Eurovision Song Contest 1983

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Eurovision Song Contest 1983
File:ESC 1983 logo.png
Dates
Final23 April 1983
Host
VenueRudi-Sedlmayer-Halle
Munich, West Germany
Presenter(s)Marlene Charell
Musical directorDieter Reith
Directed byRainer Bertram
Executive supervisorFrank Naef
Executive producer
  • Christian Hayer
  • Günther Lebram
Host broadcasterArbeitsgemeinschaft der öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (ARD)
Bayerischer Rundfunk (BR)
Participants
Number of entries20
Debuting countriesNone
Returning countries
Non-returning countriesFile:Flag of Ireland.svg Ireland

  • Error: Image is invalid or non-existent.

         Competing countries     Countries that participated in the past but not in 1983
Vote
Voting systemEach country awarded 12, 10, 8-1 point(s) to their 10 favourite songs
Winning songFile:Flag of Luxembourg.svg Luxembourg
"Si la vie est cadeau"
1982 ← Eurovision Song Contest → 1984

The Eurovision Song Contest 1983 was the 28th edition of the annual Eurovision Song Contest. It was held in Munich, West Germany, following the country's victory at the 1982 contest with the song "Ein bißchen Frieden" by Nicole. Although this was Germany's first victory, 1983 was the second time Germany had hosted the contest, having previously done so in 1957. Organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and host broadcaster Bayerischer Rundfunk (BR) on behalf of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft der öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (ARD), the contest was held at the Rudi-Sedlmayer-Halle on 23 April 1983 and was hosted by German dancer Marlene Charell. Twenty countries took part this year, with France, Greece and Italy all returning this year, while Ireland decided not to participate. The winner was Luxembourg with the song "Si la vie est cadeau" by Corinne Hermes, which equalled the record of 5 victories set by France in 1977. This record would in turn be beaten by Ireland in 1994. It was also the second year in a row where the winning entry was performed last on the night and the second year in a row in which Israel won 2nd place. For the third year in a row, at least one country ended up with nul points, and in this case, it happened to be two countries, Spain and Turkey, neither of whom were able to get off the mark. The 1983 contest was the first to be televised in Australia, via Channel 0/28 (now the Special Broadcasting Service) in Sydney and Melbourne. The contest went on to become popular in Australia, leading to the country's eventual debut at the 60th anniversary contest in 2015.

Location

File:Rudi-Sedlmayer-Halle 0499.JPG
Rudi-Sedlmayer-Halle, Munich – host venue of the 1983 contest.

Munich is a German city and capital of the Bavarian state. Due to this, Munich houses the parliament and state government. Rudi-Sedlmayer-Halle was chosen to host the contest.[1] It was initially named after the president of the Bavarian State Sport Association.[1] The hall opened in 1972 to host basketball events for the 1972 Summer Olympics.[1] Due to staging and production necessities, the 5500 seats of the arena had to be reduced to 3,200 for the night of the final and until the 1985 contest, this was the largest arena to host the event.[2][1] From this number, 2000 seats were reserved for the delegations and journalists, 1200 tickets were on sale for the general public.[3] The ticket prices ranged from 20 to 50 DM.[4]

Participating countries

Further information: List of countries in the Eurovision Song Contest
Eurovision Song Contest 1983 – Participation summaries by country

Twenty countries took part in the contest, with France, Greece, and Italy returning to the competition. On the other hand, Ireland was absent this year for the first time because RTÉ workers were in strike action at the time.[5]

Participants of the Eurovision Song Contest 1983[6][7][8][9]
Country Broadcaster Artist Song Language Songwriter(s) Conductor
File:Flag of Austria.svg Austria ORF Westend "Hurricane" German
  • Heli Deinboek
  • Heinz Nessizius
  • Peter Vieweger
 Richard Oesterreicher
File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium BRT Pas de Deux "Rendez-vous" Dutch
  • Paul Peyskens
  • Walter Verdin
 Freddy Sunder
File:Flag of Cyprus (1960–2006).svg Cyprus CyBC Stavros and Constantina "I agapi akoma zi" (Η αγάπη ακόμα ζει) Greek Stavros Sideras Mihalis Rozakis
File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark DR Gry Johansen "Kloden drejer" Danish
  • Lars Christensen
  • Flemming Gernyx
  • Christian Jacobsen
 Allan Botschinsky
File:Flag of Finland.svg Finland YLE Ami Aspelund "Fantasiaa" Finnish
  • Kari Kuusamo
  • Kaisu Liuhala
 Ossi Runne
File:Flag of France.svg France Antenne 2 Guy Bonnet "Vivre" French
François Rauber
File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany BR[lower-alpha 1] Hoffmann and Hoffmann "Rücksicht" German
Dieter Reith
File:Flag of Greece.svg Greece ERT Christie "Mou les" (Μου λες) Greek
  • Sophia Fildissi
  • Antonis Plessas
 Mimis Plessas
File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel IBA Ofra Haza "Hi" (חי) Hebrew
Silvio Nanssi Brandes
File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy RAI Riccardo Fogli "Per Lucia" Italian
Maurizio Fabrizio
File:Flag of Luxembourg.svg Luxembourg CLT Corinne Hermès "Si la vie est cadeau" French
  • Alain Garcia
  • Jean-Pierre Millers
 Michel Bernholc
File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands NOS Bernadette "Sing Me a Song" Dutch
Piet Souer
File:Flag of Norway.svg Norway NRK Jahn Teigen "Do Re Mi" Norwegian
Sigurd Jansen
File:Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal RTP Armando Gama "Esta balada que te dou" Portuguese Armando Gama Mike Sergeant
File:Flag of Spain.svg Spain TVE Remedios Amaya "Quién maneja mi barca" Spanish
  • José Miguel Évoras
  • Isidro Muñoz
 José Miguel Évoras
File:Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden SVT Carola Häggkvist "Främling" Swedish
Anders Ekdahl
File:Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland SRG SSR Mariella Farré "Io così non ci sto" Italian
Robert Weber
File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey TRT Çetin Alp and the Short Wave "Opera" Turkish
Buğra Uğur
File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom BBC Sweet Dreams "I'm Never Giving Up" English
John Coleman
File:Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992).svg Yugoslavia JRT Daniel "Džuli" (Џули) Serbo-Croatian
Radovan Papović

Returning artists

Artist Country Previous year(s)
Guy Bonnet File:Flag of France.svg France 1970
Sandra Reemer (backing singer) File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands 1972 (along with Andres Holten), 1976, 1979 (as Xandra)
Jahn Teigen File:Flag of Norway.svg Norway 1978, 1982
Anita Skorgan (backing singer) 1977, 1979, 1981 (as backing singer for Finn Kalvik) 1982
Izolda Barudžija (backing singer) File:Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992).svg Yugoslavia 1982 (part of Aska)

Production

Preparations for the production of the contest started in June 1982.[3] The final was produced by Bayerischer Rundfunk, with production costs of 1.2 million DM, further 1.5 million DM for the organisation and transmission, making a total of 2.7 million DM.[1][11] With the help of donations and other contributions, Bayerischer Rundfunk was able to reduce the costs at its own expense to about 1 million DM.[12] The city of Munich had to contribute 60 000 DM to a reception for the participating delegations.[13] The contest was directed by Rainer Bertram [de].[14] Dieter Reith served as the general musical director of the 60-piece orchestra.[12] Christian Hayer and Günther Lebram served as the executive producers.[15] Other leading figures in the production included Wolf Mittler, Sylvia de Bruycker, Christof Schmid and Joachim Krausz.[16] Rehearsals started on 18 April 1983.[14]

Stage design

The stage was designed by Hans Gailling [de].[3] The set was an arc-shaped stage surrounding the orchestra section and had a size of 4 × 34 metres.[2] A 26 metres large and seven metres high steel construction with frames resembling giant electric heaters was used as the background.[1][17][3] The 33 frames were equipped with three light panels each, at which hundreds of light bulbs were suspended.[3] In total, 63 000 light bulbs, which could be controlled manually or by sound frequency, lit up and flashed in different sequences and combinations depending on the nature and rhythm of the songs.[1][3]

Format

Various receptions and events were organised in the week leading up to the final. On 19 April 1983, a cruise on Lake Starnberg with several participants was held by the German National Tourist Board as a press event for 250 journalists.[18][19][20] The Tourist Board also organised a bus tour for several participants to Linderhof Palace and Garmisch-Partenkirchen on 20 April 1983.[21][20] On 19 April 1983, a reception for the participants was held at the Antiquarium in the Munich Residenz, on behalf of Franz Josef Strauss, minister-president of the state of Bavaria.[1][22][23] Parties and receptions for the artists were also organised by the record labels Ariola, Polydor and Deutsche Grammophon.[20] Ralph Siegel, composer of the winning entry of 1982, and his own record label Jupiter Records [de], held a party for 1000 guests, including many artists, on 21 April 1983.[20][24][25] A press centre with television monitors, typewriters, telephones and paper notebooks was installed for the 600 journalists covering the event.[26][27] German Bundespost installed a post office from 18 to 23 April at the Rudi-Sedlmayr-Halle and stamped letters from there with a special Eurovision Song Contest postmark.[28]

Presentation format

Instead of pre-filmed "postcards", the production team for this edition chose not to produce the postcards for technical reasons. During the change of the stage elements, the name of the next country was shown on screen accompanied by music from the orchestra, followed by a presentation of the upcoming entry by Marlene Charell.[15] After the first rehearsals, the Austrian and British commentators complained that, since there were no postcards, they felt that there was not enough time to introduce the upcoming entry to their viewers, and subsequently threatened to withdrawn from the contest.[29] As a reaction, for the live show and latter rehearsals, the name of the upcoming country was shown on screen for a certain time so that commentators had enough time.[4] For the introduction of each entry, Charell stood in front of individual flower arrangements with flowers in the colours of the corresponding entry’s national flag.[1] The floral arrangements were provided by the International Garden Expo 83 organization, as the event was also scheduled to be held on city weeks after the contest.[3] Hostess Marlene Charell made all of her announcements in German before translating a repetition in both French and English.[16] In all three languages, Charell named the country, song title, performing artist, author, composer and conductor. The decision not to use postcards apparently left Marlene lost during the event, as she would have to use three languages to introduce each of the participants. Due to host Charell's use of three, the voting went on for nearly an hour, stretching the Eurovision contest past three hours for the second time ever, the first after 1979.[30] In addition, Charell made 13 language mistakes throughout the night,[30] some as innocuous as mixing up the words for "points" between the three languages, some as major as nearly awarding points to "Schweden" (Sweden) that were meant for "Schweiz" (Switzerland). The language problems also occurred during the contest introductions, as Charell mispronounced the Finnish singer Ami Aspelund's surname as "Aspesund" and Spanish singer Remedios Amaya's name as "Ramedios", furthermore she introduced the Norwegian conductor Sigurd Jansen as "...Johannes...Skorgan...",[31] having been forced to make up a name on the spot after forgetting the conductor's name.

Contest overview

The contest took place on 23 April 1983, beginning at 21:00 CEST (19:00 UTC).[32] At the start of the broadcast, a 7-minutes-film with views of various sights of Germany and of the host city Munich was shown.[33][34] As part of introduction,a parade of nations was called by the presenter Marlene Charell.[15] The interval act was a dance number set to a medley of German songs which had become internationally famous, including "Strangers in the Night". The host, Marlene Charell was the lead dancer accompanied by her ballet with 20 dancers from her company.[35] Director of the show Rainer Bertram [de] and Roger Kreischer, the them program director at the Luxembourgish broadcaster RTL, openly criticized the mocking tone of the local media and the public present at the venue towards the luxembourgish entry.[29] [36] It was famously seen during the broadcast that a good part of the public present at the contest site voluntarily left during the performance of Corine Hèrmes, which according to the draw was the last of the 20 participating songs. Other embarrassing reactions towards the Luxembourgish participant were recorded during the voting. Each time the name Luxembourg was announced by the jury spokespeople from each country, laughters and some joking words were heard and when high scores appeared, boos and another low slangs were ensued.[29] When Corinne Hermès performed her reprise, a great part of the audience was already leaving.[29][37] After the show, a reception for 1600 guests on behalf of the city of Munich took place in a tent of the International Garden Expo 83.[36][38]

Results of the Eurovision Song Contest 1983[39]
R/O Country Artist Song Points Place
1 File:Flag of France.svg France Guy Bonnet "Vivre" 56 8
2 File:Flag of Norway.svg Norway Jahn Teigen "Do Re Mi" 53 9
3 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Sweet Dreams "I'm Never Giving Up" 79 6
4 File:Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden Carola Häggkvist "Främling" 126 3
5 File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy Riccardo Fogli "Per Lucia" 41 11
6 File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey Çetin Alp and the Short Wave "Opera" 0 19
7 File:Flag of Spain.svg Spain Remedios Amaya "Quién maneja mi barca" 0 19
8 File:Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland Mariella Farré "Io così non ci sto" 28 15
9 File:Flag of Finland.svg Finland Ami Aspelund "Fantasiaa" 41 11
10 File:Flag of Greece.svg Greece Christie "Mou les" 32 14
11 File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands Bernadette "Sing Me a Song" 66 7
12 File:Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992).svg Yugoslavia Daniel "Džuli" 125 4
13 File:Flag of Cyprus (1960–2006).svg Cyprus Stavros and Constantina "I agapi akoma zi" 26 16
14 File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany Hoffmann and Hoffmann "Rücksicht" 94 5
15 File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark Gry Johansen "Kloden drejer" 16 17
16 File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel Ofra Haza "Hi" 136 2
17 File:Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal Armando Gama "Esta balada que te dou" 33 13
18 File:Flag of Austria.svg Austria Westend "Hurricane" 53 9
19 File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium Pas de Deux "Rendez-vous" 13 18
20 File:Flag of Luxembourg.svg Luxembourg Corinne Hermès "Si la vie est cadeau" 142 1

Spokespersons

Each country nominated a spokesperson who was responsible for announcing the votes for their respective country via telephone. Known spokespersons at the 1983 contest are listed below.

Detailed voting results

Each country had a jury consisting of 11 non-professional jurors who awarded 12, 10, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 point(s) to their top ten songs.[43]

Detailed voting results[44][45]
Total score
France
Norway
United Kingdom
Sweden
Italy
Turkey
Spain
Switzerland
Finland
Greece
Netherlands
Yugoslavia
Cyprus
Germany
Denmark
Israel
Portugal
Austria
Belgium
Luxembourg
Contestants
 France 56 3 10 10 6 7 2 3 4 4 1 3 3
Norway 53 5 3 6 8 1 8 4 6 3 7 2
United Kingdom 79 5 5 12 2 5 8 5 5 6 3 5 2 10 6
Sweden 126 6 12 8 8 7 2 5 10 10 3 1 7 12 10 8 4 8 5
Italy 41 7 2 4 3 1 2 8 1 6 7
Turkey 0
Spain 0
Switzerland 28 1 7 1 7 6 1 5
Finland 41 1 2 6 3 4 8 7 7 2 1
Greece 32 3 12 5 12
Netherlands 66 2 7 1 6 4 2 12 3 5 5 2 4 3 4 2 4
Yugoslavia 125 8 12 1 12 10 12 6 7 8 6 12 10 1 12 8
Cyprus 26 4 1 6 5 1 5 4
Germany 94 10 10 7 8 6 2 4 1 10 3 8 7 6 12
Denmark 16 2 7 1 4 2
Israel 136 8 6 10 5 3 6 7 7 3 12 10 10 7 10 12 10 10
Portugal 33 4 1 5 6 2 6 2 7
Austria 53 3 4 5 10 4 4 4 3 6 2 5 3
Belgium 13 4 8 1
Luxembourg 142 12 10 12 8 7 3 8 12 1 12 10 8 2 12 12 5 8

12 points

Below is a summary of all 12 points in the final:

N. Contestant Nation(s) giving 12 points
6 File:Flag of Luxembourg.svg Luxembourg File:Flag of France.svg France, File:Flag of Greece.svg Greece, File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel, File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy, File:Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal, File:Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992).svg Yugoslavia
5 File:Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992).svg Yugoslavia File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium, File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark, File:Flag of Finland.svg Finland, File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey, File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom
2 File:Flag of Greece.svg Greece File:Flag of Cyprus (1960–2006).svg Cyprus, File:Flag of Spain.svg Spain
File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel File:Flag of Austria.svg Austria, File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands
File:Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany, File:Flag of Norway.svg Norway
1 File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany File:Flag of Luxembourg.svg Luxembourg
File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands File:Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland
File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom File:Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden

Broadcasts

Each participating broadcaster was required to relay the contest via its networks. Non-participating EBU member broadcasters were also able to relay the contest as "passive participants". Broadcasters were able to send commentators to provide coverage of the contest in their own native language and to relay information about the artists and songs to their television viewers.[46] Host broadcaster BR provided 30 commentator boxes for this purpose.[3] The contest was reportedly broadcast in 30 countries;[47] no official accounts of the global viewing figures are known to exist, with estimates given in the press at the time ranging from 300 to 600 million viewers.[1][48][27] Known details on the broadcasts in each country, including the specific broadcasting stations and commentators are shown in the tables below.

Broadcasters and commentators in participating countries
Country Broadcaster Channel(s) Commentator(s) Ref(s)
File:Flag of Austria.svg Austria ORF FS2 Ernst Grissemann [49][50]
File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium BRT TV1 Luc Appermont [51][52]
BRT 2 [53]
RTBF Télé 2, Radio Une [54]
File:Flag of Cyprus (1960–2006).svg Cyprus CyBC RIK [55]
File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark DR DR TV Jørgen de Mylius [56]
File:Flag of Finland.svg Finland YLE TV1 Erkki Pohjanheimo [57]
Rinnakkaisohjelma [fi] Markus Similä [fi]
File:Flag of France.svg France Antenne 2 Léon Zitrone [58]
RFO RFO-Martinique [fr][lower-alpha 2] [59]
File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany ARD Deutsches Fernsehen Ado Schlier [de] [16][32][60]
BR Bayern 1 [29][32][61]
HR Frankfurt 1
NDR NDR 2 [de] [29][62]
RIAS RIAS 1 [29][61]
File:Flag of Greece.svg Greece ERT ERT1, B Programma [63][64]
File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel IBA Israeli Television, Reshet Bet [he] [65][66]
File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy RAI Rete Uno[lower-alpha 3] Paolo Frajese [it] [67]
File:Flag of Luxembourg.svg Luxembourg CLT RTL Télévision [68]
File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands NOS Nederland 1 Willem Duys [69]
File:Flag of Norway.svg Norway NRK NRK Fjernsynet Ivar Dyrhaug [no] [70]
NRK[lower-alpha 4] Erik Heyerdahl [no]
File:Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal RTP RTP1 Eládio Clímaco [71][72]
RDP Antena 1 [73]
File:Flag of Spain.svg Spain TVE TVE 1 José-Miguel Ullán [74][75]
File:Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden SVT TV1 Ulf Elfving [76]
RR [sv] SR P3 Kent Finell [77]
File:Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland SRG SSR TV DRS Theodor Haller [de] [78][79]
TSR[lower-alpha 5] Georges Hardy [fr]
TSI[lower-alpha 5] Giovanni Bertini [80][81]
File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey TRT TRT Televizyon [82]
File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom BBC BBC1 Terry Wogan [83]
BFBS BFBS Radio Richard Nankivell [7]
File:Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992).svg Yugoslavia JRT TV Beograd 1, TV Novi Sad, TV Zagreb 1 Oliver Mlakar [84][85][86]
TV Ljubljana 1 [sl] [87]
Broadcasters and commentators in non-participating countries
Country Broadcaster Channel(s) Commentator(s) Ref(s)
File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia SBS Channel 0/28[lower-alpha 6] Terry Wogan [7][88]
File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czechoslovakia ČST ČST2[lower-alpha 7] [89]
File:Flag of the Faroe Islands.svg Faroe Islands SvF[lower-alpha 8] [90]
File:Flag of Denmark.svg Greenland KNR KNR[lower-alpha 9] [91]
File:Flag of Iceland.svg Iceland RÚV Sjónvarpið [92]
File:Flag of Ireland.svg Ireland RTÉ RTÉ 1 Terry Wogan [93]
RTÉ Radio 1 Brendan Balfe [94]
File:Flag of Poland.svg Poland TP TP1[lower-alpha 10] [95]
File:Flag of Romania (1965-1989).svg Romania TVR Programul 1[lower-alpha 11] [96]
File:Flag of South Africa (1982–1994).svg South Africa SABC Radio 5 [97]

Notes

  1. ↑ On behalf of the German public broadcasting consortium ARD[10]
  2. ↑ Delayed broadcast on 8 June 1983 at 20:02 (AST)[59]
  3. ↑ Deferred broadcast at 22:00 (CEST)[67]
  4. ↑ Deferred broadcast at 22:50 (CEST)[70]
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Broadcast through a second audio programme on TV DRS[79]
  6. ↑ Deferred broadcast on 24 April at 19:30 (AEST)[88]
  7. ↑ Delayed broadcast on 20 May 1983 at 22:00 (CEST)[89]
  8. ↑ Delayed broadcast on 1 May 1983 at 20:00 (WEST)[90]
  9. ↑ Delayed broadcast on 30 April 1983 at 20:20 (WGST)[91]
  10. ↑ Delayed broadcast on 21 May 1983 at 20:15 (CEST)[95]
  11. ↑ Delayed broadcast in a shortened format on 30 April 1983 at 22:20 (EEST)[96]

References

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 Wach, Gerlinde (22 April 1983). "Arena für 500 Millionen Zuschauer". Süddeutsche Zeitung (in Deutsch). pp. 13–14. ISSN 0174-4917. OCLC 183207780.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Eckert, Christian (19 April 1983). "30 Kilometer Kabel und 99 Lichtflächen". Münchner Merkur (in Deutsch). p. 13. OCLC 643892534.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 Wolf, Oswald (21 April 1983). "Auch ohne Strom gibt's 'Saft' beim Grand Prix". tz (in Deutsch). p. 13. OCLC 225542327.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Utermöhle, Elna (25 April 1983). "Warum hielt OB Kiesl keine Begrüßungsrede?". Münchner Merkur (in Deutsch). p. 18. OCLC 643892534.
  5. ↑ "Ireland in the Eurovision Song Contest". Best Irish Facts. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 30 July 2012.
  6. ↑ "Participants of Munich 1983". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 2 April 2023. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Roxburgh, Gordon (2017). Songs For Europe - The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Volume Three: The 1980s. UK: Telos Publishing. pp. 165–180. ISBN 978-1-84583-118-9.
  8. ↑ "1983 – 28th edition". diggiloo.net. Archived from the original on 22 March 2022. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  9. ↑ "Detailed overview: conductors in 1983". And the conductor is... Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  10. ↑ "Alle deutschen ESC-Acts und ihre Titel" [All German ESC acts and their songs]. www.eurovision.de (in Deutsch). ARD. Archived from the original on 12 June 2023. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
  11. ↑ Goslich, Lorenz (23 April 1983). "Nicole wurde ein teures Mädchen für das Fernsehen" [Nicole became an expensive girl for television]. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (in Deutsch). p. 13. ISSN 0174-4909. OCLC 644830569.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "Meinung aller Teilnehmer: Ein 'Grand Prix' für Bayerns Gastfreundschaft". tz (in Deutsch). 25 April 1983. 10. OCLC 225542327.
  13. ↑ Fischer, Otto (8 October 1982). "Stadt bei Selbstdarstellung zu großzügig" [City too generous in its self-portrayal]. Süddeutsche Zeitung (in Deutsch). p. 15. ISSN 0174-4917. OCLC 183207780.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Jalowy, Stefan (19 April 1983). "Ein "Fremder" ist in München heißer Favorit". Abendzeitung (in Deutsch). p. 4. ISSN 0177-5367. OCLC 1367315706.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Eurovision Song Contest 1983 (Television production) (in Deutsch). Munich: Bayerischer Rundfunk. 23 April 1983.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 Heller, Erich (25 April 1983). "Langeweile vor dem Grill" [Boredom in front of the grill]. tz (in Deutsch). p. 11. OCLC 225542327.
  17. ↑ Seipel, Rainer-R. (19 April 1983). "Countdown zum Grand Prix: 500 000 000 sind dabei". tz (in Deutsch). p. 3. OCLC 225542327.
  18. ↑ "Sternchen im Fünfseenland". Süddeutsche Zeitung. Hauptausgabe München (in Deutsch). 21 April 1983. p. ROM (Landkreis Starnberg) VI. ISSN 0174-4917. OCLC 183207780.
  19. ↑ "Dampfer voller Schlager-Stars". tz (in Deutsch). 20 April 1983. p. 1. OCLC 225542327.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 Eckert, Christian (22 April 1983). "Alle warten auf den Samstag". Münchner Merkur (in Deutsch). p. 14. OCLC 643892534.
  21. ↑ "Corinne war auf Ludwigs Spuren". Abendzeitung (in Deutsch). 21 April 1983. p. 1. ISSN 0177-5367. OCLC 1367315706.
  22. ↑ "Strauß über den Grand Prix". Abendzeitung (in Deutsch). 20 April 1983. p. 27. ISSN 0177-5367. OCLC 1367315706.
  23. ↑ Graeter, Michael (21 April 1983). "'New Wave' im ehrwürdigen Antiquarium". Abendzeitung (in Deutsch). p. 27. ISSN 0177-5367. OCLC 1367315706.
  24. ↑ Graeter, Michael (23 April 1983). "Siegel lud – und alle Tonangeber kamen". Abendzeitung (in Deutsch). p. 18. ISSN 0177-5367. OCLC 1367315706.
  25. ↑ "Rauschendes 'Erntedankfest' bei Ralph Siegel". tz (in Deutsch). 23 April 1983. p. 18. OCLC 225542327.
  26. ↑ "Hinter den Kulissen". tz (in Deutsch). 25 April 1983. p. 10. OCLC 225542327.
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 Zur, Franziska (23 April 1983). "600 Millionen wollen Marlene sehen". Bild+Funk [de] (in Deutsch). No. 16/1983. pp. 17–19. OCLC 643528928.
  28. ↑ "Münchner Notizbuch". Süddeutsche Zeitung (in Deutsch). 16 April 1983. p. 20. ISSN 0174-4917. OCLC 183207780.
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.3 29.4 29.5 29.6 Veszelits, Thomas (25 April 1983). "Festival der Langeweile" [Festival of boredom]. Abendzeitung (in Deutsch). pp. 3–4. ISSN 0177-5367. OCLC 1367315706.
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 "Eurovision 1983 facts". Archived from the original on 14 July 2008. Retrieved 19 July 2008.
  31. ↑ Boom-Bang-a-Bang: Eurovision's Funniest Moments, BBC-TV, hosted by Terry Wogan
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 "Fernsehen und Hörfunk" [Television and radio]. Süddeutsche Zeitung (in Deutsch). 23 April 1983. p. 13. ISSN 0174-4917. OCLC 183207780.
  33. ↑ Veszelits, Thomas; Loy, Leo (23 April 1983). "Ein bißchen Hoffnung auf viel 'Rücksicht'". Abendzeitung (in Deutsch). p. 4. ISSN 0177-5367. OCLC 1367315706.
  34. ↑ "Eurovision Song Contest 1983". Münchner Merkur (in Deutsch). 23 April 1983. p. 14. OCLC 643892534.
  35. ↑ Heller, Erich (22 April 1983). "Grand Prix: Marlene Charell tanzt mit". tz (in Deutsch). p. 6. OCLC 225542327.
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 Wach, Gerlinde (25 April 1983). "Der Sängerkrieg in der Basketballhalle". Süddeutsche Zeitung. Hauptausgabe München (in Deutsch). p. 13. ISSN 0174-4917. OCLC 183207780.
  37. ↑ Utermöhle, Elna (25 April 1983). "Peinliches Ende des Schlager-Festivals: Das Publikum lief vor dem Siegerlied davon". Münchner Merkur (in Deutsch). p. 17. OCLC 643892534.
  38. ↑ "Oberbürgermeister Erich Kiesl lud nach dem Liederwettbewerb…". Münchner Merkur (in Deutsch). 25 April 1983. p. 17. OCLC 643892534.
  39. ↑ "Final of Munich 1983". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 15 April 2021.
  40. ↑ "Vendsyssel Tidende - Hjørring - 23/03 1983". Archived from the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved 10 December 2022.(subscription required)
  41. ↑ "Remedios Amaya actúa en séptimo lugar en el Festival de Eurovisión". El País (in español). 22 April 1983. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  42. ↑ Thorsson, Leif; Verhage, Martin (2006). Melodifestivalen genom tiderna : de svenska uttagningarna och internationella finalerna (in svenska). Stockholm: Premium Publishing. pp. 166–167. ISBN 91-89136-29-2.
  43. ↑ Jalowy, Stefan (21 April 1983). "Ramersdorferin gehört zur 'Grand Prix'-Jury". Abendzeitung (in Deutsch). p. 26. ISSN 0177-5367. OCLC 1367315706.
  44. ↑ "Results of the Final of Munich 1983". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 15 April 2021.
  45. ↑ "Eurovision Song Contest 1983 – Scoreboard". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 20 October 2021.
  46. ↑ "The Rules of the Contest". European Broadcasting Union. 31 October 2018. Archived from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  47. ↑ "Une gagnante inattendue" [An unexpected winner]. Journal du Jura (in Deutsch). Biel, Switzerland. 25 April 1983. p. 24. Retrieved 1 December 2024 – via E-newspaperarchives.ch.
  48. ↑ Utermöhle, Elna (19 April 1983). "Der erste Ärger...". Münchner Merkur (in Deutsch). p. 13. OCLC 643892534.
  49. ↑ "Radio – Televizija" [Radio – Television]. Slovenski vestnik (in slovenščina). Klagenfurt (Celovec), Austria. 22 April 1983. p. 7. Retrieved 8 June 2024.
  50. ↑ Halbhuber, Axel (22 May 2015). "Ein virtueller Disput der ESC-Kommentatoren" [A virtual dispute between Eurovision commentators]. Kurier (in Deutsch). Archived from the original on 23 May 2015. Retrieved 5 January 2023.
  51. ↑ "D'er effe uit krant – Zaterdag 24 april" [A quick look from the newspaper – Saturday 24 April]. De Voorpost (in Nederlands). Aalst, Belgium. 22 April 1983. p. 12. Archived from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  52. ↑ "TV-Weekend – televisie zaterdag" [TV-Weekend – Television Saturday]. Limburgs Dagblad (in Nederlands). Rotterdam, Netherlands. 23 April 1983. p. 8. Retrieved 13 January 2023 – via Delpher.
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  54. ↑ "télévision | radio". Le Drapeau rouge [fr] (in français). Brussels, Belgium. 23–24 April 1983. pp. 10–11. Retrieved 28 November 2024 – via BelgicaPress [nl].
  55. ↑ Ioannidi, Christiana (23 April 1983). ""Γιουροβίζιον" απόψε στις 10 μ.μ." ['Eurovision' tonight at 10pm]. I Simerini (in Ελληνικά). Nicosia, Cyprus. p. 4. Retrieved 4 March 2024 – via Press and Information Office [el].
  56. ↑ "Alle tiders programoversigter – Lørdag den 23. april 1983" [All-time programme overviews – Saturday 23 April 1983] (in dansk). DR. Archived from the original on 1 May 2024. Retrieved 30 April 2024.
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  62. ↑ "Das bringt der Hörfunk – Sonnabend" [This is what the radio brings – Saturday]. Der Nordschleswiger (in Deutsch). Aabenraa, Denmark. 23 April 1983. p. 29. Retrieved 9 September 2024.
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  72. ↑ Firmino, Tiago (7 April 2018). "O número do dia. Quantos festivais comentou Eládio Clímaco na televisão portuguesa?" [The number of the day. How many festivals did Eládio Clímaco comment on Portuguese television?] (in português). N-TV. Archived from the original on 4 November 2022. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
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  97. ↑ "Sangfees oor Radio 5" [Song festival on Radio 5]. Die Transvaler (in Afrikaans). Johannesburg, South Africa. 23 April 1983. p. 2. Retrieved 6 July 2024 – via East View Global Press Archive.

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