What Is History? (Q1766046)
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work by Edward Carr
| Language | Label | Description | Also known as |
|---|---|---|---|
| English | What Is History? |
work by Edward Carr |
Statements
Q47461344 (Deleted Item)
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What Is History? (English)
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1961
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Q30277550 (Deleted Item)
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What is History?, is that it is a continuous process of interaction between the historian and his facts, an unending dialogue between the present and the past.
I: The Historian and His Facts / The historian starts ... What is History?, is that it is a continuous process of interaction between the historian and his facts, an unending dialogue between the present and the past. (English)
Victorian age of faith and optimism
Victorian age of innocent self-confidence and automatic belief
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Victorian age of innocent self-confidence and automatic belief
Preface to the Second Edition / When in 1960 ... The Victorian age of innocent self-confidence and automatic belief in progress lay far behind. (English)
Victorian age of faith and optimism
Preface to the Second Edition / What is, however, more important ... I must be one of the very few intellectuals still writing who grew up, not in the high noon, but in the afterglow of the great Victorian age of faith and optimism, and it is difficult for me even today to think in terms of a world in permanent and irretrievable decline. (English)
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And yet – it moves
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VI: The Widening Horizon / It is, however, ... For myself I remain an optimist; ... and shall answer in the well-worn words of a great scientist: ‘And yet – it moves.’ (English)
great scientist
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VI: The Widening Horizon / It is, however, ... For myself I remain an optimist; ... and shall answer in the well-worn words of a great scientist: ‘And yet – it moves.’ (English)
Q50675 (Deleted Item)
What is History?, is that it is a continuous process of interaction between the historian and his facts, an unending dialogue between the present and the past.
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I: The Historian and His Facts / The historian starts ... What is History?, is that it is a continuous process of interaction between the historian and his facts, an unending dialogue between the present and the past. (English)
I: The Historian and His Facts / The historian starts ... What is History?, is that it is a continuous process of interaction between the historian and his facts, an unending dialogue between the present and the past. (English)
訳者解説 / p.351 / 「歴史とは、歴史家とその事実のあいだの相互作用の絶えまないプロセスであり、現在と過去のあいだの終わりのない対話なのです。」 (日本語)
978-4-00-025674-2
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The past is intelligible to us only in the light of the present; and we can fully understand the present only in the light of the past.
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II Society and the Individual / History, then, ... The past is intelligible to us only in the light of the present; and we can fully understand the present only in the light of the past. (English)
II Society and the Individual / History, then, ... The past is intelligible to us only in the light of the present; and we can fully understand the present only in the light of the past. (English)
訳者解説 / p.351 / 「過去は現在の光に照らされて初めて知覚できるようになり、現在は過去の光に照らされて初めて十分に理解できるようになるのです。」 (日本語)
978-4-00-025674-2
23702325
Q11638748 (Deleted Item)
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Catherine Morland on History (Northanger Abbey, ch. xiv)
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(epigraph) / 'I often think it odd that it should be so dull, for a great deal of it must be invention.' / Catherine Morland on History (Northanger Abbey, ch. xiv) (English)
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Catherine Morland on History (Northanger Abbey, ch. xiv)
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(epigraph) / 'I often think it odd that it should be so dull, for a great deal of it must be invention.' / Catherine Morland on History (Northanger Abbey, ch. xiv) (English)
Q470600 (Deleted Item)
The ideas of a society are the ideas of its ruling class
the purveyors of the ideas of the ruling social group which they serve
1 reference
The ideas of a society are the ideas of its ruling class
the purveyors of the ideas of the ruling social group which they serve
Preface to the Second Edition / My conclusion ... Of this movement the main standard-bearers are the intellectuals, the purveyors of the ideas of the ruling social group which they serve (‘The ideas of a society are the ideas of its ruling class’). (English)
main driving force of human action.
isolated the propensity 'to truck, barter and exchange' as the main driving force of human action.
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From E. H. Carr’s Files: Notes Towards a Second Edition of What is History? / In Carr’s view ... A. Smith, who wrote a Theory of Moral Sentiments, in the Wealth of Nations isolated the propensity ‘to truck, barter and exchange’ as the main driving force of human action. (English)
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main driving force of human action.
isolated the propensity 'to truck, barter and exchange' as the main driving force of human action.
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From E. H. Carr’s Files: Notes Towards a Second Edition of What is History? / In Carr’s view ... A. Smith, who wrote a Theory of Moral Sentiments, in the Wealth of Nations isolated the propensity ‘to truck, barter and exchange’ as the main driving force of human action. (English)
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I was outraged by French intransigence and by our unfairness to the Germans, whom we cheated over the 'Fourteen Points' and subjected to every petty humiliation ...
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E. H. Carr -- A Critical Appraisal / An Autobiography (E.H. Carr) / p.xvi / A few weeks later ... I was outraged by French intransigence and by our unfairness to the Germans, whom we cheated over the 'Fourteen Points' and subjected to every petty humiliation ... (English)
great thinkers who had new and deep insights, and fundamentally altered for succeeding generations the way in which we look at the world
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E. H. Carr -- A Critical Appraisal / An Autobiography (E.H. Carr) / p.xxi / I believe that Marx, Darwin and Freud were very great thinkers who had new and deep insights, and fundamentally altered for succeeding generations the way in which we look at the world. But this does not mean that every word written by them must be taken as gospel, or that they anticipated everything that has either been discovered or thought in their respective fields. (English)
great thinkers who had new and deep insights, and fundamentally altered for succeeding generations the way in which we look at the world
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see: Karl Marx
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great thinkers who had new and deep insights, and fundamentally altered for succeeding generations the way in which we look at the world
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see: Karl Marx
Q1395219 (Deleted Item)
scepticism
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I: The Historian and His Facts / ... George Clark ... Cambridge Modern History ... / The exploration seems to be endless, and some impatient scholars take refuge in scepticism, or at least in the doctrine that, since all historical judgments involve persons and points of view, one is as good as another and there is no 'objective' historical truth. (English)
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beat generation
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Acton speaks out of the positive belief, the clear-eyed self-confidence, of the later Victorian age, Sir George Clark echoes the bewilderment and distracted scepticism of the beat generation. (English)
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Whig interpretation of history
ホウィグ史観
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I: The Historian and His Facts / In the first place, ... what is nowadays called the Whig interpretation of history; (English)
978-4-00-025674-2
p.31 / *23: 補注g。 / p.343 / g ホウィグ史観 / 狭義では (三一、一四八、三〇〇項)、名誉革命以来の憲政、すなわち 立憲君主制 のもんとの 議会政治 の発達を是とし、一九世紀の 選挙法改正 にその完成を見る 進歩史観。 ... 今日まで学校で一般に教えられてきた イギリス憲政史 はこれである。さらに広く (六二項)、現在の問題に照らして過去に切り込む歴史研究、「一方の目を現在において過去を研究する」姿勢を、問題意識先行型 として批判するさいにも、この語が用いられる。 (日本語)
ホウィグ史観
Q9358 (Deleted Item)
Nietzsche
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I: The Historian and His Facts / But a still ... Nietzsche had already enunciated the principle: 'The falseness of an opinion is not for us any objection to it ... The question is how far it is life-furthering, life-preserving, species-preserving, perhaps species-creating.' (26) / (26) Beyond Good and Evil, ch. i. (English)
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Beyond Good and Evil
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I: The Historian and His Facts / But a still ... Nietzsche had already enunciated the principle: 'The falseness of an opinion is not for us any objection to it ... The question is how far it is life-furthering, life-preserving, species-preserving, perhaps species-creating.' (26) / (26) Beyond Good and Evil, ch. i. (English)
Chapter I / 4. The falseness of an opinion is not for us any objection to it: it is here, perhaps, that our new language sounds most strangely. The question is, how far an opinion is life-furthering, life- preserving, species-preserving, perhaps species-rearing, and we are fundamentally inclined to maintain that the falsest opinions ... (English)
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Between Scylla and Charybdis
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I: The Historian and His Facts / Our examination ... in an apparently precarious situation, navigating delicately between the Scylla of an untenable theory of history as an objective compilation of facts, ...and the Charybdis of an equally untenable theory of history as the subjective product of the mind of the historian ... (English)
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I: The Historian and His Facts / The nineteenth-century fetishism of facts was completed and justified by a fetishism of documents. ... Let me illustrate ... When Gustav Stresemann, ... died ... he left behind him an enormous mass -- 300 boxes full -- of papers, official, semi-official and private, nearly all relating to the six years of his tenure of office as Foreign Minister. (English)
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M. Manilii Astronomicon: Liber Primus
accuracy is a duty and not a virtue
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I: The Historian and His Facts / What is ... ... I am reminded of Housman's remark that 'accuracy is a duty, not a virtue'. (5) To praise a historian for his accuracy is like praising an architect for using well-seasoned timber or properly mixed concrete in his building. / 5. M. Manilii Astronomicon: Liber Primus (2nd edn, 1937), p. 87. (English)
How small of all that human hearts endure That part that kings or laws can cause or cure.
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In contrast Samuel Johnson declared: How small of all that human hearts endure That part that kings or laws can cause or cure. But Johnson's was a mere 'rearguard action', writes Carr, 'against the belief that kings and laws do cause and cure evils'. (English)
978-4-00-025674-2
p.282 / これとは対照的に、 サミュエル・ジョンソン はこう断言した。 人の心が耐えるすべてのことのうち、 国王や法律が産み、また治せる部位はなんと小さいものか。しかし、カーによれば ジョンソン の言は「国王も法律も、悪を産み、悪を治せるという信念の行軍にたいする、後衛戦にすぎない (*9)」のであった。*9 「悪」と訳した evil は 前近代に結核性の瘰癧という病気をさし、世襲の王が患者に触ると「ロイヤル・タッチ」の奇蹟により治ると信じられた。ジョンソン自身も幼少時に アン女王 の「王の奇蹟」を経験した。 (日本語)
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How small of all that human hearts endure That part that kings or laws can cause or cure.
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Kant, Critique of Pure Reason
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From E. H. Carr's Files: Notes Towards a Second Edition of What is History? / 'Not until we have for a long time unsystematically collected observations to serve as building materials, following the guidance of an idea concealed in our minds, and indeed only after we have spent much time in the technical disposition of these materials, do we first become capable of viewing the idea in a clearer light, and of outlining it architectonically as a whole.' Kant, Critique of Pure Reason (1781), p. 835. (English)
Tocqueville
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From E. H. Carr's Files: Notes Towards a Second Edition of What is History? / Against those ... And Tocqueville in 1852 gave classic expression to the notion that the actions of individual politicians are determined by forces outside themselves:Among all civilized peoples the political sciences create, or at least give shape to, general ideas; and from these general ideas are formed the problems in the midst of which politicians must struggle, and also the laws which they imagine they create. The political sciences form a sort of intellectual atmosphere breathed by both governors and governed in society, and both unwittingly derive from it the principles of their action. (English)
DISCOURS prononcé en 1852 à la Séance publique annuelle de l’Académie des Sciences morales et politiques (français)
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Annales
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From E. H. Carr's Files: Notes Towards a Second Edition of What is History? / In What ... In his notes for the new edition, he declared more strongly: 'Social history is the bedrock. To study the bedrock alone is not enough; and becomes tedious; perhaps this is what has happened to Annales. But you can't dispense with it.' (English)
978-4-00-025674-2
p.291 / *14 この一節は 一九七四年五月二二日、政治思想家 クェンティン・スキナ 宛 私信に見える。カーは正直に アナール派 のことも、イギリス 社会史家 キース・トーマス 仕事もよく知らないと白状し、本分の引用ヶ所の直前にこういう。「スターリン 、 トロツキー 、 ブハーリン のあいだの闘争についてよく分かるように書こうとするなら、ロシア農民社会の構造をある程度理解することが不可欠です。」カーの 社会史理解 は、むしろ H・U・ヴェーラー 、 J・コッカ たち ビーレフェルト学派 の「社会構造史」 に近いかもしれない。一九六六年 にカーが再婚した ベティ・ベーレンス はフランス 一八世紀 を研究し、 アナール派 にも通じていた。 (日本語)
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Gerontion
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From E. H. Carr's Files: Notes Towards a Second Edition of What is History? / On Carr's ... In 'Gerontion', written in 1920, Eliot complained thathistory 'deceives with whispering ambitions, Guides us by vanities'. (English)
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Lefèbvre
Lefebvre
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From E. H. Carr's Files: Notes Towards a Second Edition of What is History? / Since the ... Richard Cobb wrote of Lefebvre that 'he was a very naive man, who believed in human progress.' (English)
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Professor Talcott Parsons
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I: The Historian and His Facts / What is ... Professor Talcott Parsons once called science 'a selective system of cognitive orientations to reality'. (6)6. T. Parsons and E. Shils, Towards a General Theory of Action (3rd edn, 1954), p. 167. (English)
IV: Causation in History / History therefore ... To borrow Talcott Parsons's phrase once more, history is 'a selective system' not only of cognitive, but of causal, orientations to reality. (English)
https://archives.history.ac.uk/makinghistory/
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Morley's essay On Compromise
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II: Society and the Individual / It would ... Morley's essay On Compromise, a characteristic document of Victorian liberalism, called individualism and utilitarianism 'the religion of human happiness and well-being'. (English)
Morley's essay On Compromise
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greatest British historian to emerge on the academic scene since the First World War
ネイミア史学
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II: Society and the Individual / It would ... Let us now consider the imposing and significant achievement of one whom most of us would regard as the greatest British historian to emerge on the academic scene since the First World War: Sir Lewis Namier. (en-au)
978-4-00-025674-2
p.344 / h ネイミア史学 (五五 - 五九、二〇七、二五八項) ... 初期の主著『ジョージ三世 即位時の政治構造』 (1929)、『アメリカ革命期のイングランド』 (1930) は、1760-70年代のイングランドの政治構造の安定性を、庶民院 議員 群像の 婚戚・学歴・コネ・カネ から明らかにし、思想信条も政党政治も否認した。史学界に君臨していた トレヴェリアン は、「[ネイミアは] 良い研究者かもしれないが、良い歴史家ではない」と評した。しかし、戦後のアカデミズムはやがて彼の業績を認め、英国学士院会員に選出、 ...そのインパクトは大きく、当事刊行中の オクスフォード = イングランド通史 (基本は ホウィグ史観による叙述) の、とりわけ 一八世紀 史の価値は減じた。冷戦中のソ連権力の分析 (Kremlinology) にも応用された。やがて二〇世紀第4四半期には一七世紀史の「修正」が世界を一新することになるが、その先駆のような位置にある。二〇世紀のイングランド政治史は、 ネイミア史学 への対応を軸に展開したと言って過言ではない。この以後、学校で教えられる通史と、研究者の 分析的歴史学 の隔絶は広がった。 (日本語)
ネイミア史学
the educator himself has to be educated
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II: Society and the Individual / I do ... Do not forget that, as Marx once said, the educator himself has to be educated; in modern jargon, the brain of the brain-washer has itself been washed. (English)
Bad King John theory of history
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II: Society and the Individual / Let us ... What I will call the Bad King John theory of history -- the view that what matters in history is the character and behaviour of individuals -- has a long pedigree. (English)
Q107303796 (Deleted Item)
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II: Society and the Individual / Or, as ... The reasons which deter Jones from getting married do not interest the historian unless the same reasons also deter thousands of other individuals of Jones's generation, and bring about a substantial fall in a marriage-rate: in that event, they may well be historically significant. (English)
Mandeville's 'private vices -- public benefits'
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II: Society and the Individual / My second ... Mandeville's 'private vices -- public benefits' was an early and deliberately paradoxical expression of this discovery. (English)
Lyell
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III: History, Science and Morality / At the ... But the real importance of the Darwinian revolution was that Darwin, completing what Lyell had already begun in geology, brought history into science. (English)
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Buckle ... History of Civilization
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III: History, Science and Morality / Let us ... Buckle in the concluding words of his History of Civilization expressed the conviction that the course of human affairs was 'permeated by one glorious principle of universal and undeviating regularity'. (English)
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W. F. Weisskopf
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From E. H. Carr's Files: Notes Towards a Second Edition of What is History? / (3) [Marked by Carr in a lecture by W. F. Weisskopf] 'We comprehend the formation of such [mountain] ranges by tectonic activities of the earth's crust, but we cannot explain why Mt Blanc has the specific shape that we see today, nor can we predict which side of Mt St Helens will cave in at the next eruption ...'The occurrence of unpredictable events does not mean that the laws of nature are violated.' (English)
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Senator McCarthy
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III: History, Science and Morality / And if anyone cavils at the statement that it is not our business to pass moral judgment on Hitler or Stalin -- or, if you like, on Senator McCarthy ... (English)
Ivan Karamazov
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III: History, Science and Morality / Ivan Karamazov's famous gesture of defiance is a heroic fallacy. We are born into society, we are born into history. No moment occurs when we are offered a ticket of admission with the option to accept or reject it. (English)
Mannheim's quasi-Marxist Ideology and Utopia
存在被拘束性
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E. H. Carr -- A Critical Appraisal / An Autobiography (E.H. Carr) / p.xviii / From now on, however, I recognized Marx as the key figure in the revolt against bourgeois capitalist SOCiety, and began to read much more widely. A book which influenced me was Mannheim's quasi-Marxist /Ideology and Utopia/, which showed how the opinions of political an economic groups reflected this status and their interests. (English)
978-4-00-025674-2
p.325 / これが明らかにしているのは、政治的・経済的グループの意見は その立場と利害関係を反映している [存在被拘束性] という点である。 (日本語)
存在被拘束性