Ibero-American Summit

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The Ibero-American Summit, formally the Ibero-American Conference of Heads of State and Governments (Spanish: Cumbres Iberoamericanas de Jefes de Estado y de Gobierno, Portuguese: Cimeiras (or Cúpulas) Ibero-Americanas de Chefes de Estado e de Governo), is a yearly meeting of the heads of government and state of the Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking nations of Europe and the Americas, as members of the Organization of Ibero-American States. The permanent secretariat in preparation of the summits is the Ibero-American General Secretariat (SEGIB).

Member states

The first summit, held in 1991 in Guadalajara, Mexico, was attended by the governments of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Portugal, Spain, Uruguay and Venezuela. Andorra joined in 2004.[1][2][3] Equatorial Guinea and the Philippines entered in 2009 as "associate members". Puerto Rico has participated sometimes as an associate member, but as it is not a sovereign country it is not allowed to completely join the summits. Belize and East Timor have expressed their interest in joining the summits, although they have not been allowed to join for the moment. All these countries were either Spanish or Portuguese colonies (Belize and the Philippines were Spanish before belonged to the United Kingdom and the United States, while East Timor was Portuguese before belonged to Indonesia, respectively). Other former Spanish and Portuguese colonies may join the summits in the future. Following a proposal made by the Colombian President Gustavo Petro,[4] Sahrawi diplomat Mohamed Azrouk said that Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic will submit a request to join the Ibero-American Summit as an observer member.[5]

Expansion

File:Ibero-American Summit 2022.png
Countries in the Ibero-American Summit as of 2022:
File:Cumbre Iberoamericana 2007.jpg
Ibero-American Summit, November 2007, Santiago, Chile.
File:Cumbre Iberoamericana 2008.jpg
Ibero-American Summit, 2008 San Salvador, El Salvador.
File:Cumbre Iberoamericana Mar del Plata 2010.jpg
Mar del Plata Summit, December 2010
File:Presidenta de la República asistió a la inauguración de la XXIV Cumbre Iberoamerican (15368470204).jpg
Ibero-American Summit, 2014 Veracruz, Mexico.

Summits

Summit City Country Dates[6]
1st Guadalajara File:Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico July 18–July 19, 1991
2nd Madrid File:Flag of Spain.svg Spain July 23–July 24, 1992
3rd Salvador File:Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil July 15–July 16, 1993
4th Cartagena File:Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia June 14–June 15, 1994
5th San Carlos de Bariloche File:Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina October 16–October 17, 1995
6th Santiago and Viña del Mar File:Flag of Chile.svg Chile November 13–November 14, 1996
7th Isla Margarita File:Flag of Venezuela.svg Venezuela November 8–November 9, 1997
8th Porto File:Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal October 17–October 18, 1998
9th Havana File:Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba November 15–November 16, 1999
10th Panama City File:Flag of Panama.svg Panama November 17–November 18, 2000
11th Lima File:Flag of Peru.svg Peru November 17–November 18, 2001
12th Bávaro File:Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg Dominican Republic November 15–November 16, 2002
13th Santa Cruz de la Sierra File:Flag of Bolivia.svg Bolivia November 14–November 15, 2003
14th San José File:Flag of Costa Rica.svg Costa Rica November 18–November 20, 2004
15th Salamanca File:Flag of Spain.svg Spain October 14–October 15, 2005
16th Montevideo File:Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay November 3–November 5, 2006
17th Santiago File:Flag of Chile.svg Chile November 8–November 10, 2007
18th San Salvador File:Flag of El Salvador.svg El Salvador October 29–October 31, 2008
19th Estoril File:Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal November 30–December 1, 2009
20th Mar del Plata File:Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina December 3–December 4, 2010
21st Asunción File:Flag of Paraguay.svg Paraguay October 28–October 29, 2011
22nd Cádiz File:Flag of Spain.svg Spain November 16–November 18, 2012
23rd Panama City File:Flag of Panama.svg Panama October 16–October 18, 2013
24th Veracruz File:Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico December 8–December 9, 2014
25th Cartagena de Indias File:Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia October 28-October 29, 2016
26th Antigua File:Flag of Guatemala.svg Guatemala November 15-November 16, 2018
27th Andorra la Vella File:Flag of Andorra.svg Andorra April 21, 2021
28th Santo Domingo File:Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg Dominican Republic March 24–March 25, 2023

See also

References

  1. ↑ Países Archived 2007-11-12 at the Wayback Machine, Cumbres Iberoamericanas de Jefes de Estado y de Gobierno. Accessed on line October 22, 2007.
  2. ↑ International Relations Archived 2007-11-18 at the Wayback Machine, Andorran Chamber of Commerce. Accessed on line October 22, 2007.
  3. ↑ I Cumbre Iberoamericana de Jefes de Estado y Presidentes de Gobierno, Cumbres y Conferencias Iberoamericanas, Organización de Estados Iberoamericanos para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura. Accessed on line October 22, 2007.
  4. ↑ "Colombian president asks Spain to invite Western Sahara to Ibero-American summit". www.spsrasd.info. March 26, 2023. Archived from the original on March 26, 2023. Retrieved March 26, 2023.
  5. ↑ "SADR will ask, officially, to be observer member of Ibero-American Summit". www.spsrasd.info. April 1, 2023. Archived from the original on April 2, 2023. Retrieved April 1, 2023.
  6. ↑ Cumbres Iberoamericanas de Jefes de Estado y de Gobierno, Organización de Estados Iberoamericanos para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura. Accessed on line October 22, 2007.

Bibliography

  • (1992) Primera Cumbre Iberoamericana, Guadalajara, México, 1991: Discursos, Declaración de Guadalajara y documentos. Mexico: Fondo de Cultura Económica. ISBN 968-16-3735-6

External links

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