Jaishankar Bhojak
Jaishankar Bhojak 'Sundari' | |
|---|---|
| File:Mama Warerkar-CG Kolhatkar-Jaishankar Sundari-1957.jpg Jaishankar Sundari (right) in conversation with Mama Warerkar (left) and C. G. Kolhatkar (centre) at the presentation of Sangeet Natak Akademi Awards in New Delhi on 31 March 1957 | |
| Born | Jaishankar Bhudhardas Bhojak 30 January 1889 Undhai near Visnagar, Gujarat |
| Died | 22 January 1975 (aged 85) |
| Other names | Jaishankar Sundari |
| Occupation(s) | Theatre actor and director |
| Years active | 1897 – 1932 (acting), 1948 – 1964 (direction) |
| Known for | Saubhagya Sundari (1901) |
Jaishankar Bhudhardas Bhojak, (30 January 1889 – 22 January 1975) better known by his theatre name Jaishankar Sundari , was an Indian actor and director of Gujarati theatre. Starting at the young age, he rose to fame for his roles of female impersonator in early Gujarati plays. He retired from acting in 1932 but returned to theatre direction and teaching in 1948. He directed and acted in several successful plays. He was awarded the Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak in 1951 and the Padma Vibhushan in 1971.
Early life
He was born in the family of Bhojak,[1][2] in Undhai near Visnagar on 30 January 1889 to Bhudhardas and Krishna. However, his family members were traditionally involved in performing arts and singing. He studied up to second standard. He was trained in performing arts and singing by his grandfather, Tribhuvandas who himself was trained by Ustad Fakhruddin. He was also trained in music by Pandit Vadilal Nayak.[3][4] His father conducted rituals and performed in Jain temples.[5]
Career
He was active in Ahmedabad from 1948 to 1964 as the director and teacher in theatre. He joined Gujarat Vidhya Sabha in 1948 in Ahmedabad to perform in Ramanbhai Neelkanth's Raino Parvat in 1950 on the occasion of its centenary. Later he organised a performing troupe and theatre school, Natmandal with Rasiklal Parikh and Ganesh Mavlankar. He revived Bhavai, the traditional performing art form, by directing Mithyabhiman (False Vanity, 1955), a satirical play by Dalpatram. They produced several plays like Mena Gurjari (Mena of Gujarat) in 1953 which he synthesized Bhavai and Beijing Opera. He trained several actors including Jaswant Thaker, Dina Pathak, Pransukh Nayak and Kailash Pandya.[3][4] He died on 22 January 1975 at Visnagar, Gujarat.[3][4]
Recognition
He received the Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak in 1951; which is considered the highest literary award in Gujarati literature. In 1957, the President of India Rajendra Prasad presented him with the highest Indian recognition given to practicing artists - the President's award, now called the Sangeet Natak Akademi award for drama direction.[6] In 1963, he was elected chairman for the Department of Arts at Gujarati Sahitya Parishad. He was felicitated by Gujarat Rajya Sangeet Nrutya Akademi in 1967. He was awarded Padma Bhushan, the third highest civilian award, by the Government of India in 1971.[3][4]
Legacy
His autobiography Thoda Aansu, Thoda Ful in Gujarati was in part written and in part dictated to his son Dinkar Bhojak and Somabhai Patel over a period of four years. It was first published posthumously in 1976. It was adopted as part of the syllabus at the Master of Arts course level at the Gujarat University.[7] It was reprinted in 1989 in an expanded version in the birth centenary year. In 2002, the first edition was translated into Hindi as Kuchh Aansu, Kuchh Phool by Dinesh Khanna and published by the National School of Drama.[8] In 2011, it was translated in English as Some Blossoms, Some Tears.[9][10][11] Jaishankar Sundari Natyagruh - a drama theatre - was named after him in Ahmedabad, Gujarat.[12] The Bhavai Government Museum in Vadnagar, North Gujarat has an exhibition and description of his works.[13] His oil painted portrait was unveiled by the Kala Mandal of Morbi and adorns the halls of the Kala Mandir in Saurashtra.[14] A play Sundari : An Actor Prepares based on his autobiography was produced in 1998.[10]
References
- ↑ Risley, Herbert; Crooke, William (1999). The People of India By Herbert Risley, William Crooke. Asian Educational Services. p. 457. ISBN 9788120612655. Retrieved 27 August 2014.
- ↑ Enthoven, Reginald Edward (1990). The Tribes and Castes of Bombay, Volume 1 By Reginald E. Enthoven. Asian Educational Services. pp. 219–220. ISBN 9788120606302. Retrieved 27 August 2014.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 "Jaishankar 'Sundari'". Gujarati Sahitya Parishad (in ગુજરાતી). Retrieved 20 July 2014.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Lal, Ananda (2004). The Oxford Companion to Indian Theatre. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780195644463.001.0001. ISBN 9780195644463 – via Oxford Reference.
- ↑ Stages of Life, Indian Theatre Autobiographies, Kathryn Hansen, 2013, p. 171]
- ↑ "Sangeet Natak Akademi award". Sangeet Natak Akademi. Archived from the original on 31 March 2016. Retrieved 20 July 2014.
- ↑ Bhojak Jayashankar 'Sundari', Bhojak Dinkar (2005). Thoda Aansu, Thoda Ful (3rd ed.). Asait Sahitya Sabha.
- ↑ Khanna, Dinesh (2002). Kuchh Aansu, Kuchh Phool: An autobiography of Jaishankar 'Sundari' (1st ed.). New Delhi: Rashtriya Natya Vidhyala.
- ↑ Kapoor, Anuradha (6 November 2011). "Translation as cultural mediation". The Hindu. Retrieved 20 July 2014.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Ray, Bharati (2009). Women of India: Colonial and Post-colonial Periods/Part 3 of History of science, philosophy, and culture in Indian civilization: Colonial period. SAGE Publications India. pp. 492, 500. ISBN 9788132102649.
- ↑ Hansen, Kathryn (2011). Stages of Life: Indian Theatre Autobiographies. Anthem Press. pp. 170–245. ISBN 9780857286604.
- ↑ "Auditoriums in Gujarat, India". www.narthaki.com. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
- ↑ Attractions. "Bhavai Government Museum". Gujarat Tourism. Archived from the original on 26 July 2018. Retrieved 1 December 2014.
- ↑ Panchotia, B. B. (1987). Jayashankar Sundari and Abhinayakala (1st ed.). Bombay: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.
Further reading
- Autobiography
- Bhojak Jaishankar, Bhojak Dinkar (1976). Thoda Aansu, Thoda Phool (in ગુજરાતી). Ahmedabad: Shivji Asher, Vora & Co.
- Other
- Panchotia, B. B. Jayashankar Sundari and Abhinaykala. Bhavans Book University.
External links
- CS1 ગુજરાતી-language sources (gu)
- Indian male stage actors
- Indian theatre directors
- Indian male dramatists and playwrights
- Indian male musical theatre actors
- Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award
- Gujarati theatre
- Hindi theatre
- 1889 births
- 1975 deaths
- People from Mehsana district
- Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in arts
- Gujarati people
- 20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights
- Recipients of the Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak
- Male actors from Gujarat
- 20th-century Indian male actors
- Dramatists and playwrights from Gujarat
- 20th-century Indian male writers
- 20th-century Indian singers
- 20th-century Indian male singers
- Female impersonators