Field marshal (Russian Empire)

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Field marshal (General-feldmarshal, General-fel'dmarshal, General field marshal, or simply Fieldmarshal; Russian: Генерал-фельдмаршал) was, with the exception of Generalissimo, the highest military rank of the Russian Empire. It was a military rank of the 1st class in the Imperial Russian Army and equal to those of Chancellor and Active Privy Councillor, 1st class in civil service, and General Admiral in the Imperial Russian Navy.[1][2][3] After the Russian Revolution of 1917 the rank was abolished, alongside the Table of Ranks. In 1935 however, the Red Army introduced the equivalent rank of "Marshal of the Soviet Union" (Russian: Маршал Советского Союза) as the highest military rank of the Soviet Union, when ranks were restored under Stalin's rule.

File:Rufieldmarshals.jpg
The Field Marshals' Hall of the Winter Palace. Russian cuirassiers can be seen observing the paintings.
File:01 Representation of the Uniforms of the Russian Imperial Army.jpg
Uniform of a Russian General-feldmarshal (1793).

Russian field marshals

The rank of field marshal was bestowed on the following 64 Imperial Russian Army officers:[4]

Appointed Portrait Name Lifespan
1700 File:Fedor Golovin.PNG Count Fyodor Golovin 1650–1706
1701 File:Boris Sheremetyev by I.Argunov (1768, Kuskovo).jpg Count Boris Sheremetev 1652–1719
1709 File:A. Menshikov (Kuskovo).jpg Prince Alexander Danilovich Menshikov 1673–1729
1725 File:Repnin anikita.jpg Prince Anikita Repnin 1668–1726
1725 File:Golitsyn M M 1675-1730.jpg Prince Mikhail Mikhailovich Golitsyn 1675–1730
1726 File:Bryus YaV.jpg Count Jacob Bruce 1670–1735
1726 File:Jan Kazimier Sapieha. Ян Казімер Сапега (XVIII).jpg Jan Kazimierz Sapieha Before 1679–1730
1728 File:Troubetskoy Ivan Yuryevich.jpg Prince Ivan Trubetskoy 1667–1750
1728 File:Dolgorukov Vasily Vladimirovich.jpg Prince Vasily Vladimirovich Dolgorukov 1667–1746
1732 File:Minikh BK.jpg Count Burkhard Christoph von Münnich 1683–1767
1736 File:Peter von Lacy.PNG Count Peter von Lacy 1678–1751
1742 File:Ludwig Gruno von Hessen-Homburg F.Lippold (1739, Kuskovo).JPG Prince Ludwig Gruno von Hesse-Homburg 1705–1745
1756 File:Stepaapraxin.jpg Stepan Apraksin 1702–1758
1756 File:Troubetskoy Nikita Yuryevich.jpg Prince Nikita Trubetskoy 1699–1767
1756 File:Alexandr Borisovich Buturlin.gif Count Alexander Buturlin 1694–1767
1756 File:Alexei Grigorievich Razumovskiy.PNG Count Alexei Razumovsky 1709–1771
1759 File:Pietro Antonio Rotari 12.jpg Count Pyotr Saltykov 1698–1772
1761 File:RusPortraits v3-063 Graf Aleksandr Ivanovich Shuvalov, 1710-1771.jpg Count Alexander Ivanovich Shuvalov 1710–1771
1761 File:RusPortraits v3-003 Le Comte Pierre Ivanowitch Chouvaloff.jpg Count Pyotr Ivanovich Shuvalov 1711–1762
1761 File:Peter August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck.jpg Peter August Friedrich, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck 1697–1775
1762 File:Georges Louis de Holstein Gottorp.jpg Prince Georg Ludwig of Holstein-Gottorp 1719–1763
1762 File:Chancellor bestuzhev.jpg Count Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin 1693–1766
1762 File:Troubetskoy Nikita Yuryevich.jpg Prince Nikita Trubetskoy 1699–1769
1764 File:Kirill Razumovsky Tokke.jpg Count Kirill Razumovsky 1728–1803
1769 File:RusPortraits v3-173 Kniaz' Aleksandr Mikhailovich Golitsyn, 1718-1783.jpg Prince Alexander Mikhailovich Golitsyn 1718–1783
1770 File:Rumjanzew-sadunaiski.jpg Count Pyotr Rumyantsev 1725–1796
1773 File:Tschernyschew Zachar2 (cropped).jpg Count Zakhar Chernyshev 1722–1784
1784 File:Princepotemkin.jpg Prince Grigory Potemkin 1739–1791
1794 File:Suvorov with a Field-Marshal's batoon.jpg Prince Aleksandr Suvorov 1729–1800
1796 File:Soltikoff.jpg Count Ivan Saltykov 1730–1805
1796 File:Nikolai Vasilyevich Repnin.jpg Prince Nikolai Vasilyevich Repnin 1734–1801
1796 File:Saltykov Nikolay Ivanovich.jpg Prince Nikolai Saltykov 1736–1816
1796 File:Chernyshov Ivan Grigoryevich.jpg Count Ivan Chernyshyov 1726–1797
1797 File:Elmpt-ik.jpg Count Johann Martin von Elmpt 1725–1802
1797 File:Dmitry Levitzky 29.jpg Count Valentin Musin-Pushkin 1735–1804
1797 File:Mikhail Kamensky by unknown painter, end of 18-th century.jpg Count Mikhail Kamensky 1738–1809
1797 File:Victor-François de Broglie.jpg Victor François de Broglie, 2nd Duke of Broglie 1718–1804
1807 File:Alexandr Prozorovsky by D. Levitsky.jpg Prince Alexander Prozorovsky 1732–1809
1807 File:Gudovich.jpg Count Ivan Gudovich 1741–1820
1812 File:Kutuzov2 by Daw.jpg Prince Mikhail Golenischev-Kutuzov 1745–1813
1814 File:Barclay de Tolly (Dawe).jpg Prince Mikhail Barclay de Tolly 1761–1818
1825 File:Fabian Vilgelmovitch von der Osten-Saken by George Dawe (version 1822) - Hermitage.jpg Prince Fabian Gottlieb von der Osten-Sacken 1752–1837
1826 File:Pjotr-christianowitsch-wittgenstein.jpg Ludwig Adolph Peter, Prince of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg-Ludwigsburg 1769–1843
1829 File:Ivan Fedorovitch Paskevitch by George Dawe (version 1823) - Hermitage.jpg Prince Ivan Paskevich 1782–1856
1829 File:Ivan Ivanovitch Dibich by George Dawe - Hermitage.jpg Count Hans Karl von Diebitsch-Zabalkansky 1785–1831
1850 File:Prince Pyotr Mikhailovich Volkonsky by George Dawe - Hermitage.jpg Prince Pyotr Volkonsky 1776–1852
1856 File:Dawe, Mikhail Vorontsov.jpg Prince Mikhail Vorontsov 1782–1856
1859 File:Baryatinskiy Alexandr Ivanovich.jpg Prince Aleksandr Baryatinsky 1815–1879
1866 File:Fedor Fedorovich Berg 2.jpg Count Friedrich Wilhelm Rembert von Berg 1793–1874
1878 File:Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia (1831-1891).JPG Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich 1831–1891
1878 File:Grand Duke Michael Nicolaevich of Russia photo.jpg Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolaevich 1832–1909
1894 File:Gurko IV.jpg Count Iosif Vladimirovich Gurko 1828–1901
1898 File:Milutin DA.jpg Count Dmitry Milyutin 1816–1912

Foreign field marshals

The rank of field marshal was also bestowed on several foreign citizens:

File:1904-ir85-e19.png
Epaulette of Field marshal of Russian Vyborg 85th Infantry Regiment of German Emperor Wilhelm II
File:1912ir018-e01.png
Epaulette of Field marshal of Russian Vologda 18th Infantry Regiment of Romanian King Carol I
File:Russian generals uniform - 15th firing regiment - of King of Montenegro Nikola I Petrović.png
Uniform of Field marshal of Russian 15th Firing Regiment of Montenegrin King Nicholas I
Appointed Portrait Name Lifespan
1700 File:CEdeCroy.jpg Holy Roman Empire Charles Eugène, Duc de Croy 1651–1702
1762 File:Portrait of Carl Ludwig Holstein-Beck.jpg Schleswig-Holstein Charles Louis, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck 1690–1774
1774 File:Louis IX of Hesse Darmstadt-f4598401.jpg Hesse Louis IX of Hesse-Darmstadt 1719–1790
1818[5] File:Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington by Thomas Lawrence.jpg United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington 1769–1852
1836 File:Radetzky-von-radetz.jpg Austrian Empire Josef Graf zu Radetzky von Radetz 1766–1858
1837 File:Leopold Kupelwieser - Erzherzog Johann.jpg Austrian Empire Archduke Johann of Austria 1782–1859
1872 File:Field Marshal Count Helmuth von Moltke.jpg German Empire Helmuth Graf von Moltke 1800–1891
1872 File:Alberto Federico Rodolfo Domenico d'Asburgo-Teschen, arciduca d'Austria.jpg Austria-Hungary Archduke Albrecht of Austria 1817–1895
1872 File:Albert of Saxony by Nicola Perscheid c1900.jpg German Empire Albert, Crown Prince of Saxony 1828–1902
1872 File:Carl von Preußen.jpg German Empire Prince Friedrich Karl Alexander of Prussia 1801–1883
1872 File:Prinz Friedrich Carl.jpg German Empire Prince Friedrich Karl Nikolaus of Prussia 1828–1885
1872 File:Prince Albrecht of Prussia (1809 - 1872).jpg German Empire Prince Friedrich Heinrich Albrecht of Prussia 1809–1872
1872 File:Friedrich III as Kronprinz - in GdK uniform by Heinrich von Angeli 1874.jpg German Empire Crown Prince Friedrich of Prussia 1831–1888
1888[6] File:Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany - 1902.jpg German Empire Wilhelm II, German Emperor 1859–1941
1910 File:King Nicholas of Montenegro (1911).jpg Kingdom of Montenegro King Nicholas I of Montenegro 1841–1921
1912 File:Carol I of Romania edited.jpg Kingdom of Romania King Carol I of Romania 1839–1914

See also

References

  1. ↑ Segrillo, Angelo (November 2016). "A First Complete Translation into English of Peter the Great's Original Table of Ranks: Observations on the Occurrence of a Black Hole in the Translation of Russian Historical Documents" (PDF). lea.vitis.uspnet.usp.br.
  2. ↑ "Table of Ranks". Global Security. globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
  3. ↑ "Peter the Great's Table of Ranks". The University of Virginia. faculty.virginia.edu. Archived from the original on 18 November 2018. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
  4. ↑ (in Russian) Генерал-фельдмаршалы Российской империи
  5. ↑ James William Edmund Doyle (1886). "Wellington". The Official Baronage of England: Showing the Succession, Dignities, and Offices of Every Peer from 1066 to 1885. Vol. 3. London: Longmans Green and Co. pp. 615–620.
  6. ↑ Полное собрание законов Российской Империи. Собрание третье. Том VIII: 1888 год (Приказы № 4933–5685). Приказ №5356 от 14 июня 1888 года.
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