Iron(II) gluconate

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Iron(II) gluconate
File:Ferrous gluconate.png
Names
Systematic IUPAC name
Iron; (2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
UNII
  • InChI=1S/2C6H12O7.Fe/c2*7-1-2(8)3(9)4(10)5(11)6(12)13;/h2*2-5,7-11H,1H2,(H,12,13);/q;;+2/p-2/t2*2-,3-,4+,5-;/m11./s1 checkY
    Key: VRIVJOXICYMTAG-IYEMJOQQSA-L checkY
  • InChI=1/2C6H12O7.Fe/c2*7-1-2(8)3(9)4(10)5(11)6(12)13;/h2*2-5,7-11H,1H2,(H,12,13);/q;;+2/p-2/t2*2-,3-,4+,5-;/m11./s1
    Key: VRIVJOXICYMTAG-QFKJHGNTBV
  • [Fe+2].O[C@H]([C@@H](O)C([O-])=O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO.[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO
Properties
FeC12H22O14
Molar mass 446,14528 g/mol
Appearance light yellow to brown powder
Odor slight caramel odor
Melting point 188 °C (370 °F; 461 K) dihydrate
soluble
Solubility soluble in glycerin
negligible in alcohol
Pharmacology
B03AA03 (WHO)
B03AD05 (WHO) (combination with folic acid)
Hazards
Safety data sheet (SDS) Oxford MSDS
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Iron(II) gluconate, or ferrous gluconate,[1] is a black compound often used as an iron supplement. It is the iron(II) salt of gluconic acid. It is marketed under brand names such as Fergon, Ferralet and Simron.[2]

Uses

Medical

Main article: Iron supplement

Ferrous gluconate is effectively used in the treatment of hypochromic anemia. The use of this compound compared with other iron preparations results in satisfactory reticulocyte responses, a high percentage utilization of iron, and daily increase in hemoglobin that a normal level occurs in a reasonably short time.[3]

Food additive

Ferrous gluconate is also used as a food additive when processing black olives. It is represented by the food labeling E number E579 in Europe. It imparts a uniform jet black color to the olives.[4][5]

Toxicity

Ferrous gluconate may be toxic in case of overdose. Children may show signs of toxicity with ingestions of 10–20 mg/kg of elemental iron. Serious toxicity may result from ingestions of more than 60 mg/kg. Iron exerts both local and systemic effects: it is corrosive to the gastrointestinal mucosa, it can have a negative impact on the heart and blood (dehydration, low blood pressure, fast and weak pulse, shock), lungs, liver, gastrointestinal system (diarrhea, nausea, vomiting blood), nervous system (chills, dizziness, coma, convulsions, headache), and skin (flushing, loss of color, bluish-colored lips and fingernails).[6][7] The symptoms may disappear in a few hours, but then emerge again after 1 or more days. [citation needed]

See also

References

  1. ↑ SciToys.com ferrous gluconate information page
  2. ↑ Drugs.com ferrous gluconate summary
  3. ↑ Reznikoff, Paul; Goebel, Walther F. (1937). "The Use of Ferrous Gluconate in the Treatment of Hypochromic Anemia". Journal of Clinical Investigation. 16 (4): 547–54. doi:10.1172/JCI100881. PMC 424894. PMID 16694502.
  4. ↑ CSPI's Guide to Food Additives
  5. ↑ Antonio Higinio Sánchez Gómez, Pedro García García and Luis Rejano Navarro (Spain 2006). "Elaboration of table olives – 4.2.3. Colour fixation", p. 92, from digital.csic.es. Archived 2018-04-22. Retrieved 2019-03-01.
  6. ↑ Toxicity, Iron
  7. ↑ Iron overdose
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