List of geometers

"Geometer" redirects here. For the moth family, see geometer moth.

"Geometrician" redirects here. For the moth, see Grammodes stolida.

File:Oxyrhynchus papyrus with Euclid's Elements.jpg

One of the oldest surviving fragments of Euclid's Elements, found at Oxyrhynchus and dated to c. 100 AD (P. Oxy. 29). The diagram accompanies Book II, Proposition 5.

A geometer is a mathematician whose area of study is the historical aspects that define geometry, instead of the analytical geometric studies that becomes conducted from geometricians. Some notable geometers and their main fields of work, chronologically listed, are:

1000 BCE to 1 BCE

Further information: History of geometry

• Baudhayana (fl. c. 800 BC) – Euclidean geometry
• Manava (c. 750 BC–690 BC) – Euclidean geometry
• Thales of Miletus (c. 624 BC – c. 546 BC) – Euclidean geometry
• Pythagoras (c. 570 BC – c. 495 BC) – Euclidean geometry, Pythagorean theorem
• Zeno of Elea (c. 490 BC – c. 430 BC) – Euclidean geometry
• Hippocrates of Chios (born c. 470 – 410 BC) – first systematically organized Stoicheia – Elements (geometry textbook)
• Mozi (c. 468 BC – c. 391 BC)
• Plato (427–347 BC)
• Theaetetus (c. 417 BC – 369 BC)
• Autolycus of Pitane (360–c. 290 BC) – astronomy, spherical geometry
• Euclid (fl. 300 BC) – Elements, Euclidean geometry (sometimes called the "father of geometry")
• Apollonius of Perga (c. 262 BC – c. 190 BC) – Euclidean geometry, conic sections
• Archimedes (c. 287 BC – c. 212 BC) – Euclidean geometry
• Eratosthenes (c. 276 BC – c. 195/194 BC) – Euclidean geometry
• Katyayana (c. 3rd century BC) – Euclidean geometry

1–1300 AD

• Hero of Alexandria (c. AD 10–70) – Euclidean geometry
• Pappus of Alexandria (c. AD 290–c. 350) – Euclidean geometry, projective geometry
• Hypatia of Alexandria (c. AD 370–c. 415) – Euclidean geometry
• Brahmagupta (597–668) – Euclidean geometry, cyclic quadrilaterals
• Vergilius of Salzburg (c.700–784) – Irish bishop of Aghaboe, Ossory and later Salzburg, Austria; antipodes, and astronomy
• Al-Abbās ibn Said al-Jawharī (c. 800–c. 860)
• Thabit ibn Qurra (826–901) – analytic geometry, non-Euclidean geometry, conic sections
• Abu'l-Wáfa (940–998) – spherical geometry, spherical triangles
• Ibn al-Haytham (965–c. 1040)
• Omar Khayyam (1048–1131) – algebraic geometry, conic sections
• Ibn Maḍāʾ (1116–1196)

1301–1800 AD

File:Francesco Melzi - Portrait of Leonardo - WGA14795.jpg Leonardo da Vinci	File:JKepler.jpg Johannes Kepler	File:Gérard Desargues.jpeg Girard Desargues
File:Frans Hals - Portret van René Descartes.jpg René Descartes	File:Blaise Pascal Versailles.JPG Blaise Pascal	File:GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg Isaac Newton
File:Leonhard Euler 2.jpg Leonhard Euler	File:Carl Friedrich Gauss.jpg Carl Gauss	File:August Ferdinand Möbius.jpg August Möbius
File:Lobachevsky 03 crop.jpg Nikolai Lobachevsky	File:John Playfair by Sir Henry Raeburn.jpg John Playfair	File:JakobSteiner.jpg Jakob Steiner

• Piero della Francesca (1415–1492)
• Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) – Euclidean geometry
• Jyesthadeva (c. 1500 – c. 1610) – Euclidean geometry, cyclic quadrilaterals
• Marin Getaldić (1568–1626)
• Jacques-François Le Poivre (1652–1710) – projective geometry
• Johannes Kepler (1571–1630) – (used geometric ideas in astronomical work)
• Edmund Gunter (1581–1686)
• Girard Desargues (1591–1661) – projective geometry; Desargues' theorem
• René Descartes (1596–1650) – invented the methodology of analytic geometry, also called Cartesian geometry after him
• Pierre de Fermat (1607–1665) – analytic geometry
• Blaise Pascal (1623–1662) – projective geometry
• Christiaan Huygens (1629–1695) – evolute
• Giordano Vitale (1633–1711)
• Philippe de La Hire (1640–1718) – projective geometry
• Isaac Newton (1642–1727) – 3rd-degree algebraic curve
• Giovanni Ceva (1647–1734) – Euclidean geometry
• Johann Jacob Heber (1666–1727) – surveyor and geometer
• Giovanni Gerolamo Saccheri (1667–1733) – non-Euclidean geometry
• Leonhard Euler (1707–1783)
• Tobias Mayer (1723–1762)
• Johann Heinrich Lambert (1728–1777) – non-Euclidean geometry
• Gaspard Monge (1746–1818) – descriptive geometry
• John Playfair (1748–1819) – Euclidean geometry
• Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot (1753–1823) – projective geometry
• Joseph Diaz Gergonne (1771–1859) – projective geometry; Gergonne point
• Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855) – Theorema Egregium
• Louis Poinsot (1777–1859)
• Siméon Denis Poisson (1781–1840)
• Jean-Victor Poncelet (1788–1867) – projective geometry
• Augustin-Louis Cauchy (1789–1857)
• August Ferdinand Möbius (1790–1868) – Euclidean geometry
• Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky (1792–1856) – hyperbolic geometry, a non-Euclidean geometry
• Michel Chasles (1793–1880) – projective geometry
• Germinal Dandelin (1794–1847) – Dandelin spheres in conic sections
• Jakob Steiner (1796–1863) – champion of synthetic geometry methodology, projective geometry, Euclidean geometry

1801–1900 AD

File:Julius Plücker.jpg Julius Plücker	File:Arthur Cayley.jpg Arthur Cayley	File:Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann.jpeg Bernhard Riemann
File:Dedekind.jpeg Richard Dedekind	File:Noether 2514.JPG Max Noether	File:Felix Klein.jpeg Felix Klein
File:De Raum zeit Minkowski Bild (cropped).jpg Hermann Minkowski	File:Henri Poincaré-2.jpg Henri Poincaré	File:Jewgraf Stepanowitsch Fjodorow.jpg Evgraf Fedorov

• Karl Wilhelm Feuerbach (1800–1834) – Euclidean geometry
• Julius Plücker (1801–1868)
• János Bolyai (1802–1860) – hyperbolic geometry, a non-Euclidean geometry
• Christian Heinrich von Nagel (1803–1882) – Euclidean geometry
• Johann Benedict Listing (1808–1882) – topology
• Hermann Günther Grassmann (1809–1877) – exterior algebra
• Ludwig Otto Hesse (1811–1874) – algebraic invariants and geometry
• Ludwig Schlafli (1814–1895) – Regular 4-polytope
• Pierre Ossian Bonnet (1819–1892) – differential geometry
• Arthur Cayley (1821–1895)
• Joseph Bertrand (1822–1900)
• Delfino Codazzi (1824–1873) – differential geometry
• Bernhard Riemann (1826–1866) – elliptic geometry (a non-Euclidean geometry) and Riemannian geometry
• Julius Wilhelm Richard Dedekind (1831–1916)
• Ludwig Burmester (1840–1927) – theory of linkages
• Edmund Hess (1843–1903)
• Albert Victor Bäcklund (1845–1922)
• Max Noether (1844–1921) – algebraic geometry
• Henri Brocard (1845–1922) – Brocard points
• William Kingdon Clifford (1845–1879) – geometric algebra
• Pieter Hendrik Schoute (1846–1923)
• Felix Klein (1849–1925)
• Sofia Vasilyevna Kovalevskaya (1850–1891)
• Evgraf Fedorov (1853–1919)
• Henri Poincaré (1854–1912)
• Luigi Bianchi (1856–1928) – differential geometry
• Alicia Boole Stott (1860–1940)
• Hermann Minkowski (1864–1909) – non-Euclidean geometry
• Henry Frederick Baker (1866–1956) – algebraic geometry
• Élie Cartan (1869–1951)
• Dmitri Egorov (1869–1931) – differential geometry
• Veniamin Kagan (1869–1953)
• Raoul Bricard (1870–1944) – descriptive geometry
• Ernst Steinitz (1871–1928) – Steinitz's theorem
• Marcel Grossmann (1878–1936)
• Oswald Veblen (1880–1960) – projective geometry, differential geometry
• Nathan Altshiller Court (1881–1968) – author of College Geometry
• Emmy Noether (1882–1935) – algebraic topology
• Harry Clinton Gossard (1884–1954)
• Arthur Rosenthal (1887–1959)
• Helmut Hasse (1898–1979) – algebraic geometry

1901–present

H. S. M. Coxeter	File:Ernst Witt.jpeg Ernst Witt	File:Benoit Mandelbrot mg 1804-d.jpg Benoit Mandelbrot
File:Branko Grünbaum.jpg Branko Grünbaum	File:Michael Francis Atiyah.jpg Michael Atiyah	File:John H Conway 2005 (cropped).jpg J. H. Conway
File:William Thurston.jpg William Thurston	File:Gromov Mikhail Leonidovich.jpg Mikhail Gromov	File:George-hart-puzzle2.jpg George W. Hart
File:Shing-Tung Yau at Harvard.jpg Shing-Tung Yau	File:KarolyBezdekProfile.jpg Károly Bezdek	File:Perelman, Grigori (1966).jpg Grigori Perelman
Auroux denis Denis Auroux

• William Vallance Douglas Hodge (1903–1975)
• Patrick du Val (1903–1987)
• Beniamino Segre (1903–1977) – combinatorial geometry
• J. C. P. Miller (1906–1981)
• André Weil (1906–1998) – Algebraic geometry
• H. S. M. Coxeter (1907–2003) – theory of polytopes, non-Euclidean geometry, projective geometry
• J. A. Todd (1908–1994)
• Daniel Pedoe (1910–1998)
• Shiing-Shen Chern (1911–2004) – differential geometry
• Ernst Witt (1911–1991)
• Rafael Artzy (1912–2006)
• Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov (1912–1999)
• László Fejes Tóth (1915–2005)
• Edwin Evariste Moise (1918–1998)
• Aleksei Pogorelov (1919–2002) – differential geometry
• Magnus Wenninger (1919–2017) – polyhedron models
• Jean-Louis Koszul (1921–2018)
• Isaak Yaglom (1921–1988)
• Eugenio Calabi (1923–2023)
• Benoit Mandelbrot (1924–2010) – fractal geometry
• Katsumi Nomizu (1924–2008) – affine differential geometry
• Michael S. Longuet-Higgins (1925–2016)
• John Leech (1926–1992)
• Alexander Grothendieck (1928–2014) – algebraic geometry
• Branko Grünbaum (1929–2018) – discrete geometry
• Michael Atiyah (1929–2019)
• Lev Semenovich Pontryagin (1908–1988)
• Geoffrey Colin Shephard (1927–2016)
• Norman W. Johnson (1930–2017)
• John Milnor (1931–)
• Roger Penrose (1931–)
• Yuri Manin (1937–2023) – algebraic geometry and diophantine geometry
• Vladimir Arnold (1937–2010) – algebraic geometry
• Ernest Vinberg (1937–2020)
• J. H. Conway (1937–2020) – sphere packing, recreational geometry
• Robin Hartshorne (1938–) – geometry, algebraic geometry
• Phillip Griffiths (1938–) – algebraic geometry, differential geometry
• Enrico Bombieri (1940–) – algebraic geometry
• Robert Williams (1942–)
• Peter McMullen (1942–)
• Richard S. Hamilton (1943–2024) – differential geometry, Ricci flow, Poincaré conjecture
• Mikhail Gromov (1943–)
• Rudy Rucker (1946–)
• William Thurston (1946–2012)
• Shing-Tung Yau (1949–)
• Michael Freedman (1951–)
• Egon Schulte (1955–) – polytopes
• George W. Hart (1955–) – sculptor
• Károly Bezdek (1955–) – discrete geometry, sphere packing, Euclidean geometry, non-Euclidean geometry
• Simon Donaldson (1957–)
• Kenji Fukaya (1959–) – symplectic geometry
• Yong-Geun Oh (1961–)
• Toshiyuki Kobayashi (1962–)
• Hiraku Nakajima (1962–) – representation theory and geometry
• Hwang Jun-Muk (1963–) – algebraic geometry, differential geometry
• Grigori Perelman (1966–) – Poincaré conjecture
• Maryam Mirzakhani (1977–2017)
• Denis Auroux (1977–)

Geometers in art

File:God the Geometer.jpg God as architect of the world, 1220–1230, from Bible moralisée

File:Kepler-solar-system-2.png Kepler's Platonic solid model of planetary spacing in the Solar System from Mysterium Cosmographicum (1596)

File:Europe a Prophecy copy K plate 01.jpg The Ancient of Days, 1794, by William Blake, with the compass as a symbol for divine order

File:Newton-WilliamBlake.jpg Newton (1795), by William Blake; here, Newton is depicted critically as a "divine geometer".

See also

• Mathematics and architecture