Immigration to Somalia

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Immigration in Somalia is regulated by the Somali Immigration Department of the Federal Government of Somalia.

Regulation

Due to the long absence of governmental regulation, it is uncertain how many foreigners travel to Somalia per year.[1] However, visas and residence permits are now mandatory for all foreign nationals. As of April 2014, the re-established Somali Immigration Department requires all undocumented foreigners to register at its offices in the capital Mogadishu.[2] As part of IOM Somalia's Capacity Building for Migration Management (CBMM) projects, a Migration Information and Data Analysis System (MIDAS) was installed in 2014. The new immigration and border management infrastructure strengthens security by screening travelers at 11 main ports of entry in the country. It in the process registers their biometric data and passport details, and generates statistics for policymakers.[3] In April 2015, the Federal Cabinet also passed a new policy prioritizing the local workforce and restricting the reliance on foreign labour.[4]

Demographics

File:Somyem2.jpg
Somali expatriates returning from Yemen in Bosaso (2015).

As of 2012, most emigrants to Somalia consist of Somali expatriates, who have returned to Mogadishu and other urban areas for investment opportunities and to take part in the ongoing post-conflict reconstruction process.[5] Through both private efforts and public initiatives like the Somali Diaspora Corps, they have participated in the renovation of schools, hospitals, banks and other infrastructure, and have played a leading role in the capital's recovery.[5][6] They have also helped to propel the local real estate market.[7] In 2015, after the Saudi-led military intervention in Yemen, many returning Somali expatriates as well as various foreign nationals began emigrating from Yemen to northern Somalia.[8] The UN expects the number of foreign nationals to eventually reach 100,000 over the following months.[9] As of September 2014, the Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation is scheduled to launch the first population census for Somalia in over two decades. The UNFPA assisted the Ministry in the project, which is slated to be finalized ahead of the planned plebiscite and local and national elections in 2016.[10]

Tourism

Main article: Tourism in Somalia

Tourism in Somalia is overseen by the Federal Government of Somalia's Ministry of Tourism. The autonomous Puntland and Somaliland regions maintain their own tourist offices.[11] The industry was traditionally noted for its numerous historical sites, beaches, waterfalls, mountain ranges and national parks.[12] After the start of the civil war in the early 1990s, the Tourism Ministry shut down operations. It was later re-established in the 2000s, and once again oversees the national tourist industry. The Mogadishu-based Somali Tourism Association (SOMTA) also provides on-the-ground consulting services.[13]

Citizenship

Main article: Somali nationality law

In December 2013, the Federal Government officially launched Somalia's new e-passport. Part of a broader initiative to strengthen security, the passport will be issued by the Ministry of Interior's Department of Immigration. Next, citizens are eligible for the e-passport upon production of government-issued national identity documents and birth certificates.[14] According to Article 54 of the national constitution, the allocation of powers and resources between the Federal Government and the Federal Republic of Somalia's constituent Federal Member States shall be negotiated and agreed upon by the Federal Government and the Federal Member States, except in matters pertaining to citizenship and immigration, foreign affairs, national defense, and monetary policy.[15]

Sources of immigration

Most of the migrants to Somalia are from Ethiopia, Yemen and African Union forces within the framework of the African Union Peacekeeping Mission

Total immigrant population by country of origin, 2019
Immigrant
Rank Country of Origin Population Portion of immigrants in Somalia Portion of Somalian population Notes
0 File:Flag of Somalia.svg Somalia 15,387,869 N/A 99.66%
N/A File:Flag of India.svg India N/A N/A N/A
19 File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China ≥ 1 0% 0%
N/A File:Flag of the Philippines.svg Philippines N/A N/A N/A
18 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom ≥ 2 0% 0%
9 File:Flag of the United States.svg United States ≈ 700 1.34% 0%
7 File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy ≤ 1,000 1.92% 0.01%
N/A File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan N/A N/A N/A
19 File:Flag of Iran.svg Iran ≥ 1 0% 0%
N/A File:Flag of France.svg France N/A N/A N/A
N/A File:Flag of Lebanon.svg Lebanon N/A N/A N/A
N/A File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia N/A N/A N/A
N/A File:Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco N/A N/A N/A
19 File:Flag of Iraq.svg Iraq ≥ 1 0% 0%
N/A File:Flag of Algeria.svg Algeria N/A N/A N/A
15 File:Flag of Egypt.svg Egypt ≥ 94 0.18% 0%
N/A File:Flag of the Republic of China.svg Taiwan N/A N/A N/A
N/A File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg Bangladesh N/A N/A N/A
10 File:Flag of Syria.svg Syria 262 to 1312 0.5% 0% Refugees of the Syrian civil war
N/A File:Flag of the Taliban.svg Afghanistan N/A N/A N/A
N/A File:Flag of South Africa.svg South Africa N/A N/A N/A
12 File:Flag of Nigeria.svg Nigeria ≥ 200 0.38% 0%
1 File:Flag of Ethiopia.svg Ethiopia 19,348 37.11% 0.13% title=Somalia Somalia - International immigration]
5 File:Flag of Kenya.svg Kenya ≥ 3,594 6.89% 0.02%
11 File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey ≥ 202 0.39% 0%
N/A File:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg Congo, Democratic Republic of the N/A N/A N/A
16 File:Flag of Ghana.svg Ghana ≥ 56 0.11% 0%
19 File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg United Arab Emirates ≥ 1 0% 0%
12 File:Flag of Tanzania.svg Tanzania ≥ 200 0.38% 0%
N/A File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia N/A N/A N/A
19 File:Flag of Cameroon.svg Cameroon ≥ 1 0% 0%
N/A File:Flag of Tunisia.svg Tunisia N/A N/A N/A
17 File:Flag of Eritrea.svg Eritrea 40 0.08% 0% [16]
N/A File:Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia N/A N/A N/A
N/A File:Flag of Jordan.svg Jordan N/A N/A N/A
6 File:Flag of Uganda.svg Uganda ≥ 3,523 6.76% 0.02%
19 File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark ≥ 1 0% 0%
19 File:Flag of Sudan.svg Sudan ≥ 1 0% 0%
N/A File:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg Zimbabwe N/A N/A N/A
4 File:Flag of Burundi.svg Burundi ≥ 5,338 10.24% 0.03%
N/A File:Flag of Palestine.svg Palestine, West Bank and Gaza Strip N/A N/A N/A
19 File:Flag of Senegal.svg Senegal ≥ 1 0% 0%
19 File:Flag of Libya.svg Libya ≥ 1 0% 0%
N/A File:Flag of South Sudan.svg South Sudan N/A N/A N/A
N/A File:Flag of Guinea.svg Guinea N/A N/A N/A
19 File:Flag of Zambia.svg Zambia ≥ 1 0% 0%
19 File:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg Zimbabwe ≥ 1 0% 0%
N/A File:Flag of Madagascar.svg Madagascar N/A N/A N/A
14 File:Flag of Sierra Leone.svg Sierra Leone ≥ 159 0.31% 0%
3 File:Flag of Yemen.svg Yemen 7,051 13.53% 0.05% [17]
19 File:Flag of Qatar.svg Qatar ≥ 1 0% 0%
8 File:Flag of Djibouti.svg Djibouti 952 1.83% 0.01%
19 File:Flag of Mali.svg Mali ≥ 1 0% 0%
N/A File:Flag of Chad.svg Chad N/A N/A N/A
N/A File:Flag of the Central African Republic.svg Central African Republic N/A N/A N/A
2 Other or Unknown 9,383 18.38% 0.06% By subtracting the confirmed number from the total number of immigrants
N/A File:Flag of Niger.svg Niger N/A N/A N/A
N/A File:Flag of Malawi.svg Malawi N/A N/A N/A
19 File:Flag of The Gambia.svg Gambia ≥ 1 0% 0%
N/A File:Flag of the Comoros.svg Comoros N/A N/A N/A
19 File:Flag of Angola.svg Angola ≥ 1 0% 0%
N/A Total immigrants 52,131 100% 0.34%

See also

References

  1. ↑ "International tourism, number of arrivals". World Bank. Retrieved 19 July 2013.
  2. ↑ "Somali immigration authority calls for registration of foreigners". Sabahi. 11 April 2013. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
  3. ↑ "Somalia Builds Migration Management Capacity". Goobjoog. 30 November 2014. Retrieved 30 November 2014.
  4. ↑ "Somalia passes new policy to restrict employment of 'foreign workers'". Horseed Media. 24 April 2015. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Mulupi, Dinfin (21 June 2012). "Mogadishu: East Africa's newest business destination?". How We Made It in Africa. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
  6. ↑ "Somali Diaspora Corps". SSG. Archived from the original on 10 March 2014. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
  7. ↑ Mark T. Jones, Executive Director, Horn of Africa Business Association. "Opportunity Somalia". BN Magazine. Archived from the original on 10 March 2014. Retrieved 24 April 2014. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. ↑ "Refugees from Yemen Landed In Berabera Town". Goobjoog. 31 March 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
  9. ↑ "Yemen Houthis Say 30 Dead, Hundreds Hurt in Saudi Airstrike". Bloomberg. 20 April 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
  10. ↑ "SOMALIA: Gov't to launch population census ahead of 2016 elections". RBC Radio. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
  11. ↑ "New tourism ministry under construction in Garowe". Sabahi. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
  12. ↑ Coastal and Marine Environmental Problems of Somalia, Volume 1. UNEP. 1987. p. 127.
  13. ↑ "Somali Tourism Association (SOMTA)". Somali Tourism Association. Archived from the original on 23 January 2019. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
  14. ↑ "New epassport will help secure somalias borders". Midnimo. 23 December 2013. Archived from the original on 23 April 2019. Retrieved 25 December 2013.
  15. ↑ "The Federal Republic of Somalia - Provisional Constitution" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on January 24, 2013. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
  16. ↑ "Somalia - International immigration". Somalia - International immigration. 2019. Retrieved 2021-09-16.
  17. ↑ "Somalia - International immigration". Somalia - International immigration. 2019. Retrieved 2021-09-16.
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