List of historic states of Germany

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History of Germany
File:Coat of arms of Germany.svg
Topics
Early history
Middle Ages
Early Modern period
Unification
German Reich
German Empire1871–1918
World War I1914–1918
Weimar Republic1918–1933
Nazi Germany1933–1945
World War II1939–1945
Contemporary Germany
1945–1949/1952
Expulsion of Germans1944–1950
1949–1990
1990
Modern historysince 1990

Germany is traditionally a country organized as a federal state. After the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the German-speaking territories of the empire became allied in the German Confederation (1815–1866), a league of states with some federalistic elements. After the Austro-Prussian War, Prussia led the Northern states into a federal state called the North German Confederation (1867–1870). The Southern states joined the federal state in 1870/71, which was consequently renamed the German Empire (1871–1918). The state continued as the Weimar Republic (1919–1933). Present-day Germany is a federal republic which combines the States of Germany.

States of the German Confederation

Main article: States of the German Confederation
A map of the German Confederation.
State Capital
Empires (Kaisertümer)
File:Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy.svg Austria (Österreich)
(only western Cisleithania) 		Vienna
Kingdoms (Königreiche)
File:Flag of Bavaria (striped).svg Bavaria (Bayern) Munich
File:Flag of Hanover 1837-1866.svg Hanover (Hannover) Hanover
File:Flag of the Kingdom of Prussia (1803-1892).svg Prussia (Preußen)
(excluding Posen, East Prussia and West Prussia) 		Berlin
File:Flagge Königreich Sachsen (1815-1918).svg Saxony (Sachsen) Dresden
File:Flagge Königreich Württemberg.svg Württemberg Stuttgart
Electorates (Kurfürstentum)
File:Flag of Hesse.svg Hesse-Kassel (Hessen-Kassel) Kassel
Grand Duchies (Großherzogtümer)
File:Flagge Großherzogtum Baden (1891–1918).svg Baden Karlsruhe
File:Flagge Großherzogtum Hessen ohne Wappen.svg Hesse-Darmstadt (Hessen-Darmstadt) Darmstadt
File:Flag of Luxembourg.svg Luxembourg (Luxemburg) Luxembourg
File:Flagge Großherzogtümer Mecklenburg.svg Mecklenburg-Schwerin Schwerin
File:Flagge Großherzogtümer Mecklenburg.svg Mecklenburg-Strelitz Neustrelitz
File:Civil flag of Oldenburg.svg Oldenburg Oldenburg
File:Flagge Großherzogtum Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (1813-1897).svg Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach) Weimar
Duchies (Herzogtümer)
File:Flagge Herzogtum Anhalt.svg Anhalt – from 1863 Dessau
File:Flagge Herzogtum Braunschweig.svg Brunswick (Braunschweig) Braunschweig
File:Merchant Ensign of Holstein-Gottorp (Lions sinister).svg Holstein Glückstadt
File:Limburg provinciewapen oud.svg Limburg – from 1839 N/A
File:Flagge Herzogtum Nassau (1806-1866).svg Nassau Wiesbaden
File:Flagge Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha (1826-1911).svg Saxe-Altenburg (Sachsen-Altenburg) – from 1826 Altenburg
File:Flagge Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha (1911-1920).svg Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha) – from 1826 Coburg
File:Flag of Lauenburg.svg Saxe-Lauenburg Ratzeburg
File:Flagge Herzogtum Sachsen-Meiningen.svg Saxe-Meiningen (Sachsen-Meiningen) Meiningen
Principalities (Fürstentümer)
Hohenzollern-Hechingen – to Prussia in 1850 Hechingen
Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen – to Prussia in 1850 Sigmaringen
File:Flag of Liechtenstein (1852-1921).svg Liechtenstein Vaduz
File:Flag of Lippe (1815-1880).svg Lippe Detmold
File:Flagge Fürstentum Reuß jüngere Linie.svg Reuss-Gera (Junior Line) Gera
File:Flagge Fürstentum Reuß ältere Linie.svg Reuss-Greiz (Elder Line) Greiz
File:Flagge Fürstentum Schaumburg-Lippe.svg Schaumburg-Lippe Bückeburg
File:Flagge Fürstentümer Schwarzburg.svg Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt Rudolstadt
File:Flagge Fürstentümer Schwarzburg.svg Schwarzburg-Sondershausen Sondershausen
File:Flag of Germany (3-2 aspect ratio).svg Waldeck and Pyrmont (Waldeck und Pyrmont) Arolsen
Landgraviates (Landgrafschaft)
File:Hessen HG flag.svg Hesse-Homburg (Hessen-Homburg) – from 1817 Bad Homburg
Free Cities (Freie Städte)
File:Flag of Bremen.svg Bremen
File:Flag of the Free City of Frankfurt.svg Frankfurt
File:Flag of Hamburg.svg Hamburg
File:Flag of the Free City of Lübeck.svg Lübeck
States merged to form Anhalt
Anhalt-Dessau – merged with Anhalt-Bernburg in 1863 Dessau
Anhalt-Bernburg – merged with Anhalt-Dessau in 1863 Bernburg
Anhalt-Köthen – merged with Anhalt-Dessau in 1853 Köthen
States split between Saxe-Coburg-Gotha,
Saxe-Meiningen, and Saxe-Altenburg in 1826
File:VlagSGA.svg Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (Sachsen-Gotha-Altenburg) Gotha
File:Flagge Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha (1826-1911).svg Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld) Coburg
File:Flagge Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha (1826-1911).svg Saxe-Hildburghausen (Sachsen-Hildburghausen) Hildburghausen

In 1864, Austria and Prussia together became the new sovereign of Holstein (a member of the confederation) and Schleswig (outside the confederation).

States of the North German Confederation

File:NB 1866-1871.99.svg
A map of the North German Confederation.
State Capital
Kingdoms (Königreiche)
File:Flag of Prussia (1892-1918).svg Prussia (Preußen) as a whole
(including Lauenburg) 		Berlin
File:Flagge Königreich Sachsen (1815-1918).svg Saxony (Sachsen) Dresden
Grand Duchies (Großherzogtümer)
File:Flagge Großherzogtum Hessen ohne Wappen.svg Hesse (Hessen)
(Only Upper Hesse, the province north of the river Main) 		Giessen
File:Flagge Großherzogtümer Mecklenburg.svg Mecklenburg-Schwerin Schwerin
File:Flagge Großherzogtümer Mecklenburg.svg Mecklenburg-Strelitz Neustrelitz
File:Civil flag of Oldenburg.svg Oldenburg Oldenburg
File:Flagge Großherzogtum Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (1897-1920).svg Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach) Weimar
Duchies (Herzogtümer)
File:Flagge Herzogtum Anhalt.svg Anhalt Dessau
File:Flagge Herzogtum Braunschweig.svg Brunswick (Braunschweig) Braunschweig
File:Flagge Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha (1826-1911).svg Saxe-Altenburg (Sachsen-Altenburg) Altenburg
File:Flagge Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha (1911-1920).svg Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha) Coburg
File:Flagge Herzogtum Sachsen-Meiningen.svg Saxe-Meiningen (Sachsen-Meiningen) Meiningen
Principalities (Fürstentümer)
File:Flagge Fürstentum Lippe.svg Lippe Detmold
File:Flagge Fürstentum Reuß jüngere Linie.svg Reuss-Gera (Junior Line) Gera
File:Flagge Fürstentum Reuß ältere Linie.svg Reuss-Greiz (Elder Line) Greiz
File:Flagge Fürstentum Schaumburg-Lippe.svg Schaumburg-Lippe Bückeburg
File:Flagge Fürstentümer Schwarzburg.svg Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt Rudolstadt
File:Flagge Fürstentümer Schwarzburg.svg Schwarzburg-Sondershausen Sondershausen
File:Flag of Germany (3-2 aspect ratio).svg Waldeck and Pyrmont (Waldeck und Pyrmont) Arolsen
Free and Hanseatic Cities (Freie und Hansestädte)
File:Flag of Bremen.svg Bremen
File:Flag of Hamburg.svg Hamburg
File:Flag of the Free City of Lübeck.svg Lübeck

States of the German Empire

Main article: States of the German Empire
See also: List of German monarchs in 1918
A map of the German Empire.
State Capital
Kingdoms (Königreiche)
File:Flag of Prussia (1892-1918).svg Prussia (Preußen) as a whole Berlin
File:Flag of Bavaria (striped).svg Bavaria (Bayern) Munich
File:Flagge Königreich Sachsen (1815-1918).svg Saxony (Sachsen) Dresden
File:Flagge Königreich Württemberg.svg Württemberg Stuttgart
Grand Duchies (Großherzogtümer)
File:Flagge Großherzogtum Baden (1891–1918).svg Baden Karlsruhe
File:Flagge Großherzogtum Hessen ohne Wappen.svg Hesse (Hessen) Darmstadt
File:Flagge Großherzogtümer Mecklenburg.svg Mecklenburg-Schwerin Schwerin
File:Flagge Großherzogtümer Mecklenburg.svg Mecklenburg-Strelitz Neustrelitz
File:Civil flag of Oldenburg.svg Oldenburg Oldenburg
File:Flagge Großherzogtum Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (1897-1920).svg Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach) Weimar
Duchies (Herzogtümer)
File:Flagge Herzogtum Anhalt.svg Anhalt Dessau
File:Flagge Herzogtum Braunschweig.svg Brunswick (Braunschweig) Braunschweig
File:Flagge Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha (1826-1911).svg Saxe-Altenburg (Sachsen-Altenburg) Altenburg
File:Flagge Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha (1911-1920).svg Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha) Coburg
File:Flagge Herzogtum Sachsen-Meiningen.svg Saxe-Meiningen (Sachsen-Meiningen) Meiningen
Principalities (Fürstentümer)
File:Flagge Fürstentum Lippe.svg Lippe Detmold
File:Flagge Fürstentum Reuß jüngere Linie.svg Reuss-Gera (Junior Line) Gera
File:Flagge Fürstentum Reuß ältere Linie.svg Reuss-Greiz (Elder Line) Greiz
File:Flagge Fürstentum Schaumburg-Lippe.svg Schaumburg-Lippe Bückeburg
File:Flagge Fürstentümer Schwarzburg.svg Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt Rudolstadt
File:Flagge Fürstentümer Schwarzburg.svg Schwarzburg-Sondershausen Sondershausen
File:Flag of Germany (3-2 aspect ratio).svg Waldeck and Pyrmont (Waldeck und Pyrmont) Arolsen
Free and Hanseatic Cities (Freie und Hansestädte)
File:Flag of Bremen.svg Bremen
File:Flag of Hamburg.svg Hamburg
File:Flag of the Free City of Lübeck.svg Lübeck
Imperial Territories (Reichsländer)
File:Dienstflagge Elsaß-Lothringen Kaiserreich.svg Alsace–Lorraine (Elsass-Lothringen) Straßburg

States of the Weimar Republic

Main article: States of the Weimar Republic

File:Karte des Deutschen Reiches, Weimarer Republik-Drittes Reich 1919–1937.svg

State Capital
Free States (Freistaaten)
File:Flagge Herzogtum Anhalt.svg Anhalt Dessau
File:Flagge Großherzogtum Baden (1891-1918).svg Baden Karlsruhe
File:Flag of Bavaria (striped).svg Bavaria (Bayern) Munich
File:Flagge Herzogtum Braunschweig.svg Brunswick (Braunschweig) Braunschweig
File:Flagge Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha (1911-1920).svg Coburg – to Bavaria in 1920 Coburg
File:Flagge Großherzogtum Hessen ohne Wappen.svg Hesse (Hessen) Darmstadt
File:Flagge Fürstentum Lippe.svg Lippe Detmold
File:Flagge Großherzogtümer Mecklenburg.svg Mecklenburg-Schwerin Schwerin
File:Flagge Großherzogtümer Mecklenburg.svg Mecklenburg-Strelitz Neustrelitz
File:Civil flag of Oldenburg.svg Oldenburg Oldenburg
File:Flag of Prussia (1918–1933).svg Prussia (Preußen) Berlin
File:Flag of Saxony.svg Saxony (Sachsen) Dresden
File:Flagge Fürstentum Schaumburg-Lippe.svg Schaumburg-Lippe Bückeburg
File:Flag of Thuringia.svg Thuringia (Thüringen) – from 1920 Weimar
File:Flag of Germany (3-2).svg Waldeck-Pyrmont – to Prussia
(Pyrmont joined Prussia in 1921, Waldeck followed in 1929) 		Arolsen
File:Flagge Königreich Württemberg.svg Württemberg Stuttgart
Free and Hanseatic Cities (Freie und Hansestädte)
File:Flag of Bremen.svg Bremen
File:Flag of Hamburg.svg Hamburg
File:Flag of the Free City of Lübeck.svg Lübeck
States merged to form Thuringia in 1920
File:Flagge Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha (1911-1920).svg Gotha Gotha
File:Flagge Fürstentum Reuß ältere Linie.svg Reuss Gera
File:Flagge Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha (1826-1911).svg Saxe-Altenburg (Sachsen-Altenburg) Altenburg
File:Flagge Herzogtum Sachsen-Meiningen.svg Saxe-Meiningen (Sachsen-Meiningen) Meiningen
File:Flagge Großherzogtum Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (1897-1920).svg Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach) Weimar
File:Flagge Fürstentümer Schwarzburg.svg Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt Rudolstadt
File:Flagge Fürstentümer Schwarzburg.svg Schwarzburg-Sondershausen Sondershausen

See also

References

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