Gleam (programming language)

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Gleam
File:Gleam Lucy.png
Lucy, the starfish mascot for Gleam[1]
ParadigmMulti-paradigm: functional, concurrent[2]
Designed byLouis Pilfold
DeveloperLouis Pilfold
First appearedJune 13, 2016; 8 years ago (2016-06-13)
Typing disciplineType-safe, static, inferred[2]
Memory managementGarbage collected
Implementation languageRust
OSFreeBSD, Linux, macOS, OpenBSD, Windows[3]
LicenseApache License 2.0[4]
Filename extensions.gleam
Websitegleam.run
Influenced by
[5]

Gleam is a general-purpose, concurrent, functional high-level programming language that compiles to Erlang or JavaScript source code.[2][6][7] Gleam is a statically-typed language,[8] which is different from the most popular languages that run on Erlang’s virtual machine BEAM, Erlang and Elixir. Gleam has its own type-safe implementation of OTP, Erlang's actor framework.[9] Packages are provided using the Hex package manager, and an index for finding packages written for Gleam is available.[10]

History

The first numbered version of Gleam was released on April 15, 2019.[11] Compiling to JavaScript was introduced with version v0.16.[12] In 2023 the Erlang Ecosystem Foundation funded the creation of a course for learning Gleam on the learning platform Exercism.[13] Version v1.0.0 was released on March 4, 2024.[14]

Features

Gleam includes the following features, many common to other functional programming languages:[7]

Example

A "Hello, World!" example: 

import gleam/io
pub fn main() {
io.println("hello, world!")
}

Gleam supports tail call optimization:[15] 

pub fn factorial(x: Int) -> Int {
// The public function calls the private tail recursive function
factorial_loop(x, 1)
}
fn factorial_loop(x: Int, accumulator: Int) -> Int {
case x {
1 -> accumulator
// The last thing this function does is call itself
_ -> factorial_loop(x - 1, accumulator * x)
}
}

Implementation

Gleam's toolchain is implemented in the Rust programming language.[16] The toolchain is a single native binary executable which contains the compiler, build tool, package manager, source code formatter, and language server. A WebAssembly binary containing the Gleam compiler is also available, enabling Gleam code to be compiled within a web browser.

References

  1. ↑ "gleam-lang/gleam Issues - New logo and mascot #2551". GitHub.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Gleam Homepage". 2024.
  3. ↑ "Installing Gleam". 2024.
  4. ↑ "Gleam License File". GitHub. December 5, 2021.
  5. ↑ Pilfold, Louis (February 7, 2024). "Gleam: Past, Present, Future!". Fosdem 2024 – via YouTube.
  6. ↑ Krill, Paul (March 5, 2024). "Gleam language available in first stable release". InfoWorld. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Eastman, David (June 22, 2024). "Introduction to Gleam, a New Functional Programming Language". The New Stack. Retrieved July 29, 2024.
  8. ↑ De Simone, Sergio (March 16, 2024). "Erlang-Runtime Statically-Typed Functional Language Gleam Reaches 1.0". InfoQ. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
  9. ↑ Getting to know Actors in Gleam - Raúl Chouza. Code BEAM America. March 27, 2024. Retrieved May 6, 2024 – via YouTube.
  10. ↑ "Introducing the Gleam package index – Gleam". gleam.run. Retrieved May 7, 2024.
  11. ↑ "Hello, Gleam! – Gleam". gleam.run. Retrieved May 6, 2024.
  12. ↑ "v0.16 - Gleam compiles to JavaScript! – Gleam". gleam.run. Retrieved May 7, 2024.
  13. ↑ Alistair, Woodman (December 2023). "Erlang Ecosystem Foundation Annual General Meeting 2023 Chair's Report".
  14. ↑ "Gleam version 1 – Gleam". gleam.run. Retrieved May 7, 2024.
  15. ↑ "Tail Calls". The Gleam Language Tour. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
  16. ↑ gleam-lang/gleam, Gleam, May 6, 2024, retrieved May 6, 2024

External links

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