RCH 155 was selected by the government. A budget request was made to the parliament for a value of €202 million to order a first batch of RCH 155 and set up the logistics, maintenance, training programme, resupply vehicles and recovery vehicles. A requested budget of €1.608 billion for a second batch was also requested to the parliament.[233][234] The base vehicle is unknown, but could include:
|
See also
References
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- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "Chi sono gli incursori del Nono reggimento d'assalto "Col Moschin"". InsideOver (in italiano). 13 November 2019. Retrieved 18 October 2022.
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- ↑ "Col Moschin 9º Reggimento d'Assalto Paracadutisti" (in Italian). RAIDS Italia Magazine (ISSN 1721-3460), 2007.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 "4° Reggimento Alpini Paracadutisti Ranger - Le armi individuali di reparto - Airholic.it" (in italiano). 2019-09-11. Retrieved 2023-10-18.
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- ↑ Giansiracusa, Aurelio (2021-04-08). "Inizia la distribuzione della pistola Beretta APX all'Esercito Italiano". Ares Osservatorio Difesa (in italiano). Retrieved 2023-10-21.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 https://documenti.camera.it/leg18/dossier/pdf/DI0171.pdf [bare URL PDF]
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- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20110716075641/http://www.siulproma.com/pdf/circolari/2009/Circ._Armi_in_uso_alla_Polizia_di_Stato.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2023-11-19.
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(help) - ↑ Kemp, Ian (2009). "A New 5.56mm Generation or a Changing of the Guard?" (PDF). Asian Military Review. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-07. Retrieved 2010-04-18.
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- ↑ "ARX 200 per i tiratori esperti dell'Esercito Italiano" (in italiano). Retrieved 18 October 2022.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 https://www.difesa.it/Amministrazionetrasparente/segredifesa/terrarm/Documents/DAC_2017/DAC_TER17_045.pdf [bare URL PDF]
- ↑ "I programmi di acquisizione ed ammodernamento dell'Esercito Italiano – Analisi Difesa" (in italiano). 2023-11-16. Retrieved 2023-11-19.
- ↑ "Fucile di precisione SAKO TRG 42 cal. .338". Retrieved 18 October 2022.
- ↑ "SAKO TRG 42 RIFLE cal. 338 - Esercito Italiano". www.esercito.difesa.it. Retrieved 2024-10-27.
- ↑ Technologies, Italian Defence (2022-01-18). "Italian Army I choose the Victrix Scorpio sniper rifle". Italian Defence Technologies (in italiano). Retrieved 2023-10-18.
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- ↑ "Fucile di precisione BARRETT M82 cal. .50". Retrieved 18 October 2022.
- ↑ "M82 Barrett Rifle cal. 50 - Esercito Italiano". www.esercito.difesa.it. Retrieved 2024-10-27.
- ↑ "Mitragliatrice Minimi cal. 5,56 mm NATO". Retrieved 18 October 2022.
- ↑ redazionale (2023-03-02). "Mitragliatrici MINIMI per la Difesa Italiana". Ares Osservatorio Difesa (in italiano). Retrieved 2024-01-26.
- ↑ "Mitragliatrice media MG 42/59 cal. 7,62 mm". Retrieved 18 October 2022.
- ↑ "Mitragliatrice BROWNING cal. 12,7 mm". Retrieved 18 October 2022.
- ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 "Esercito Italiano - 9° Reggimento d' Assalto Incursori Paracadutisti "Col Moschin"". www.corpidelite.net. Retrieved 2023-11-19.
- ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 October 2010. Retrieved 1 February 2010.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ↑ benedettie (15 November 2012). "COSTITUZIONE DEL POLO DELLA DEMILITARIZZAZIONE E DEL MUNIZIONAMENTO" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
- ↑ "Visita del direttore degli Armamenti Terrestri allo SMMT di Baiano – Difesa.it". difesa.it. Archived from the original on 2015-09-23. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
- ↑ "La Senatrice Roberta Pinotti, Sottosegretario di Stato alla Difesa, visita lo stabilimento militare di munizionamento terrestre di Baiano di Spoleto – Ministero della Difesa". Archived from the original on 2014-12-20. Retrieved 19 December 2014.
- ↑ 37.0 37.1 "Direttiva Sulla Programmazione del Supporto Logistico per gli Anni 2009–2010" (PDF). 27 May 2009. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
- ↑ "Mk19". Coccarde Tricolori (in italiano). 6 July 2019. Retrieved 18 October 2022.
- ↑ "Sistema d'arma controcarri "SPIKE"". Italian Army. Archived from the original on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2019.
- ↑ "Sezione 1 possibili acquisti futuri". Archived from the original on 20 December 2014. Retrieved 19 December 2014.
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: Missing or empty|title=
(help) - ↑ "Supplies - 702813-2022 - TED Tenders Electronic Daily". ted.europa.eu. Retrieved 2023-04-30.
- ↑ "Triodo - Esercito Italiano". www.esercito.difesa.it. Retrieved 2024-10-27.
- ↑ "ARX 160 GLX 160 Subsystem - Esercito Italiano". www.esercito.difesa.it. Retrieved 2024-10-27.
- ↑ https://en.difesaonline.it/mondo-militare/lesercito-italiano-cerca-di-ammodernarsi
- ↑ "Aimpoint sui fucili d'assalto italiani". Armi e Tiro (in italiano). 2004-01-13. Retrieved 2024-10-25.
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- ↑ https://www.esercito.difesa.it/equipaggiamenti/Equipaggiamento-individuale/Equipaggiamnti-individuali/altri-apparati/Pagine/aimpoint-comp-m2.aspx
- ↑ https://www.esercito.difesa.it/comunicazione/Bandi-di-gara-Esercito/Cdo-delle-Forze-Speciali-dell-Esercito/Documents/Bandi-e-Avvisi/SCHEDA_elcan_7_62_optek.pdf
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- ↑ "Visore Notturno Monoculare AN/PVS 18 M983 - Esercito Italiano". www.esercito.difesa.it. Retrieved 2024-10-26.
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{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ↑ 76.0 76.1 "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-05-18. Retrieved 2014-05-26.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-05-18. Retrieved 2014-05-26.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ↑ "G-12 Parachutes". Archived from the original on 20 December 2014. Retrieved 19 December 2014.
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- ↑ "Mortai Esercito Italiano". Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
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- ↑ Artiglieria Terrestre Esercito Italiano Archived 2014-03-08 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "Howitzer 105/14 - Esercito Italiano". www.esercito.difesa.it. Retrieved 2024-10-27.
- ↑ "Obice da 155/39 FH-70". Esercito Italiano. Archived from the original on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2019.
- ↑ "Howitzer 155/39 FH–70 - Esercito Italiano". www.esercito.difesa.it. Retrieved 2024-10-27.
- ↑ "New FH-70 Howitzers on the Way from Italy to Ukraine | Defense Express". en.defence-ua.com. Retrieved 2023-11-30.
- ↑ "Self-propelled howitzer PzH 2000 (PANZERHAUBITZE 2000) - Esercito Italiano". www.esercito.difesa.it. Retrieved 2024-10-27.
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- ↑ Giansiracusa, Aurelio (2023-07-04). "Munizioni di artiglieria Vulcano Guided Long Range da 155 mm per l'Esercito Italiano". Ares Osservatorio Difesa (in italiano). Retrieved 2024-01-27.
- ↑ https://www.esercito.difesa.it/en/Army-Report/Documents/2020/RE20_ING_WEB_A4.pdf p.103 pdf
- ↑ 96.0 96.1 96.2 96.3 96.4 96.5 96.6 96.7 "Esercito Italiano | Home page". Archived from the original on 2014-02-15. Retrieved 19 December 2014.
- ↑ 97.0 97.1 97.2 "Esercito italiano in panne. Metà delle armi è fuori uso – Analisi Difesa". Archived from the original on 2013-09-14. Retrieved 19 December 2014.
- ↑ Giusti, Arturo (2020-12-30). "B1 Centauro". Tank Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2024-01-27.
- ↑ "Production begins for Italian Army's Centauro II MGS". Janes.com. Retrieved 2024-04-06.
- ↑ https://www.esercito.difesa.it/en/Army-Report/Documents/2020/RE20_ING_WEB_A4.pdf P.98 of the report (p.100 of the pdf)
- ↑ Valpolini, Paolo (2022-06-28). "The Iveco - Oto Melara Consortium receives an order for an additional 16 Centauro II armoured cars for the Italian Army". EDR Magazine. Retrieved 2024-04-06.
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