List of monarchs of Persia

King of Kings of Iran
Imperial
File:Lion and Sun Emblem of Persia.svg Lion and Sun Emblem of Imperial Persia/Iran
File:Shah fullsize.jpg Last to reign Mohammad Reza Pahlavi 16 September 1941 – 11 February 1979
Details
Style	Shah Shahanshah
First monarch	Deioces 700–678 BC (first known ruler) Cyrus the Great 559–530 BC (Emperor of the first unified Persian Empire)
Last monarch	Mohammad Reza Pahlavi 1941–1979 (as Shah of Iran)
Formation	671 BC
Abolition	11 February 1979
Residence	Apadana Tachara Palace of Darius Palace of Ardashir Taq Kasra Ālī Qāpū Palace Hasht Behesht Golestan Palace Sa'dabad Palace Niavaran Palace
Appointer	Hereditary
Pretender(s)	Reza Pahlavi

This article lists the monarchs of Iran (Persia) from the establishment of the Medes around 678 BC until the deposition of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1979.

Median Dynasty (700–550 BC)

File:Median (greatest extent).svg

The Median Kingdom at its greatest extent

Main article: Median dynasty

No.	Portrait	Name	Family relations	Reign	Notes
Median Kingdom (678 BC–549 BC)
1	File:The story of the greatest nations; a comprehensive history, extending from the earliest times to the present, founded on the most modern authorities, and including chronological summaries and (14780857854).jpg	Deioces		700–678 BC	First known ruler of Media
2	File:Behistun Relief Phraortes.jpg	Phraortes	Son of Deioces	678–625 BC	Overthrew Assyrian rule in Media
Scythian rule (624–597 BC)
3	File:Qyzqapan tomb relief 2.jpg	Cyaxares	Son of Phraortes	624–585 BC	The dynasty of the Median kings was known as the Cyaxarid dynasty, named after him or a pre-Deicoes king.
4	File:King Astyages submitting to Cyrus.jpg	Astyages	Son of Cyaxares	585–549 BC	Last king of the Medes

Teispid Kingdom (c.705–559 BC)

Main articles: Teispids and Anshan (Persia)

Portrait	Name	Family relations	Reign	Notes
Teispid dynasty (c.705–559 BC)
	Achaemenes		c.8th century/ 688–675 BC	First ruler of the Achaemenid kingdom
	Teispes	Son of Achaemenes	–c.640 BC
File:Cyrus I on horseback, seal.png	Cyrus I	Son of Teispes	–c.580 BC
	Cambyses I	Son of Cyrus I and father of Cyrus II	– c.560 BC

Achaemenid Empire (559–334/327 BC)

File:Achaemenid (greatest extent).svg

The Achaemenid Empire at its greatest extent

Main articles: Achaemenid Empire and Achaemenid dynasty

Portrait	Titles	Regnal name	Personal name	Birth	Family relations	Reign	Death	Notes
Achaemenid dynasty (559–334/327 BC)
File:Cyrus Great.jpg	The Great King, King of Kings, King of Anshan, King of Media, King of Babylon, King of Sumer and Akkad, King of the Four Corners of the World	Cyrus the Great	–	600 BC	Son of Cambyses I king of Anshan and Mandana daughter of Astyages	559–530 BC	530 BC	King of Anshan from 559 BC.
File:Cambyses II of Persia.jpg	The Great King, King of Kings, Pharaoh of Egypt^	Cambyses II	–	?	Son of Cyrus the Great	530–522 BC	522 BC	Died while en route to put down a rebellion. Pharaonic titulary: Horus: Smatawy, Nswbty: Mesutire
File:Gaumata portrait on the Behistun inscription.jpg	The Great King, King of Kings, Pharaoh of Egypt	Bardiya	Bardiya (?)	?	Son of Cyrus the Great (possibly an imposter claiming to be Bardiya)	522 BC	522 BC	Killed by Persian aristocrats
File:Darius I (The Great).jpg	The Great King, King of Kings, Pharaoh of Egypt	Darius the Great	–	550 BC	Son of Hystaspes	522–486 BC	486 BC	Pharaonic titulary: Horus: Menkhib Nswbty: Stutre
File:National Museum of Iran Darafsh (784).JPG	The Great King, King of Kings, Pharaoh of Egypt	Xerxes the Great	–	519 BC	Son of Darius I	485–465 BC	465 BC	Typically assumed to be the King Ahaseurus of the Book of Esther based on name
File:Relief of Artaxerxes I, from his tomb in Naqsh-e Rustam.jpg	The Great King, King of Kings, Pharaoh of Egypt	Artaxerxes I	Arses	?	Son of Xerxes I	465–424 BC	424 BC
File:Coin of Achaemenid Empire (Xerxes II to Artaxerxes II) (Cropped).jpg	The Great King, King of Kings, Pharaoh of Egypt	Xerxes II	Artaxerxes	?	Son of Artaxerxes I	424 BC	424 BC	Only recognised in Persia itself, killed by Sogdianus
File:Daric coin of the Achaemenid Empire (Xerxes II to Artaxerxes II) (Cropped).jpg	The Great King, King of Kings, Pharaoh of Egypt	Darius II	Sogdianus	?	Son of Artaxerxes I	424–423 BC	423 BC	Only recognised in Persia and Elam, killed by Darius II
File:Darius II (reduced shadow).jpg	The Great King, King of Kings, Pharaoh of Egypt	Darius II	Ochus	?	Son of Artaxerxes I	424–404 BC	404 BC
File:Artaxerxes II relief portrait detail.jpg	The Great King, King of Kings	Artaxerxes II	Arsaces	?	Son of Darius II	404–358 BC	358 BC	The King Ahasuerus of the Book of Esther according to traditional sources
File:Rock relief of Artaxerxes III in Persepolis.jpg	The Great King, King of Kings, Pharaoh of Egypt	Artaxerxes III	Ochus	?	Son of Artaxerxes II	358–338 BC	338 BC	Killed
File:Artaxerxes IV Arses.jpg	The Great King, King of Kings, Pharaoh of Egypt	Artaxerxes IV	Arses	?	Son of Artaxerxes III	338–336 BC	336 BC	Killed
File:Darius III mosaic.jpg	The Great King, King of Kings, Pharaoh of Egypt	Darius III	Artashata	380 BC	Son of Arsames son of Ostanes son of Darius II	336–330 BC	330 BC	Killed by Artaxerxes V
File:The punishment of Bessus by Andre Castaigne (1898-1899).jpg	The Great King, King of Kings	Artaxerxes V	Bessus	?	Probably a descendant of Darius II	330–329 BC	329 BC	Killed by Alexander III

Note: Ancient Persia is generally agreed to have ended with the collapse of the Achaemenid dynasty as a result of the Wars of Alexander the Great.

Seleucid Empire (311–129 BC)

File:Seleucid Empire (greatest extent).svg

The Seleucid Empire at its greatest extent

Main articles: Seleucid Empire and Seleucid dynasty

Portrait	Title	Regnal name	Personal name	Birth	Family relations	Reign	Death	Notes
Seleucid dynasty (311–129 BC)
File:Seleuco I Nicatore.JPG	King	Seleucus I Nicator	–	c. 358 BC	Son of Antiochus son of Seleucus	311–281 BC	281 BC	Assumed title of "King" from 306 BC.
File:AntiochusI.jpg	King	Antiochus I Soter	–	?	Son of Seleucus I	281–261 BC	261 BC	Co-ruler from 291
File:AntiochusIIMET.jpg	King	Antiochus II Theos	–	286 BC	Son of Antiochus I	261–246 BC	246 BC
File:SeleucusII.jpg	King	Seleucus II Callinicus	–	?	Son of Antiochus II	246–225 BC	225 BC
File:SeleucusIII.jpg	King	Seleucus III Ceraunus	Alexander	c. 243 BC	Son of Seleucus II	225–223 BC	223 BC
File:Antiochos III.jpg	Great King	Antiochus III the Great	–	c. 241 BC	Son of Seleucus II	223–187 BC	187 BC
File:Seleukos IV tetradrachm obverse.jpg	King	Seleucus IV Philopator	–	?	Son of Antiochus III	187–175 BC	175 BC
File:Antiokhos IV.jpg	King	Antiochus IV Epiphanes	Mithridates	c. 215 BC	Son of Antiochus III	175–163 BC	163 BC	Killed in Elymais
File:Antiochus v.jpg	King	Antiochus V Eupator	–	c. 172 BC	Son of Antiochus IV	163–161 BC	161 BC
File:DemetriosISoter.JPG	King	Demetrius I Soter	–	185 BC	Son of Seleucus IV	161–150 BC	150 BC
File:AlexanderI.jpg	King	Alexander Balas	–	?	Purported son of Antiochus IV	150–146 BC	146 BC
File:DemetriusII.jpg	King	Demetrius II Nicator	–	?	Son of Demetrius I	146–139 BC	139 BC	Defeated and captured by Parthians. He married Rhodogune daughter of Mithridates I.
File:Antiochos VI.jpg	King	Antiochus VI Dionysus	–	148 BC	Son of Alexander III.	145–142 BC	138 BC	In competition with Demetrius II.
File:Antiochus VII coin (Mary Harrsch).jpg	King	Antiochus VII Sidetes	–	?	Son of Demetrius I	139–129 BC	129 BC	Killed in battle with Phraates II

Fratarakas (?-140BC)

Main article: Frataraka

The Fratarakas appear to have been Governors of the Seleucid Empire.

Name		Date	Coinage	Family Relations	Notes
1	Bagadates/ Baydād (bgdt)	3rd century BC	File:Baydad.jpg	Fratarakā dynasty – son of Baykard	Governor of the Seleucid Empire. Coin legend bgdt prtrk' zy 'lhy' ("Baydād, fratarakā of the gods") in Aramaic.
2	Ardakhshir I (rtḥštry)	Mid-3rd century BC	File:Coin of Ardashir I (also spelled Artaxerxes I) of Persis, Istakhr mint.jpg	Fratarakā dynasty	Governor of the Seleucid Empire
3	Vahbarz (whwbrz – called Oborzos in Polyenus 7.40)	Mid-3rd century BC	File:PERSIS. Vahbarz (Oborzos), governor, c. mid 3rd century BC.jpg	Fratarakā dynasty	Governor of the Seleucid Empire
	Vadfradad II	c. 140 BC	File:Coin of Vadfradad (Autophradates) II of Persis, Istakhr mint.jpg	Fratarakā dynasty	Governor of the Seleucid Empire. Transition period. Eagle emblem on top of stylized kyrbasia. Aramaic coin legend wtprdt [p]rtrk' zy 'ly' ("Vādfradād, frataraka of the gods").
6	'Unknown king I' (Syknlt?)	2nd half of 2nd century BC	File:KINGS of PERSIS. Uncertain king I. 2nd century BC.jpg	?	Transition period. No inscription on coinage.

Kings of Persis (140 BC-224 AD)

Main article: Kings of Persis

Name		Date	Coinage	Family Relations	Notes
7	Darayan I	2nd century BC (end)	File:KINGS of PERSIS. Dārēv (Darios) I. 2nd century BC.jpg	?	Darev I and his successors were sub-kings of the Parthian Empire. Crescent emblem on top of stylized kyrbasia. Aramaic coin legend d’ryw mlk (𐡃‬𐡀𐡓𐡉‬𐡅‬ 𐡌𐡋‬𐡊‬, "King Darius").
8	Wadfradad III	1st century BC (1st half)	File:KINGS of PERSIS. Autophradates (Vadfradad) III. Early 1st century BC.jpg	?	Sub-king of the Parthian Empire. Coin legend wtprdt mlk (𐡅‬𐡕‬𐡐‬𐡓‬𐡃‬𐡕 𐡌‬𐡋𐡊‬, "King Vadfradad") in Aramaic script.
9	Darev II	1st century BC	File:Drachma Darius II.jpg	son of Vadfradad III	Sub-king of the Parthian Empire. Aramaic coin legend d’ryw mlk brh wtprdt mlk' ("King Darius, son of King Vadfradad").
10	Ardakhshir II	1st century BC (2nd half)	File:KINGS of PERSIS. Ardaxšir (Artaxerxes) II. 1st century BC.jpg	son of Darev II	Sub-king of the Parthian Empire. Killed by his brother Vahshir I
11	Vahšīr/ Vahshir I (Oxathres)	1st century BC (2nd half)	File:KINGS of PERSIS. Vahšīr (Oxathres). 1st century BC – 1st century AD.jpg	son of Darev II	Sub-king of the Parthian Empire
12	Pakor I	1st century AD (1st half)	File:KINGS of PERSIS. Pakōr (Pakor) I. 1st century AD.jpg	son of Vahshir I	Sub-king of the Parthian Empire
13	Pakor II	1st century AD (1st half)	File:KINGS of PERSIS. Pakōr (Pakor) II. 1st century AD.jpg	?	Sub-king of the Parthian Empire
14	Nambed	1st century AD (mid)	File:KINGS of PERSIS. Nambed (Namopat). 1st century AD.jpg	son of Ardashir II	Sub-king of the Parthian Empire
15	Napad	1st century AD (2nd half)	File:KINGS of PERSIS. Napād (Kapat). 1st century AD.jpg	son of Nambed	Sub-king of the Parthian Empire
16	'Unknown king II'	1st century AD (end)	File:KINGS of PERSIS. Uncertain king II. 1st century BC – 1st century AD.jpg	?	Sub-king of the Parthian Empire
17	Vadfradad IV	2nd century AD (1st half)	File:KINGS of PERSIS. Vādfradād (Autophradates) IV. 1st century BC.jpg	?	Sub-king of the Parthian Empire
18	Manchihr I	2nd century AD (1st half)	File:KINGS of PERSIS. Manuchtir (Manchihr) I. Early-mid 2nd century AD.jpg	?	Sub-king of the Parthian Empire
19	Ardashir III	2nd century AD (1st half)	File:KINGS of PERSIS. Ardaxšir (Artaxerxes) III. 1st-2nd century AD.jpg	son of Manchihr I	Sub-king of the Parthian Empire
20	Manchihr II	2nd century AD (mid)	File:KINGS of PERSIS. Manuchtir (Manchihr) II. Mid 2nd century AD.jpg	son of Ardashir III	Sub-king of the Parthian Empire
21	'Unknown king III'/ tentatively Pakor III	2nd century AD (2nd half)	File:KINGS of PERSIS. Uncertain king III. 2nd century AD.jpg	?	Sub-king of the Parthian Empire
22	Manchihr III	2nd century AD (2nd half)	File:KINGS of PERSIS. Manuchtir (Manchihr) III. Mid-late 2nd century AD.jpg	son of Manchihr II	Sub-king of the Parthian Empire
23	Ardashir IV	2nd century AD (end)	File:KINGS of PERSIS. Ardaxšir (Artaxerxes) IV. Late 2nd – early 3rd century AD.jpg	son of Manchihr III	Sub-king of the Parthian Empire
24	Vahshir II (Oxathres)	c. 206–210 AD	File:KINGS of PERSIS. Oxathres (Vahsir) II. Late 1st century BC.jpg	?	Sub-king of the Parthian Empire. The last of Bazarangids.
25	Shapur	3rd century AD (beg.)	File:KINGS of PERSIS. Shapur. Circa 200-212 AD.jpg	Brother of the first Sasanian, Ardashir I	Sub-king of the Parthian Empire
26	Ardashir V (Sasanian dynasty Ardashir I)	3rd century AD (beg.)	File:SASANIAN KINGS. Ardashir I. As King of Persis, AD 205-6-223-4.jpg	First Sasanian ruler, under the name of Ardashir I	Sub-king of the Parthian Empire

Parthian Empire (247 BC – AD 228)

Main article: Parthian Empire

File:Parthian Empire (greatest extent).svg

The Parthian Empire at its greatest extent

The Seleucid dynasty gradually lost control of Persia. In 253, the Arsacid dynasty established itself in Parthia. The Parthians gradually expanded their control, until by the mid-2nd century BC, the Seleucids had completely lost control of Persia. Control of eastern territories was permanently lost by Antiochus VII in 129 BC. For more comprehensive lists of kings, queens, sub-kings and sub-queens of this Era see:

• List of Parthian monarchs
• List of rulers of Parthian sub-kingdoms

Portrait	Title	Regnal name	Personal name	Birth	Family relations	Reign	Death	Notes
Arsacid dynasty (247 BC – 228 AD)
File:Coin of Arsaces I (1), Nisa mint (cropped).jpg	King, Karen, Autocrator	Arsaces I	Tiridates I or Arsaces	?	Son of Phriapites descendant of Arsaces son of Phriapatius who was probably son of Artaxerxes II	247–211 BC	211 BC
File:Arsaces II coin crop.png	?	Arsaces II	Artabanus I or Arsaces	?	Son of Arsaces I	211–185 BC	185 BC
File:Priapatius coin.png	?	Arsaces III	Phriapatius	?	Grandson of Tiridates I	185–170 BC	170 BC
File:Phraates I coin.png	?	Arsaces IV	Phraates I	?	Son of Phriapatius	170–167 BC	167 BC
File:Coin of Mithradates I of Parthia, Seleucia mint.jpg	The Great King, Theos, Theopator, Philhellene	Arsaces V	Mithridates I	?	Son of Phriapatius	167 −132 BC	132 BC
File:Coin of Phraates II (cropped), Seleucia mint.jpg	The Great King, Philopator, Theopator, Nikephoros	Arsaces VI	Phraates II	?	Son of Mithridates I	132–127 BC	127 BC	Killed in battle with Scythians
File:Artabanus (II) coin transparent.png	King	Arsaces VII	Artabanus II	?	Son of Phriapatius	127–126 BC	126 BC	Killed in battle with Tocharians
	The Great King, Theopator, Philadelphos, Philhellene, Epiphanes	Arsaces VIII	Vologases(?)	?	Son of Phriapatius	126–122 BC	122 BC	He was the first Arsacid king of Media, Arran and Iberia
File:Mithridates II young crop transparent.png	The Great King, King of kings, Epiphanes, Philhellene	Arsaces IX	Artabanus(?)	?	Son of Artabanus II	122–121 BC	121 BC	Killed in battle with Medians
File:Coin of Mithradates II of Parthia (cropped, part 2), Ecbatana mint.jpg	The Great King, The Great King of Kings, Epiphanes, Soter	Arsaces X	Mithridates II	?	Son of Artabanus II	121–91 BC	91 BC
File:Coin of Gotarzes I (2, cropped), Ectbatana mint.jpg	The Great King, Epiphanes, Philhellene, Euergetes, Autocrator	Arsaces XI	Gotarzes I	?	Son of Mithridates II	91–87 BC	87 BC
	The Great King, Theopator, Nicator	Arsaces XII	Artabanus(?)	?	Probably son of Arsaces VIII Vologases(?)	91–77? BC	77? BC
File:Coin of Mithridates III of Parthia (cropped), Ray mint.jpg	The Great King, The Great King of Kings, Dikaios, Euergetes, Philhellene, Autocrator, Philopator, Epiphanes	Arsaces XIII	Mithridates	?	Probably son of Mithridates II	88–67 BC	67 BC
File:Tetradrachm of the Parthian monarch Orodes I, Seleucia mint.jpg	The Great King, Euergetes, Epiphanes, Philhellene	Arsaces XIV	Orodes I	?	Probably son of Mithridates II	80–75 BC	75 BC
File:Coin of Sinatruces, Ray mint.jpg	The Great King, Theopator, Euergetes, Epiphanes, Philhellene	Arsaces XV	Sinatruces	157 BC	Probably son of Arsaces VIII Vologases(?)	77–70 BC	70 BC
File:Impero dei parti, monete in argento, Arsace XVI (Orodes III), 80-60 ac ca.jpg	The Great King, Theopator, Euergetes, Epiphanes, Philhellene, Eusebes	Arsaces XVI	Arsaces(?) or Vardanes(?) or Vonones(?)	?	?	77–66 BC	66 BC	The most obscure major monarch of the first millennium BC. Nothing about him is currently known.
File:Drachm of Phraates III, Ecbatana mint.jpg	The Great King, Theos, Euergetes, Epiphanes, Philhellene	Arsaces XVII	Phraates III	?	Son of Sanatruces	70–57 BC	57 BC	Killed by Orodes II
	The Great King, Philopator, Euergetes, Epiphanes, Philhellene	Arsaces XVIII	?	?	probably son of Arsaces XVI	66–63 BC	63 BC	The second most obscure monarch of the first millennium BC, nothing about him is known.
File:Coin of Mithridates IV (cropped).jpg	The Great King, The Great King of Kings, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Theos, Eupator, Theopator, Philhellene	Arsaces XIX	Mithridates III	?	Son of Phraates III	65 −54 BC	54 BC	Killed by Orodes II
File:Coin of Orodes II, Mithradatkert (Nisa) mint.jpg	King of Kings, Philopator, Eupator, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene, Ktistes	Arsaces XX	Orodes II	?	Son of Phraates III	57–38 BC	38 BC	Killed by Phraates IV
File:Pacorus I coin.png	King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	Arsaces XXI	Pacorus I	?	Son of Orodes II	50–38 BC	38 BC	Killed in battle with Romans
File:Drachm of Phraates IV, Mithradatkirt mint.jpg	King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	Arsaces XXII	Phraates IV	?	Son of Orodes II	38–2 BC	2 BC	Killed by Musa
File:Tiridates II coin.png	King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene, Autocrator, Philoromaeos	Arsaces XXIII	Tiridates II	?	Probably a descendant of Arsaces XIII Mithridates	30–25 BC	after 23 BC	Deposed and went to Rome
	?	Arsaces XXIV	Mithridates	?	Probably a descendant of Arsaces XIII Mithridates	12–9 BC	?
File:Parthian Queen Bust.jpg	Queen of Queens, Thea, Urania	Musa	Musa	?	Queen of Phraates IV	2 BC – 4 AD	4? AD
File:Coin of Phraatakes (Phraates V), Seleucia mint (cropped).jpg	King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	Arsaces XXV	Phraates V	?	Son of Phraates IV & Musa	2 BC – 4 AD	4 AD	Deposed and went to Rome
File:Orodes III coin.png	King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	Arsaces XXVI	Orodes III	?	Probably a descendant of Arsaces XIII Mithridates	4–6	6	Killed by Parthian aristocrats
File:Tetradrachm of Vonones I, Seleucia mint.jpg	The Great King, King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene, Nikephorus	Arsaces XXVII	Vonones I	?	Son of Phraates IV	8–12	19	Deposed and went to Rome. Later, he was killed by Romans.
File:Coin of Artabanus III of Parthia (cropped), Seleucia mint.jpg	King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	Arsaces XXVIII	Artabanus III	?	Probably a descendant of Arsaces XIII Mithridates	10–40	40
	?	Arsaces XXIX	Tiridates III	?	Probably a descendant of Tiridates II	35–36	?	Deposed and went to Rome
	?	Arsaces XXX	Cinnamus	?	Son of Artabanus III	37	?	Abdicated
File:Tetradrachm of Gotarzes II, minted in 49.jpg	King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	Arsaces XXXI	Gotarzes II	11	Son of Artabanus III	40–51	51
File:Coin of Vardanes I (cropped, 2), Seleucia mint.jpg	King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	Arsaces XXXII	Vardanes I	?	Son of Artabanus III	40–46	46	Killed by Gotarzes II
File:Coin of Vonones II, minted at Hamadan.jpg	King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	Arsaces XXXIII	Vonones II	?	Probably son of Artabanus III	c. 45–51	51
	?	Arsaces XXXIV	Mithridates	?	Son of Vonones I	49–50	?	Deposed and mutilated by Gotarzes II
File:Tetradrachm of Vologases I, minted at Seleucia (2).jpg	King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene, The Lord	Arsaces XXXV	Vologases I	?	Son of Vonones II	51–77	77
File:Vardanes II coin.png	King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	Arsaces XXXVI	Vardanes II	?	Son of Vologases I	55–58	?	Deposed
File:Vologases II coin.png	King of Kings, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	Arsaces XXXVII	Vologases II	?	Probably the eldest son of Vologases I	77–89/90	?
File:OsroesIIcoin.png	King of Kings, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	Arsaces XXXVIII	Pacorus II	?	Probably the younger son of Vologases I	77–115	115
File:Coin of Artabanus III, Seleucia mint.jpg	King of Kings, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	Arsaces XXXIX	Artabanus IV	?	Probably son of Vologases I or Artabanus III	80–81	?
File:Coin of Osroes I (cropped), Ecbatana mint.jpg	King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	Arsaces XL	Osroes I	?	brother of Pacorus II	89/90–130	130
File:Coin of Vologases III (cropped), Seleucia mint.jpg	King of Kings, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	Arsaces XLI	Vologases III	?	Probably son of Sanatruces I king of Armenia 89–109 who was brother of Osroes I	105–148	148	He was also king of Armenia as Vologases I
File:Parthamaspates coin.png	King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	Arsaces XLII	Parthamaspates	?	Son of Osroes I	116–117	after 123	Deposed and went to Rome
File:Coin of Mithridates IV (cropped).jpg	King of Kings, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	Arsaces XLIII	Mithridates IV	?	Probably son of Osroes I	c. 130 – c. 145	c. 145
	King of Kings, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	Arsaces XLIV	?	?	?	c. 140 – c. 140	c. 140
File:Tetradrachm of Vologases IV, minted at Seleucia in 153.jpg	King of Kings, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	Arsaces XLV	Vologases IV	?	Son of Mithridates IV	148–191	191
File:Coin of Vologases V (cutted out), Hamadan mint.jpg	King of Kings, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	Arsaces XLVI	Vologases V	?	Son of Vologases IV	191–208	208
File:OsroesIIcoin.png	King of Kings, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	Arsaces XLVII	Osroes II	?	Probably son of Vologases IV	c. 190 – c. 195	?
File:Coin of Vologases VI of Parthia (cropped), Ecbatana mint.jpg	King of Kings, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	Arsaces XLVIII	Vologases VI	181	Son of Vologases V	208–228	228	Killed by Ardashir I
File:Drachm of Artabanus IV, Hamadan mint.jpg	King of Kings, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	Arsaces XLIX	Artabanus V	?	Son of Vologases V	213–226	226	Killed by Ardashir I
File:Artabanus IV or Tiridates IV coin (transparent).png	King of Kings, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	Arsaces L	Tiridates IV	?	Son of Vologases IV	217–222	?	He was also king of Armenia

Sasanian Empire (224–651)

File:Sasanian Empire (greatest extent).svg

The Sasanian Empire at its greatest extent

Main articles: Sasanian Empire and Sasanian dynasty

Portrait	Title	Regnal name	Personal name	Birth	Family relations	Reign	Death	Notes
House of Sasan
File:ArdashirIGoldCoinHistoryofIran.jpg	Shahanshah	Ardashir I	–	180	Son of Papak, who was son of Sasan	28 April 224 – February 242	February 242
File:Shapour I statue.gif	Shahanshah	Shapur I	–	215	Son of Ardashir I	12 April 240 – May 270	May 270
File:HormizdICoinHistoryofIran.jpg	Shahanshah, Wuzurg Armananshah	Hormizd I	Hormozd-Ardashir	?	Son of Shapur I	May 270 – June 271	June 271
File:BahramINoFireAltarCoinHistoryofIran.jpg	Shahanshah, Gilanshah	Bahram I	–	?	Son of Shapur I	June 271 – September 274	September 274
File:BahramIICroppedCoinHistoryofIran.jpg	Shahanshah	Bahram II	–	?	Son of Bahram I	September 274 – 293	293
File:Bahram III.jpg	Shahanshah, Sakanshah	Bahram III	–	?	Son of Bahram II	293	293	Deposed
File:Narseh relief.jpg	Shahanshah, Wuzurg Armananshah	Narseh I	–	?	Son of Shapur I	293–302	302
File:Coin of Hormizd II (cropped).jpg	Shahanshah	Hormizd II	–	?	Son of Narseh I	302–309	309	Killed by Iranian aristocrats
File:Adur Narseh Unfinished Rock Lelief.jpg	Shahanshah	Adhur Narseh	–	?	Son of Hormizd II	309	309	Killed by Iranian aristocrats
File:Head of king Met 65.126.jpg	Shahanshah, Dhū al-aktāf	Shapur II	–	309	Son of Hormizd II	309–379	379
File:Taq-e Bostan - Ardashir II.jpg	Shahanshah	Ardashir II	–	309/310	Son of Hormizd II	379–383	383
File:Plate of Shapur III killing a tiger.jpg	Shahanshah	Shapur III	–	?	Son of Shapur II	383 – December 388	December 388	Killed by Iranian aristocrats
File:Coin of Bahram IV (cropped), Herat mint.jpg	Shahanshah, Kirmanshah	Bahram IV	–	?	Son of Shapur II	December 388 – 399	399
File:Plate, the king Yazdgard I, slaying a stag.jpg	Shahanshah	Yazdegerd I	–	363	Son of Shapur III	399 – 21 January 420	21 January 420	Killed by Iranian aristocrats
File:Plate with a hunting scene from the tale of Bahram Gur and Azadeh MET DT1634.png	Shahanshah	Bahram V	–	406	Son of Yazdegerd I	21 January 420 – 20 June 438	20 June 438
File:YazdegerdIICroppedCoinHistoryofIran.jpg	Shahanshah	Yazdegerd II	–	?	Son of Bahram V	20 June 438 – 15 December 457	15 December 457
File:King Hormizd II or Hormizd III Hunting Lions, 400-600.jpg	Shahanshah	Hormizd III	–	399	Son of Yazdegerd II	457–459	459	Killed by Peroz I
File:Plate of Peroz I hunting.jpg	Shahanshah	Peroz I	–	459	Son of Yazdegerd II	459 – January 484	January 484	Killed in battle with Hephthalites
File:Coin of the Sasanian king Balash from Susa.jpg	Shahanshah	Balash	–	?	Son of Yazdegerd II	February 484 – 488	488
File:Plate with king hunting rams (white background).jpg	Shahanshah	Kavad I	–	449	Son of Peroz I	488–496	13 September 531	Deposed
File:Coin of the Sasanian king Jamasp from Susa.jpg	Shahanshah	Jamasp	–	?	Son of Peroz I	496–498	502	Deposed
File:Plate with king hunting rams (white background).jpg	Shahanshah	Kavad I	–	449	Son of Peroz I	498 – 13 September 531	13 September 531
File:Anoushiravan.jpg	Shahanshah, Anushiravan, The Just	Khosrow I	–	500	Son of Kavadh I	13 September 531 – 31 January 579	31 January 579
File:Drachma of Hormidz IV - cropped.jpg	Shahanshah	Hormizd IV	–	540	Son of Khosrau I	31 January 579 – 5 September 590	5 September 590	Killed by Vistahm
File:KhosrauIIGoldCoinCroppedHistoryofIran.jpg	Shahanshah, Aparviz	Khosrow II	–	570	Son of Hormizd IV	September 590 – September 590	28 February 628	Deposed and went to Byzantine territory
House of Mihran
File:BahramChobinCoinHistoryofIran.jpg	Shahanshah, Chubineh	Bahram VI	Mehrbandak	?	Son of Bahram Gushnasp from House of Mihran	September – 590 January 591	591	Assassinated under the order of Khosrau II
House of Sasan
File:KhosrauIIGoldCoinCroppedHistoryofIran.jpg	Shahanshah, Aparviz, The Victorious	Khosrow II	–	570	Son of Hormizd IV	January 591 – 25 February 628	28 February 628	Executed by Mihr Hormozd under the orders of Kavadh II
House of Ispahbudhan
File:BistamCoinHistoryofIran.jpg	Shahanshah	Vistahm	–	?	Son of Shapur from the House of Ispahbudhan. He was the uncle of Khosrau II and husband of Gorduya, sister of Bahram VI	591 – 596 or 600	596 or 600	Killed by his wife Gorduya or by his general Pariowk
House of Sasan
File:KavadhIICoinHistoryofIran.jpg	Shahanshah	Kavad II	Shirweih	?	Son of Khosrau II	25 February 628 – 15 September 628	15 September 628	Died from plague
File:Coin of Ardashir III, Arrajan mint (2).jpg	Shahanshah	Ardashir III	–	621	Son of Kavadh II	15 September 628 – 27 April 630	27 April 630	Killed by Shahrbaraz
House of Mihran
File:ShahrbarazCoinHistoryofIran.jpg	Shahanshah, Shahrvaraz	Shahrbaraz	–	?	Sasanian general from the House of Mihran	27 April 630 – 17 June 630	17 June 630	Killed by Farrokh Hormizd under the orders of Borandukht
House of Sasan
File:XusravIIICoinHistoryofIran.jpg	Shahanshah	Khosrow III	–	?	Nephew of Khosrau II	630	630	Killed after a few days reign
File:Puran Dokht Imaginary Portrait.jpg	Shahbanu	Borandukht	–	590	Daughter of Khosrau II	630 (First reign) June 631 – June 632 (Second reign)	632	Deposed by Iranian aristocrats and replaced by Shapur-i Shahrvaraz Restored to the Sasanian throne, and later strangled to death by Piruz Khosrow
	Shahanshah	Shapur-i Shahrvaraz	–	?	Son of Shahrbaraz and an unknown sister of Khosrau II	630	?	Deposed by Iranian aristocrats and replaced by Azarmidokht
	Shahanshah	Peroz II	Gushnasp-Bandeh	?	Son of Mihran-Goshnasp & Chaharbakht who was daughter of Yazdandad son of Khosrau I.	630	630	Killed by Iranian aristocrats
File:Azarmedukht.jpg	Shahbanu	Azarmidokht	–	?	Daughter of Khosrau II	630–631	631	Killed by Iranian aristocrats
File:KhosrauIVCoinHistoryofIran.jpg	Shahanshah	Khosrow IV	Khurrazadh	?	Son of Khosrau II	631	631	Killed by Iranian aristocrats
House of Ispahbudhan
File:FarrokhHormizdVCoin.jpg	Shahanshah	Farrokh Hormizd	–	?	Son of Sasanian general Vinduyih, the brother of Vistahm	630–631	631	Killed by Siyavakhsh under the orders of Azarmidokht
House of Sasan
File:HormizdVICoinHistoryofIran.jpg	Shahanshah	Hormizd VI	–	?	Grandson of Khosrau II	630–631	631	Killed by Iranian aristocrats
File:YazdegerdIIICoinCroppedHistoryofIran.jpg	Shahanshah	Yazdegerd III	–	624	Son of Shahryar the son of Khosrau II	16 June 632–651	651	Killed by a miller

Note: Classical Persia is generally agreed to have ended with the collapse of the Sasanian Empire as a result of the Muslim conquest of Persia.

Dabuyid (651–760)

Main article: Dabuyid dynasty

File:Dabuyid dynasty (greatest extent).svg

Dabuyids (c. 720)

A Zoroastrian Persian dynasty that held power in the north for over a century before finally falling to the Abbasid Caliphate.

Portrait	Title	Name	Birth	Family relations	Reign	Death	Notes
Dabuyid dynasty (642–760)
File:GilGavbaraHistoryofIran.jpg	Ispahbadh	Gil Gavbara	?	Son of Piruz	642–660	660
	Ispahbadh, Gil-Gilan, Padashwargarshah	Dabuya	?	Son of Gil Gavbara	660–712	712
File:Ispahbod FarXan's coin-3.jpg		Farrukhan the Great	?	Son of Dabuya	712–728	728
File:Dād-būrzmihr.jpg		Dadhburzmihr	?	Son of Farrukhan the Great	728–740/741	740/741
		Farrukhan the Little	?	Son of Farrukhan the Great	740/741–747/748	747/748	Regent for Khurshid of Tabaristan
File:Ispahbod Xurshid's coin-1.jpg		Khurshid	734	Son of Dadhburzmihr	740/741–760	761	Committed suicide

Rashidun Caliphate (642–661)

Main articles: Rashidun Caliphate and Rashidun

File:Rashidun Caliphate (greatest extent).svg

The Rashidun Empire reached its greatest extent under Caliph Uthman, in 654

For more comprehensive lists of kings and sub-kings of this Era see:

• Muslim dynasties of Iran

Portrait	Title	Name	Kunya	Birth	Family relations	Reign	Death	Notes
File:Rashidun Caliphs Umar ibn Al-Khattāb - عُمر بن الخطّاب ثاني الخلفاء الراشدين.svg	Al Farooq, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin	Umar	Abu Hafs	583	Son of Khattab ibn Nufayl.	642–644	644	Umar became Caliph in 634 and his forces conquered Persia in 642. Killed by Abu Lu'lu'a Firuz
File:Rashidun Caliph Uthman ibn Affan - عثمان بن عفان ثالث الخلفاء الراشدين.svg	Zonnurain, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin	Uthman	Abu Amr	579	Son of Affan ibn Abd shams, of the Umayyad clan.	644–656	656	Killed by Rebels
File:Rashidun Caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib - علي بن أبي طالب.svg	Al-Mortaza, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin, Great Imam, Maula Ali	Ali	Abul-Hasan	598	Son of Abu Talib ibn Shayba, of the Hashemite clan. Son-in-law of Muhammad.	656–661	661	Killed by Kharijites
File:الحسن ابن علي.svg	Al-Mujtaba Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin	Al-Hasan	Abu Muhammad	624	Son of caliph Ali ibn ABI talib, of the Hashemite clan. Grandson of Muhammad.	661–661	670	Abdicated after six or seven months to Muawiya

Umayyad Caliphate (661–750)

Main article: Umayyad Caliphate

File:Umayyad Caliphate (greatest extent).svg

Umayyad Caliphate at its greatest extent (c. 750)

For more comprehensive lists of kings and sub-kings of this Era see:

• Islamic dynasties of Iran

Portrait/Coin	Title	Name	Kunya	Birth	Family relations	Reign	Death	Notes
File:Anonymous - Muawiya with Councillors, from a manuscript of Hafiz-i Abru’s Majma’ al-tawarikh - 1983.94.4 - Yale University Art Gallery.jpg	Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin	Muawiyah I	Abu Abdallah	?	Son of Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, cousin of Uthman ibn Affan and distant cousin of Muhammad	661–680	680	Reigned until his death
File:Arab-Sasanian coin issued by Yazid I ibn Mu'awiya in the year of the Battle of Karbala.jpg	Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin	Yazid I	Abu Khalid	?	Son of Muawiyah I	680–683	683	Reigned until his death
File:Umayyad Caliphate. temp. Mu'awiya II ibn Yazid. AH 64 AD 683-684.jpg	Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin	Muawiya II	Abu Abd ur-Rahman	?	Son of Yazid I	683–684	?	Reigned until his death
File:Drachm from Yazid I to Marwan I; Talha governor.jpg	Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin	Marwan I	Abu Abd al-Malik	?	Son of Hakam cousin of Muawiyah I	684–685	685	Reigned until his death
File:Abdul Malik ibn Marwan depicted on Gold Dinar.png	Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin	Abd al-Malik	Abu'l-Walid	?	Son of Marwan I	685–705	705	Reigned until his death
File:Gold dinar of al-Walid reverse, 707-708 CE.jpg	Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin	Al-Walid I	Abu'l-Abbas	674	Son of Abd al-Malik	705–715	715	Reigned until his death, built Mosque and great patron of Art.
File:Umayya Sulayman Dinar.jpg	Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin	Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik	Abu Ayyub	675	Son of Abd al-Malik	715–717	717	Reigned until his death in 717
File:Silver dirham of Umar II, 718-19 obverse.jpg	Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin	Umar II	Abu Hafṣ	680	Son of Abd al-Aziz ibn Marwan and Paternal cousin of Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik	717–720	720	Reigned until his death, died of food poisoning.
File:Dihram of Yazid II, 721-722.jpg	Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin	Yazid II	Abu Khalid	690/91	Son of Abd al-Malik	720–724	724	Reigned until his death in 724
File:Bust of the standing caliph statue .png	Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin	Hisham	Abu'l-Walid	691	Son of Abd al-Malik	724–743	743	Reigned until his death, built many schools and mosques in his Empire.
File:Umayyad fresco of Prince (future caliph) Walid bin Yazid.jpg	Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin	Al-Walid II	Abu'l-Abbas	709	Son of Yazid II	743–744	744	Reigned until his death (Assassinated)
File:Dihrem of Yazid III ibn al-Walid, AH 126.jpg	Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin	Yazid III	Abu Khalid	701	Son of Al-Walid I and Shahfarand daughter of Peroz III	744–744	744	Reigned until his death (Brain tumour)
File:Dihrem of Ibrahim ibn al-Walid.jpg	Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin	Ibrahim ibn al-Walid	Abu Ishaq	701/02	Son of Al-Walid I	744–744	744	Abdicated for Marwan II
File:Dirham of Marwan II ibn Muhammad, AH 127-132.jpg	Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin	Marwan II	Abu Abd al-Malik	691	Son of Muhammad ibn Marwan and Paternal cousin of Caliph Hisham.	744–750	750	Ruled from Harran in the Jazira. Killed by Saffah

Notable Governors

Governor	Term
Governors of Khurasan
Abdallah ibn Khazim	662–665, 683–84
Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad	673–676
Salm ibn Ziyad	681–684
Umayya ibn Abdallah	694–697
Muhallab ibn Abi Sufra	698–702
Yazid ibn al-Muhallab	702–704
Al-Jarrah ibn Abdallah	717–719
Muslim ibn Sa'id	723–724
Asad ibn Abdallah	724–727, 734–38
Nasr ibn Sayyar	738–748

Abbasid Caliphate (748–861)

Main article: Abbasid Caliphate

File:Abbasid Caliphate (greatest extent).svg

Abbasid Caliphate at its greatest extent (c. 850), Abbasids ruled Persia until the start of Anarchy in 861

For more comprehensive lists of kings and sub-kings of this Era see:

• Muslim dynasties of Iran

Portrait/Coin	Title	Regnal name	Personal name	Birth	Family relations	Reign	Death	Notes
File:Balami - Tarikhnama - Abu'l-'Abbas al-Saffah is proclaimed the first 'Abbasid Caliph (cropped).jpg	Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin	As-Saffah	Abu'l-Abbas Abdallah	721	Son of Muhammad ibn Ali who was a descendant of Muhammad's paternal uncle	748–754	754	Reigned until his death (Smallpox)
File:Abu Jaafar al-Mansur (cropped).jpg	Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin	Al-Mansur	Abu Ja'far Abdallah	714	Brother of As-Saffah	754–775	775	Reigned until his death, one of the famous Arab caliph.
File:Abbasid al-Mahdi dirham Kirman 166AH.jpg	Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin	Al-Mahdi	Abu Abdallah Muhammad	744/745	Son of Al-Mansur	775–785	785	Reigned until his death, famous Abbasid caliph.
File:Dirhem of Al-Hadi, AH 170.jpg	Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin	Al-Hadi	Abu Muhammad Musa	764	Son of Al-Mahdi	785–786	786	Reigned until his death in 786
File:Harun Al-Rashid and the World of the Thousand and One Nights.jpg	Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin	Harun al-Rashid	Abu Ja'far Harun	763/766	Son of Al-Mahdi	786–809	809	Reigned until his death, the most famous Abbasid caliph
File:Abbasid Dinar - Al Amin - 195 AH (811 AD).jpg	Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin	Al-Amin	Abu Musa Muhammad	787	Son of Harun al-Rashid	809–813	813	Dethroned and Killed by al-Ma'mun
File:Mamun sends an envoy to Theophilos (cropped).png	Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin	Al-Ma'mun	Abu'l-Abbas Abdallah	786	Son of Harun al-Rashid	813–833	833	Reigned until his death, famous Abbasid caliph
File:Byzantine emissaries to the Caliph (cropped).jpg	Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin	Al-Mu'tasim	Abu Ishaq Muhammad	796	Son of Harun al-Rashid	833–842	842	Reigned until his death, famous Abbasid caliph
File:Deaths of Al-Wathiq and Muhammad B. Baiis Jalis (recto), Death of Anbakh (verso), Folio from a Tarikh-I Alfi Manuscript LACMA M.78.9.4 (1 of 2).jpg	Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin	Al-Wathiq	Abu Ja'far Harun	812	Son of Al-Mu'tasim	842–847	847	Reigned until his death, Abbasid caliph
File:Al-Mutawakkil.png	Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin	Al-Mutawakkil	Abu'l-Fadl Ja'far	822	Son of Al-Mu'tasim	847–861	861	Reigned until his assassination, last great Abbasid caliph (for others see Abbasid caliphs).

Notable Governors

Governor	Term
Governors of Khurasan
Abu Muslim	750–755
Abu Awn Abd al-Malik	766–767
Humayd ibn Qahtaba	768–776
Mu'adh ibn Muslim	778–780
Al-Fadl ibn Yahya	795–796
Ali ibn Isa ibn Mahan	796–807/8
Mansur ibn Yazid al-Himyari	796–797

Governor	Term
Governors of Khurasan (Tahirids)
Tahir ibn Husayn	821–822
Talha ibn Tahir	822–828
Abdallah ibn Tahir al-Khurasani	828–845
Tahir ibn Abdallah	845–862
Muhammad ibn Tahir	862–873

Samanid Empire (819–999)

Main articles: Samanid Empire and Anarchy at Samarra

File:Samanid Empire (greatest extent).svg

Samanid Empire at its greatest extent

For more comprehensive lists of kings and sub-kings of this Era see:

• Muslim dynasties of Iran

Portrait	Title	Regnal name	Personal name	Birth	Family relations	Reign	Death	Notes
Samanid dynasty (819–999)
		Ahmad ibn Assad	?	?		819–864/865	864/5
		Nasr I	?	?		864/865–892	892
File:Coinage of Isma'il I ibn Ahmad (AH 279-295 AD 892-907) Usrushana mint. Dated AH 280 (AD 893-4).jpg	Adel	Ismail Samani	?	?		892–907	907
File:Ruler Aḥmad Sāmānī from the genealogy (silsilanāma), Cream of Histories (Zübdet-üt Tevarih, 1598).jpg	Shaheed	Ahmad Samani	?	?		907–914	914
File:Nasr II Samarqand coin 921 922.jpg	Saeed	Nasr II	?	?		914–942	943
File:NuhISamanidCoinHistoryofIran.jpg	Hamid	Nuh I	?	?		942–954	954
File:Gold coin of the Samanid ruler Abd al-Malik I, minted at Nishapur in 955 or 956.jpg	Rashid	'Abd al-Malik I	?	?		954–961	961
File:MansurISamanidPaintingHistoryofIran.jpg	Mo'ayyed	Mansur I	?	?		961–976	976
File:Nuh, son of Mansur suppressing rebels, from a Manuscript of Hafiz-i Abru’s Majma’ al-tawarikh (cropped).jpg	Radhi	Nuh II	?	?		976–996	997
File:Ghaznavid coin citing the Samanid ruler Mansur II as overlord.jpg	Abol Hareth	Mansur II	?	?		996–999	999
	Abol Favares	'Abd al-Malik II	?	?		999	999
File:Isma'il Muntasir.jpg	Montaser	Isma'il Muntasir	?	?		1000–1005	1005

Saffarid Kingdom (861–1003)

Main articles: Saffarid dynasty and Anarchy at Samarra

File:Saffarid dynasty (greatest extent).svg

Saffarid Empire at its greatest extent

For more comprehensive lists of kings and sub-kings of this Era see:

• Muslim dynasties of Iran

Portrait	Title	Name	Kunya	Birth	Family relations	Reign	Death	Note
Saffarid dynasty (861–1003)
File:An illustrated and illuminated folio from a manuscript of Husayn Va’iz al-Kashifi’s Akhlaq-i Muhsini; Ya'qub ibn Layth standing on the roof in full armour, Persia, Shiraz, Safavid, 16th century.jpg	Emir	Ya'qub ibn al-layth al-Saffar	–	840	Son of al-Layth	861–879	879	Died of sickness
File:Amr ibn al-Layth.jpg	Emir	Amr ibn al-Layth	–	?	Son of al-Layth	879–901	902	Captured by the Samanids, later executed on 20 April 902 in Baghdad
	Emir	Tahir ibn Muhammad ibn Amr	Abu'l-Hasan	?	Son of Muhammad, son of Amr	901–908	?	Imprisoned in Baghdad
	Emir	Al-Layth	–	?	Son of Ali, son of al-Layth	909–910	928	Dies of natural causes as a prisoner in Baghdad in 928
	Emir	Muhammad ibn Ali ibn al-Layth	–	?	Son of Ali, son of al-Layth	910–911	?	Imprisoned in Baghdad
	Emir	Amr	Abu Hafs	902	Son of Ya'qub	912–913	?	Overthrown by the Samanids
File:AhmadIbnMuhammadSaffaridCoin.jpg	Emir	Ahmad Ja’far Ahmad ibn Muhammad	Abu Ja'far	21 June 906	Son of Muhammad, son of Amr	923–963	31 March 963	Killed by Abu’l-'Abbas and a Turkic Ghilman
File:KhalafibnAhmadCoinHistoryofIran.jpg	Emir	Khalaf ibn Ahmad	Abu Ahmad	November 937	Son of Ahmad ibn Muhammad	963–1009	March 1009	Overthrown by the Ghaznavids in 1003, died in exile in 1009

Ghurid Kingdom (879–1215)

Main article: Ghurid dynasty

File:Ghurid dynasty (greatest extent).svg

Map of the Ghurid dynasty at its greatest extent by the year 1202

For more comprehensive lists of kings and sub-kings of this Era see:

• Muslim dynasties of Iran

Portrait	Title	Name	Birth	Family relations	Reign	Death	Note
Ghurid dynasty (879–1215)
	Malik	Amir Suri	?	Father of Muhammad ibn Suri	?–?	?	was the first Malik of the Ghurid dynasty
File:MuhammadibnSuriPaintingHistoryofIran.jpg	Malik	Muhammad ibn Suri	?	Son of Amir Suri	?–1011	1011	Poisoned himself
	Malik	Abu Ali ibn Muhammad	?	Son of Muhammad ibn Suri	1011–1035	1035	Overthrown and killed by his nephew Abbas ibn Shith
	Malik	Abbas ibn Shith	?		1035–1060	1060	Deposed and killed by the Ghaznavids, replaced by his son Muhammad ibn Abbas
	Malik	Muhammad ibn Abbas	?	Son of Abbas ibn Shith	1060–1080	1080
	Malik	Qutb al-din Hasan	?	Son of Muhammad ibn Abbas	1080–1100	1100
	Malik	Izz al-Din Husayn	?	Son of Qutb al-din Hasan	1100–1146	1146
	Malik	Sayf al-Din Suri	?	Son of Izz al-Din Husayn	1146–1149	1149
	Malik	Baha al-Din Sam I	?	Son of Izz al-Din Husayn	1149	1149
	Malik	Ala al-Din Husayn	?	Son of Izz al-Din Husayn	1149–1161	1161
	Malik	Sayf al-Din Muhammad	?	Son of Ala al-Din Husayn	1161–1163	1163
File:Ghurids (Ghur & Ghazna). Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad. AH 558-599 AD 1163-1203. Baldat Herat mint. Dated AH 599 (AD 1202-3).jpg	Sultan	Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad	1139	Son of Baha al-Din Sam I	1163–1202	1202
File:Shahabuddin Suri.jpg	Sultan	Mu'izz al-Din	1149	Son of Baha al-Din Sam I	1173–1206	1206
File:Banquet at King Ghiyath al-Din’s Palace, folio from a manuscript of Nigaristan, Iran, probably Shiraz, dated 1573-74.jpg	Sultan	Ghiyath al-Din Mahmud	?	Son of Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad	1206–1212	1212
	Sultan	Baha al-Din Sam III	?	Son of Ghiyath al-Din Mahmud	1212–1213	1213
	Sultan	Ala al-Din Atsiz	1159	Son of Ala al-Din Husayn	1213–1214	1214
	Sultan	Zia al-Din Ali	?	Son of Shuja al-Din Muhammad	1214–1215	1215

Ziyarid Kingdom (928–1043)

Main article: Ziyarid dynasty

File:Ziyarid dynasty (greatest extent).svg

Ziyarid dynasty at its greatest extent

Portrait	Title	Regnal name	Personal Name	Birth	Family relations	Reign	Death	Notes
Ziyarid dynasty (928–1043)
File:MardavijCoinHistoryofIran.jpg	Abolhajjaj, Emir	Mardavij		?	son of Ziyar	930-January 935	January 935
	Abutaher	Voshmgir		?	son of Ziyar	935–967	967
File:Bisutun of Ziyarid.jpg	Zahir od-Dowleh	Bisotoon		?	son of Voshmgir	967–977	977
File:Coin of Qabus, minted in Jurjan (Gorgan).jpg	Shams ol-Ma'ali, Abolhasan	Qabus		?	son of Voshmgir	(first) 977–981 (second) 997-1012	1012
File:Balami - Tarikhnama - Bahram Gur enthroned (cropped).jpg	Falak ol-Ma'ali	Manuchehr		?	son of Qabus	1012–1031	1031
	Sharaf ol-Ma'ali	Anushiravan		?	son of Manuchehr	1030–1050	1050
	Onsor ol-Ma'ali	Keikavus		?	son of Eskandar son of Qabus	1050-1087	1087
		Gilanshah		?	son of Keikavus	1087-1090	1090

Buyid Kingdom (934–1062)

Main article: Buyid dynasty

File:Buyid Dynasty (greatest extent).svg

Buyid dynasty at its greatest extent

The Buyid Kingdom was divided into a number of separate emirates, of which the most important were Fars, Ray, and Iraq. Generally, one of the emirs held a sort of primus inter pares supremacy over the rest, which would be marked by titles like Amir al-umara (which tied them into the hierarchy of the Abbasid Caliphate) and Shahanshah (which the dynasty revived as a sign of independence from the Abbasid caliphs). For more comprehensive lists of kings and sub-kings of this Era see:

• Muslim dynasties of Iran

Portrait	Title	Regnal name	Personal name	Birth	Family relations	Reign	Death	Note
Buyids of Fars (933–1062)
File:Imad al-Dawla coin.jpg	Emir, Amir al-umara	Imad al-Dawla	Abu'l-Hasan Ali	891	Son of Buya	934–949	949	Also Senior Buyid Emir (934–949)
File:Adud al-Dawla medallion.jpg	Emir, Shahanshah	Adud al-Dawla	Fanna Khusraw	936	Son of Rukn al-Dawla and nephew of Imad al-Dawla	949–983	983	Senior Buyid Emir (976–983) and Emir of Iraq (978–983)
File:Sharaf al-Dawla.jpg	Emir, Amir al-umara	Sharaf al-Dawla	Abu'l-Fawaris Shirdil	962	Son of Adud al-Dawla	983–989	989	Also Senior Buyid Emir and Emir of Iraq (987–989)
File:Samsam al-Dawla.jpg	Emir, King	Samsam al-Dawla	Abu Kalijar Marzuban	964	son of Adud al-Dawla	989–998	998	Also Emir of Iraq and self-proclaimed Senior Buyid Emir (983–986)
File:Baha' al-DawlaBuyidCoinHistoryofIran.jpg	Emir, King, Shahanshah	Baha' al-Dawla	Abu Nasr Firuz	971	Son of Adud al-Dawla	998–1012	1012	Also Emir of Iraq (988–1012) and Senior Buyid Emir (997–1012)
File:Sultan al-Dawla coin.jpg	Emir	Sultan al-Dawla	Abu Shuja	992	Son of Baha' al-Dawla	1012–1024	1024	Also Emir of Iraq and Senior Buyid Emir (1012–1021)
File:AbuKalijarBuyidCoinHistoryofIran.jpg	Emir, Shahanshah	Abu Kalijar	Marzuban	1011	Son of Sultan al-Dawla	1024–1048	1048	Also Emir of Kerman (1028–1048), Senior Buyid Emir (1037–1048) and Emir of Iraq (1044–1048)
	Emir	Abu Mansur Fulad Sutun		?	Son of Abu Kalijar	1048–1054	1062	Lost Fars to Abu Sa'd Khusrau Shah
	Emir	Abu Sa'd Khusrau Shah		?	Son of Abu Kalijar	1051–1054	?	Lost Fars to Abu Mansur Fulad Sutun
	Emir	Abu Mansur Fulad Sutun		?	Son of Abu Kalijar	1054–1062	1062	Killed by the Shabankara tribal chief Fadluya
Buyids of Rey, Isfahan, and Hamadan (935–1038)
File:Ruknal-DawlaCoinHistoryofIran.jpg	Emir, Amir al-umara	Rukn al-Dawla	Abu Ali Hasan	898	Son of Buya	935–976	976	Also Senior Buyid Emir (949–976)
	Emir	Fakhr al-Dawla	Abu'l-Hasan Ali	952	Son of Rukn al-Dawla	976–980 and 983–997	980	Also Emir of Hamadan & Tabaristan (984–997) and Senior Buyid Emir (991–997)
File:Muayyadal-DawlaBuyidCoinHistoryofIran.jpg	Emir	Mu'ayyad al-Dawla	Abu Mansur	941	Son of Rukn al-Dawla	976–983	983	Also Emir of Hamadan (976–983), Jibal (977–983), Tabaristan (980–983), and Gorgan (981–983)
File:AbuTalebRostamCoinHistoryofIran.jpg	Emir	Majd al-Dawla	Abu Taleb Rostam	993	Son of Fakhr al-Dawla	997–1029	1029	Only in Rey, briefly self-proclaimed Senior Buyid Emir
File:Shamsal-DawlaBuyidCoinHistoryofIran.jpg	Emir	Shams al-Dawla	Abu Taher	?	Son of Fakhr al-Dawla	997–1021	1021	Only in Isfahan and Hamaedan, briefly self-proclaimed Senior Buyid Emir
	Emir	Sama' al-Dawla	Abu'l-Hasan Ali	?	Son of Shams al-Dawla	1021–1023	1023	Only in Hamadan, Deposed by Kakuyids
Buyids of Iraq and Khuzistan (945–1055)
File:Mu'izz al-Dawla coin.jpg	Emir, Amir al-umara	Mu'izz al-Dawla	Abu'l-Husayn Ahmad	915	Son of Buya	945–966	966
File:Izz al-Dawla.jpg	Emir, Amir al-umara	Izz al-Dawla	Abu Mansur Bakhtiyar	943	Son of Mu'izz al-Dawla	966–979	979	Self-proclaimed Senior Buyid Emir (976–978)
File:Adud al-Dawla medallion.jpg	Emir, Shahanshah	Adud al-Dawla	Fanna Khusraw	937	Son of Rukn al-Dawla	977–983	983	Also Emir of Fars (949–983) and Senior Buyid Emir (976–983)
File:Samsam al-Dawla.jpg	Emir, King	Samsam al-Dawla	Abu Kalijar Marzban	964	Son of Adud al-Dawla	983–987	998	Also self-proclaimed Senior Buyid Emir (983–986) and Emir of Fars & Kerman (989–998)
File:Sharaf al-Dawla.jpg	Emir, Amir al-umara	Sharaf al-Dawla	Abu'l-Fawaris Shirdil	962	Son of Adud al-Dawla	987–989	989	Also Emir of Fars (983–989) and Senior Buyid Emir (987–989)
File:Baha' al-DawlaBuyidCoinHistoryofIran.jpg	Emir	Baha' al-Dawla	Abu Nasr Firuz	970	Son of Adud al-Dawla	989–1012	1012	Also Senior Buyid Emir (997–1012) and Emir of Fars (999–1012)
File:Sultan al-Dawla coin.jpg	Emir	Sultan al-Dawla	Abu Shuja	992	Son of Baha' al-Dawla	1012–1021	1024	Also Senior Buyid Emir (1012–1021) and Emir of Fars (1012–1024)
	Emir, Shahanshah, King	Musharrif al-Dawla	Abu 'Ali	1002	Son of Baha' al-Dawla	1021–1025	1025	Closest thing to Senior Buyid Emir (1024–1025)
	Emir	Jalal al-Dawla	Abu Tahir Jalal al-Dawla	994	Son of Baha' al-Dawla	1027–1043	1043
File:AbuKalijarBuyidCoinHistoryofIran.jpg	Emir, Shahanshah	Abu Kalijar	Marzuban	1011	Son of Sultan al-Dawla	1043–1048	1048	Also Emir of Fars (1024–1048), Emir of Kerman (1028–1048) and Senior Buyid Emir (1037–1048)
	Emir	Al-Malik al-Rahim	Abu Nasr Khusrau Firuz	?	Son of Abu Kalijar	1048–1058	1058	Also Senior Buyid Emir (1051–1058). Deposed by Tughril of the Seljuqs

Ghaznavids Empire (977–1186)

Main article: Ghaznavids

File:Ghaznavids (greatest extent).svg

Map of the Ghaznavid dynasty at its greatest extent

For more comprehensive lists of kings and sub-kings of this Era see:

• Muslim dynasties of Iran

#	Laqab	Personal Name	Reign	Succession right	Notes
1	Nasir-ud-din	Sabuktigin	977–997
2	No title	Ismail	997–998	son of Sabuktigin
3	Yamin ad-Dawlah Abu Qasim	Mahmud	998–1030	first son of Sabuktigin
4	Jalal ad-Dawlah	Muhammad	1030 1st reign	second son of Mahmud
5	Shihab ad-Dawlah	Masud I	1030–1041	first son of Mahmud	Was overthrown, imprisoned and executed, following the battle of Dandanaqan
—	Jalal ad-Dawlah	Muhammad	1041 2nd reign	second son of Mahmud	Raised to the throne following the removal of Masud I.
6	Shihab ad-Dawlah	Mawdud	1041–1048	son of Masud I	Defeated Muhammad at the battle of Nangrahar and gained the throne.
7	? ?	Masud II	1048	son of Mawdud
8	Baha ad-Dawlah	Ali	1048–1049	son of Masud I
9	Izz ad-Dawlah	Abd al-Rashid	1049–1052	fifth son of Mahmud
10	Qiwam ad-Dawlah	Toghrul	1052–1053	Turkish mamluk general	Usurped the Ghaznavid throne after massacring Abd al-Rashid and eleven other Ghaznavid princes.
11	Jamal ad-Dawlah	Farrukh-Zad	1053–1059	son of Masud I
12	Zahir ad-Dawlah	Ibrahim	1059–1099	son of Masud I
13	Ala ad-Dawlah	Mas'ūd III	1099–1115	son of Ibrahim
14	Kamal ad-Dawlah	Shir-Zad	1115–1116	son of Masud III	Murdered by his younger brother Arslan ibn Mas'ud.
15	Sultan ad-Dawlah	Arslan-Shah	1116–1117	son of Masud III	Took the throne from his older brother Shirzad, but faced a rebellion from his other brother Bahram Shah, who was supported by the sultan of the Great Seljuq Empire, Ahmad Sanjar.
16	Yamin ad-Dawlah	Bahram Shah	1117–1157	son of Masud III	Under Bahram-Shah, the Ghaznavid empire became a tributary of the Great Seljuq Empire. Bahram was assisted by Ahmad Sanjar, sultan of the Great Seljuq empire, in securing his throne.
17	Muizz ad-Dawlah	Khusrau Shah	1157–1160	son of Bahram-Shah
18	Taj ad-Dawlah	Khusrau Malik	1160–1186	son of Khusrau-Shah

Seljuk Empire (1037–1194)

Main article: Seljuk Empire

File:Seljuk Empire (greatest extent).svg

A map showing the Great Seljuk Empire at its height, upon the death of Malik Shah I in 1092

For more comprehensive lists of kings and sub-kings of this Era see:

• Muslim dynasties of Iran

Portrait	Title	Regnal name	Personal name	Birth	Family relations	Reign	Death	Notes
Seljuk(1037–1191)
File:Tugrul bey.jpg	Sultan, Beg	Rukn ad-Dunya wa'd-Din	Tughril I Abu Talib Mohammad	995	Son of Mikha'il son of Seljuq	1029–1063	1063	Reigned until his death
File:AlpArslan.PNG	Sultan	ʿAdud ad-Dawla	Alp Arslan Abu Shujaʿ Mohammad	1039	Son of Chaghri Beg Dawud brother of Toğrül I	1063–1072	1072	Reigned until his death
File:Büyük Selçuklu Sultanı Melikşah.jpg	Sultan	Jalal ad-Dawla wa'd-Din	Malik Shah I Abu'l-Fath Hasan	1055	Son of Alp Arslan	1072–1092	1092	Killed by Assassins
File:Gold dinar of the Seljuk sultan Mahmud I, minted at Isfahan in 1093 or 1094.jpg	Sultan	Nasir ad-Dawla wa'd-Din	Abu'l-Qasim Mahmud I	1086	Son of Malik Shah I	1092–1094	1094	Reigned until his death, Child ruler
File:BarkiyaruqPainting.jpg	Sultan	Rukn ad-Dunya wa'd-Din	Abu'l-Muzaffar Barkiyaruq	1080	Son of Malik Shah I	1094–1105	1105
File:Muhammad I Tapar.png	Sultan	Ghiyath ad-Dunya wa'd-Din	Abu Shuja Muhammad I Tapar	1082	Son of Malik Shah I	1105–1118	1118
File:Coin struck under Mughith al-Din Mahmud II, citing governor Inanch Yabghu.jpg	Sultan	Muglith ad-Dunya wa'd-Din	Mahmud II	1104	Son of Muhammad I	1118–1131	1131	Dominated by his uncle Sanjar and killed in a rebellion against him.
	Sultan	Rukn ad-Dunya wa'd-Din	Abu Talib Toghrul II	1109	Son of Muhammad I	1132–1134	1134	Ruled only in Iraq, dominated by his uncle Ahmed Sanjar
File:Ahmad Sanjar.jpg	Sultan	As-Salatin Muʿizz ad-Dunyā wa'd-Dīn	Abu'l-Harith Ahmed Sanjar	1087	Son of Malik Shah I	1097–1157	1157	Ruled in Khorasan, dominating a series of nephews in Iraq.
	Sultan	Ghiyath ad-Dawla wa'd-Din	Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud	1109	Son of Muhammad I	1134–1152	1152	Ruled over the western portion of the empire. Preoccupations in the east meant Sanjar was unable to dominate him.
	Sultan	Mugith ad-Dunya wa'd-Din	Malik Shah III	1128	Son of Mahmud II	1152–1153 and 1160	1153	Deposed by Khass Bey Regained throne but then deposed by the people of Isfahan after 16 days.
File:Turkish Sultan mourning for his wife, folio from a manuscript of Nigaristan, Iran, probably Shiraz, dated 1573-74.jpg	Sultan	Ghiyath ad-Dunya wa'd-Din	Abu Shuja Muhammad II	1128	Son of Mahmud II	1153–1160	1160	Rule contested with his uncle Sulayman Shah (1153–1155)
	Sultan	Mu'izz ad-Dunya wa'd-Din	Abu'l-Harith Sulayman Shah	1118	Son of Muhammad I	1153–1155 and 1160–1161	1162	Rule contested with his nephew Muhammad II Deposed by Inanj, Lord of Reyy and the court officials
	Sultan	Rukn ad-Dunya wa'd-Din	Arslan-Shah	1134	Son of Toghrul II	1161–1176	1176	De facto power in the hands of Ildeniz (1160–1174) and his son Pahlavan (1174–1176)
File:Tughril III.jpg	Sultan	Rukn ad-Dunya wa'd-Din	Abu Talib Toghrul III	?	Son of Arslan	1176–1194	1194	De facto power in the hands of Pahlavan (1176–1186) and Qizil Arslan (1186–1188). Deposed by Qizil Arslan in 1191. Killed by Khwarazm Shah Tekish
	Sultan		Sanjar II	?	Son of Sulayman Shah	1189–1191	1191	De facto power in the hands of Qizil Arslan (1189–1191). Deposed by Qizil Arslan in 1191.
Eldiguzids (1191)
	Sultan		Qizil Arslan	?	Son of Ildeniz	1191	1191	Held de facto power (1186–1188). Deposed Qizil Arslan in 1191, declared himself Sultan and died an hour before his coronation.

Khwarazmian Empire (1153–1220)

Main article: Khwarazmian Empire

File:Khwarazmian dynasty (greatest extent).svg

Khwarazmian Empire at its greatest extent

An empire built from Khwarezm, covering part of Iran and neighbouring Central Asia. For more comprehensive lists of kings and sub-kings of this Era see:

• Islamic dynasties of Iran

Portrait	Title	Regnal name	Personal name	Birth	Family Relations	Reign	Death	Note
Anushtegin dynasty (1153–1220)
File:Coin of the Khwarazmshah Atsiz, citing his suzerain Ahmad Sanjar.jpg	Sultan	Ala ad-Dunya wa ad-Din Abul-Muzaffar	Atsiz	1097/1105	son of Muhammad I of Khwarazm	1153–1156	1156	Ruling in Khwārazm from 1127
File:Il-Arslan.jpg	Sultan	Taj ad-Dunya wa ad-Din Abul-Fath	Il-Arslan	?	son of Atsiz	1156–1172	1172
File:KonyeUrgenchMausoleum.jpg	Sultan	Ala ad-Dunya wa ad-Din Abul-Muzaffar	Tekish	?	son of Il-Arslan	1172–1200	1200	With opposition from Sultan shah
File:Mort de Muhammad Hwârazmshâh.jpeg	Shah	Ala ad-Dunya wa ad-Din Abul-Fath	Muhammad Sanjar	?	son of Tekish	1200–1220	1220	Eliminated by the Mongols
File:OUZBEKISTAN, 25 Som à l'effigie de Jaloliddin Manguberdi (portrait).jpg	Sultan	Jalal ad-Dunya wa ad-Din Abul-Muzaffar	Mingburnu	?	son of Muhammad	1220–1231	1231	Reign largely guerilla warfare against the Mongol conquerors

Mongol Empire (1220–1256)

Main article: Mongol Empire

File:Mongol Empire (greatest extent).svg

Mongol Empire at its greatest extent

For more comprehensive lists of kings and sub-kings of this Era see:

• Muslim dynasties of Iran

Portrait	Title	Regnal name	Personal name	Birth	Family relations	Reign	Death	Notes
File:YuanEmperorAlbumGenghisPortrait.jpg	Khan	Genghis	Temujin	1162	Son of Yesugei Baghatur	1220–1227	1227	Ruling in Mongolia from 1206
File:Tolui Khan.jpg	Khan		Tolui	1192	Son of Genghis	25 August 1227 – 13 September 1229	13 September 1229	Regent
File:YuanEmperorAlbumOgedeiPortrait.jpg	Khan		Ögedei	c. 1186	Son of Genghis	13 September 1229 – 11 December 1241	1241
File:Töregene Khatun coin.png	Khatun		Töregene	?	Wife of Ögedei	1242 – March 1246	?	Regent
File:Guyuk khan from Persian miniature.jpg	Khan		Güyük	c. 1206	Son of Ögedei and Töregene	1246–1248	1248
	Khatun		Oghul Qaimish	?	Wife of Güyük	1248–1251	1251	Regent
File:Möngke Khan.jpg	Khan		Möngke	10 January 1209	Son of Tolui	1 July 1251 – 11 August 1259	11 August 1259

Ilkhanate (1256–1357)

Main article: Ilkhanate

File:Ilkhanate (greatest extent).svg

Ilkhanate at its greatest extent

Ilkhanate (1256–1335)

Portrait	Title	Throne name	Personal name	Birth	Family relations	Reign	Death	Notes
File:Hulagu Khan.jpg	Khan, Ilkhan		Hulagu	c. 1217	Son of Tolui	1256 – 8 February 1265	8 February 1265
File:Abaqa Khan.jpg	Khan, Ilkhan		Abaqa	1234	Son of Hulagu	1265 – 1 April 1282	1 April 1282
File:Tegüder recevant une ambassade.jpeg	Khan, Ilkhan, Sultan	Ahmad	Tekuder	?	Son of Hulagu	1282–1284	1284	Killed by Arghun
File:AbaqaOnHorseArghunStandingGhazanAsAChild.jpg	Khan, Ilkhan		Arghun	c. 1258	Son of Abaqa	1284 – 7 March 1291	7 March 1291
File:Geikhatu interrogeant Shingtûr Nuyân.jpeg	Khan, Ilkhan		Gaykhatu	?	Son of Abaqa	1291–1295	1295	Killed by general Taghachar
File:Baydu coin with Khagan's name.jpg	Khan, Ilkhan		Baydu	?	Son of Taraqai son of Hulagu	1295	1295	Executed by Ghazan
File:Ghazan with wife at his court.jpg	Khan, Ilkhan, Sultan	Mahmud	Ghazan	5 November 1271	Son of Arghun	1295–1304	1304
File:Majma' al-Tavarikh 001.jpg	Khan, Ilkhan, Sultan	Muhammad Khodabandeh	Öljaitü	1280	Son of Arghun	1304 – 16 December 1316	16 December 1316
File:Ilhanli Ebu said enguriye 720.jpg	Khan, Ilkhan, Sultan	Abu Sa'id	Ala' ad-Din Bahadur	2 June 1305	Son of Öljaitü	1316 – 1 December 1335	1 December 1335
File:سکه آرپاخان.jpg	Khan, Ilkhan, Sultan	Arpa Ke'un	Mu'izz ad-Din Mahmud	?	Son of Suseh son of Munkqan son of Malik-Temur son of Ariq Böke son of Tolui	1335 – 10 April 1336	10 April 1336	Killed in battle by Ali Padshah
	Khan, Ilkhan, Sultan	Nasir ad-Din	Musa	?	Son of Ali son of Baydu	12 April 1336 – 1337	1337	Puppet of Ali Padshah, fled after being defeated by the Jalayirid Hasan Buzurg
File:سکه طغاتیمور.jpg	Khan, Ilkhan, Sultan		Togha Temür	?	Son of Sudi son of Bababahathor son of Abokan son of Amakan son of Tur son of Jujiqisar son of Yesugei Baghatur	1335–1353	1353	In opposition to Jalayirid and Chupanid candidates, killed by the Sarbadar Yahya Karawi
	Khan, Ilkhan, Sultan	Muzaffar ad-Din	Muhammad	?	Son of Yul Qotloq son of Il Temur son of Ambarji son of Mengu Temur son of Hulagu	1336–1338	1338	Puppet of Hasan Buzurg, executed by the Chupanid Hasan Kucek
	Khatun		Sati beg	c. 1300	Daughter of Öljaitü	1338–1339	After 1345	Puppet of Hasan Kucek, who deposed her.
	Khan, Ilkhan, Sultan	Izz ad-Din	Jahan Temür	?	Son of Ala-Fireng son of Gaykhatu	1339–1340	?	Puppet of Hasan Buzurg, who deposed him for Togha Temür.
	Khan, Ilkhan, Sultan		Suleiman	?	Husband of Sati beg and son of Yusef Shah son of Soga son of Yeshmut son of Hulagu	May 1339 – 1345	?	Puppet of Hasan Kucek, fled to Diyarbakr in the disorder after his death.
File:Coin of Anushirwan (Ilkhan), struck at the Tiflis mint (reverse).jpg	Khan, Ilkhan, Sultan		Anushirwan	?	?	1344–1356	?	Puppet of the Chupanid Malek Ashraf
	Khan, Ilkhan, Sultan		Luqman	?	Son of Togha Temür	1353–1388	?	Puppet of Timur
	Khan, Ilkhan, Sultan		Ghazan II	?	?	1356–1357	?	Puppet of Malek Ashraf

Late medieval regional kingdoms

Sarbadars (1332–1386)

File:Sarbadars (greatest extent).svg

Sarbadars in 1345

Portrait	Title	Name	Birth	Family relations	Reign	Death	Notes
	Amir	Abd al-Razzaq ibn Fazlullah	?		1337–1338	1338	Revolted against Togha Temür, stabbed to death by his brother
	Amir	Wajih ad-Din Masud ibn Fazlullah	?	brother of Abd al-Razzaq	1338–1344	1344	Captured by the Paduspanids and executed.
	Amir	Muhammad Aytimur (1343–1346)	?	Unrelated to predecessors	1344–1346	1346	Overthrown and executed
	Amir	Kulu Isfendiyar	?	Unrelated to predecessors	1346–c. 1347	c. 1347
	Amir	Shams al-Din ibn Fazl Allah	?	brother of Abd al-Razzaq	c. 1347	?	Forced to abdicate by successor
	Amir	Khwaja Shams al-Din 'Ali	?	Unrelated to predecessors	1347–1351/1352	1351/1352	Assassinated by a disgruntled official
	Amir	Yahya Karawi	?	Unrelated to predecessors	1351/1352–1355/1356	1355/1356	Eliminated Togha Temür, assassinated.
	Amir	Zahir al-Din Karawi	?	Nephew of Yahya Karawi	1355/1356	1355/1356	Deposed by vizier
	Amir	Haidar Qassab	?	Unrelated to predecessors	1355/1356	1356	Assassinated by a Turkish slave
	Amir	Lutf Allah	?	Son of Wajih ad-Din Masud	1356–1357/1358 or 1361	1357/1358 or 1361	Deposed and executed by his vizier
	Amir	Hasan al-Damghani	?	Unrelated to predecessors	1357/1358 or 1361–1361/1362	1361/1362	Overthrown by Dervish rebels
	Amir	Khwaja 'Ali-yi Mu'ayyad ibn Masud	?	Unrelated to predecessors	1361/1362–1376/1377 and 1376/1377–1381	?	Restored, became vassal of Tamerlane in 1381
	Amir	Rukn ad-Din	?	Unrelated to predecessors	1376/1377	?	Installed by Dervish rebels.

Chobanids (1335–1357)

File:Chobanids.svg

Chupanids at their greatest extent

Portrait	Title	Name	Birth	Family relations	Reign	Death	Notes
	Amir	Hassan Kuchak	c. 1319	Son of Timurtash son of Chupan	16 July 1338 – 15 December 1343	15 December 1343	Ruled on behalf of his Il-Khanate puppets Sati Beg and Suleiman Khan.
	Amir	Yagi Basti	?	Son of Chupan	1343–1344	1344	Assassinated by his co-ruler Malek Ashraf.
	Amir	Surgan	c. 1320	Son of Chupan and Sati Beg	1343–1345	1345	Driven out by his co-ruler Malek Ashraf.
	Amir	Malek Ashraf	?	Brother of Hassan Kuchak	1343–1357	1357	Ruled on behalf of his Il-Khanate puppets Anushirwan. Hung by Jani Beg of the Golden Horde.
	Amir	Temürtas	?	Son of Malek Ashraf	1360	1360	Short-lived puppet of the Golden Horde.

Jalayirids (1335–1432)

File:Jalairid Sultanate.svg

Jalayirids at their greatest extent

Portrait	Title	Regnal name	Personal name	Birth	Family relations	Reign	Death	Notes
	Ulus Beg	Taj-ud-Din	Hasan Buzurg	?	Son-in-law of Chupan	1336–1356	1356	Ruled through Ilkhanate puppets Muhammad Khan and Jahan Temür.
File:Muhammad b. Muhammad al-'Arif presents his work, Farhäd u Gulistan, to Shaikh Uvays Bahadur Khan, from Farhädnäma, Karabagh and Ardabil, 1369-72. Istanbul Topkapi Palace Museum Ms. H. 678 (detail).jpg	Bahadur Khan	Mu'izz-ud-dunya wa'd-Din	Shaikh Uvais	c. 1337–1374	Son of Hasan Buzurg	1356–1374	1374
	Shaikh		Hasan	?	Son of Shaikh Uvais	1374–1374	1374	Killed by the Amirs
	Shaikh	Jalal-ud-Din	Husain I (1374–1382)	?	Son of Shaikh Uvais	1374–1382	1382	Executed by his rebellious brother Ahmed
	Shaikh		Bayazid	?	Son of Shaikh Uvais	1382–1384	1384	In opposition to Husain and Ahmed
	Sultan	Ghiyath ud-Din	Ahmad	?	Son of Shaikh Uvais	1383–1410	1410	In exile 1393–4, 1400–2, 1403–5. Killed in battle by Qara Yusuf
	Sultan	Ala ud-Dunya	Shah Walad	?	Son of Ali, son of Uvais	1410–1411	1411
	Sultan		Mahmud	?	Son of Shah Walad	1411	1425	Under regency of Tandu Khatun
	Sultan		Uvais	?	Son of Shah Walad	1415–1421	1421
	Sultan		Muhammad	?	Son of Shah Walad	1421	1421
	Sultan		Mahmud	?	Son of Shah Walad	1421–1425	1425	Second reign
			Hussain	?	Son of Ala-ud-Dawlah, son of Ahmed	1425–1432	1432	Defeated by Kara Koyunlu

Injuids (1335–1357)

File:Injuids (greatest extent).svg

Injuids at their greatest extent

Portrait	Title	Name	Birth	Family relations	Reign	Death	Notes
		Sharaf ad-Din Mahmud Shah	?		1304–1335	1335	Highly autonomous master of the Ilkhanate royal estates (the injü), removed by Abu Sa'id, executed by Arpa Ke'un.
	Amir	Ghiyath ad-Din Kai-Khusrau	?	Son of Mahmud Shah	1335–1338/9	1338/9
	Amir	Jalal ad-Din Mas'ud Shah	?	Son of Mahmud Shah	1338–1342	1342	In opposition to Kai-Khusrau. Jalayirid partisan. Assassinated by Chupanids.
	Amir	Shams ad-Din Muhammad	?	Son of Mahmud Shah	1339/40	1339/40	In opposition to Mas'ud Shah. Murdered by his Chupanid supporter.
	Amir	Shaikh Abu Ishaq	?	Son of Mahmud Shah	1343–1357	?	Defeated & executed by the Muzaffarids

Muzaffarids (1314–1393)

File:Muzaffarids (greatest extent).svg

Muzaffarids at its greatest extent

Portrait	Title	Name	Birth	Family relations	Reign	Death	Notes
File:Attack of the sons of Mubariz al-Din on their father, folio from a manuscript of Nigaristan, Iran, probably Shiraz, dated 1573-74.jpg	Emir	Mubariz ad-Din Muhammad ibn al-Muzaffar	1301		1314–1358	1368	Founder of the Muzaffarid dynasty
File:Two troops on the move, folio from a manuscript of Nigaristan, Iran, probably Shiraz, dated 1573-74.jpg	Emir	Shah Shuja	?		1358–1384	1384
	Emir	Zain al-Abidin	?		1384–1387	1387
	Emir	Shah Yahya	?		1387–1391	1391	Only ruled in Shiraz
File:Hafez at the court of Shah Mansur.jpg	Emir	Shah Mansur	?		1391–1393	1393

Timurid Empire (1370–1467)

Main article: Timurid Empire

File:Timurid Empire (greatest extent).svg

Locator map of the Timurid Empire, c. 1400

Portrait	Title	Regnal name	Personal name	Birth	Family relations	Reign	Death	Notes
File:Timur reconstruction03.png	Amir, Beg, Gurkani, Sahib Qiran, Sultan	Timur	Timur bin Taraghai Barlas, later Timur Gurkani	9 April 1336	Son of Muhammad Taraghai	1370 – 18 February 1405	17–18 February 1405
	Emir	Pir Muhammad	Pir Muhammad bin Jahangir	c. 1374	Grandson of Timur	18 February 1405 – 22 February 1407	22 February 1407
File:Xalil-Sulton.jpg	Emir, Sultan, Shah	Khalil Sultan	Khalil Sultan bin Miran Shah	c. 1384	Grandson of Timur	18 February 1405 – 13 May 1409	13 May 1409
File:Shoxruh Mirzo.jpg	Mirza	Shah Rukh	Shah Rukh	30 August 1377	Son of Timur	18 February 1405 – 12 March 1447	12 March 1447
File:Ulugh Beg, Timurid painting 1425-50.jpg	Mirza, Sultan	Ulugh Beg	Mirza Muhammad Tāraghay	22 March 1394	Son of Shahrukh Mirza	12 March 1447 – 27 October 1449	27 October 1449	Deposed and murdered by his successor

Qara Qoyunlu and Aq Qoyunlu (1375–1497)

Main articles: Qara Qoyunlu and Aq Qoyunlu

Qara Qoyunlu

File:Qara Qoyunlu (greatest extent).svg

Qara Qoyunlu (greatest extent)

Portrait	Title	Regnal Name	Personal Name	Birth	Reign	Death	Family relations	Notes
File:Khalili Collection Islamic Art tls 0666.jpg	Bey	Qara Muhammad	Qara Muhammad Turmush ibn Bairam Khwaja	?	1378–1388	1388	First Bey of Kara Koynulu
File:Qara Yusif Bey leading Qaraqoyunlu army against Shirvanshahs.jpg	Bey	Qara Yusuf	Abu Nasr Qara Yusuf Nuyan ibn Muhammad	?	1388–1420	1420		Reign ended by Timurid invasion
File:Coin of Qara Iskander (Kara Koyunlu).jpg	Bey	Qara Iskander	Qara Iskander ibn Yusuf	?	1420–1436	1436		Killed
File:Portrait of the Qara Qoyunlu ruler Jahan Shah by Abu'l-Hasan Mostawfi Ghaffari, dated 1780 or 1795.jpg	Bey،Padishah-i Iran	Jahan Shah	Muzaffar al-Din Jahan Shah ibn Yusuf	1397	1438 – 11 November 1467	11 November 1467	Son of Qara Yusuf	Killed by Uzun Hasan of the Ak Koyunlu
File:Hasan Ali bin Cahan shah.jpg	Bey	Hasan Ali	Hasan Ali ibn Jahan Shah	?	11 November 1467 – 1468	1468	Son of Jahan Shah	Killed by Uzun Hasan of the Ak Koyunlu

Aq Quyunlu

File:Ag Qoyunlu (greatest extent).svg

Ag Qoyunlu (greatest extent)

Portrait	Title	Regnal Name	Personal Name	Birth	Family relations	Reign	Death	Notes
	Bey	Qara Osman	Qara Yuluk (Nickname)	?		1378–1435	1435	For aiding Timur, he was given Diyarbakir in 1402
	Bey	Ali	Nur al-Din Ali ibn Qara Yülük	?	Son of Qara Osman	1435–1438	1438
	Bey	Hamza		?		1403–1435	1444
File:Coin of the Aq Qoyunlu leader Jahangir.jpg	Bey	Jahangir	M‘uizz al-Din Jahangir ibn Ali ibn Qara Yülük	?	Son of Qara Osman	1444–1453	1453
File:Coin of Uzun Hasan, minted in Amed (Amid, Diyarbakır). Obverse.jpg	Bey	Uzun Hassan	Uzun Hassan ibn Jahangir	?	Son of Jahangir	1453 – 6 January 1478	6 January 1478
File:Sultan Khalil of the Aq Qoyunlu 1478 (cropped).jpg	Bey	Khalil	Khalil ibn Uzun Hasan	?	Son of Uzun Hasan	1478–1479	1479
File:Soltan Yaʿqub Aq Qoyunlu and his weeping courtiers. Source- The Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford, MS Ouseley Add. 24, fol. 177r (cropped).jpg	Bey	Yaqub	Yaqub ibn Uzun Hasan	?	Son of Uzun Hasan	1479–1490	1490
File:Gold coin of the Aq Qoyunlu ruler Baysunghur, Tabriz mint.jpg	Bey	Baysunghur	Baysongur ibn Yaqub	?	Son of Yaqub	1490–1493	1493
File:Coin of Sultan Rustam (Aq Qoyunlu).png	Bey	Rostam	Rostam ibn Maqsud	?	Son of Maqsud	1491–1497	1497
File:Coin of Sultan Ahmad (Aq Qoyunlu).jpg	Bey	Ahmad Govde	Ahmad Govde ibn Muhammad	?	Son of Muhammad	1497	1497

Sources: Note: Medieval Persia is generally agreed to have ended with the rise of the Safavid Empire

Modern Iran

Safavid Empire (1501–1736)

Main articles: Safavid Iran and Safavid dynasty

File:Safavid dynasty (greatest extent).svg

The maximum extent of the Safavid Empire under Shah Abbas I

Portrait	Title	Regnal name	Personal name	Birth	Family relations	Reign	Death	Notes
Safavid dynasty (1501–1736)
File:Сефи 1-й 1629-42.jpg	Shah, Sultan, Kagan-i Suleyman shan, Pādišah-ī Īrān	Ismail I		17 July 1487	son of Sultan Heidar grandson of Uzun Hasan from mother lineage	22 December 1501 – 23 May 1524	23 May 1524
File:Shah Tahmasp I in the mountains (cropped).jpg	Shah, Sahib-i-Qiran, Kagan-i Suleyman shan	Tahmasp I		22 February 1514	son of Ismail I	23 May 1524 – 25 May 1576	25 May 1576
File:Shah Ismayil II.jpg	Shah	Ismail II		31 May 1537	son of Tahmasp I	25 May 1576 – 24 November 1577	24 November 1577	Poisoned (?)
File:Illustration of the Safavid shah Mohammad Khodabandeh.jpg	Shah, Khodabandeh, Ashraf, Soltan	Mohammed Khodabanda		1532	son of Tahmasp I	11 February 1578 – 1 October 1587	1596	Deposed
File:ShahAbbasPortraitFromItalianPainter.jpg	Shahanshah, Sultan, Great	Abbas I the Great		27 January 1571	son of Mohammad I	1 October 1587 – 19 January 1629	19 January 1629
File:Shah Safi I of Persia on Horseback Carrying a Mace- Sahand Ace.png	Shah, Mirza	Safi	Sam Mirza	1611	son of Mohammd Baqer (Safi) Mirza son of Abbas I	19 January 1629 – 12 May 1642	12 May 1642
File:Abbas II of Persia.jpg	Shah	Abbas II		30 August 1632	son of Safi	12 May 1642 – 26 October 1666	26 October 1666
File:Suleiman I of Persia.jpg	Shah, Hakem-ol Hokama	Suleiman I	Safi Mirza	February/March 1648	son of Abbas II	26 October 1666 – 29 July 1694	29 July 1694
File:Sultan Husayn of Persia.jpg	Shah, Sultan, Sadr-ol Hakem	Sultan Husayn		1668	son of Suleiman I	29 July 1694 – 9 September 1727	9 September 1727	Deposed and killed by Ashraf Hotak
Hotak dynasty (1722–1729)
File:SHAH-MAHMUD-HOTAK.jpg	Shah	Mahmud Hotak		1697	son-in-law of Sultan Husayn son of Mirwais Khan Hotak	23 October 1722 – 22 April 1725	22 April 1725	Recognised as Shah of Persia after the Siege of Isfahan
File:Ashraf Shah Hotaki 1725-1729.jpg	Shah	Ashraf Hotak		1700	cousin of Mahmud Hotak	22 April 1725 – 5 October 1729	5 October 1729	Ruled in opposition to Tahmasp II and lost control of Persia after the Battle of Damghan
Safavid Restoration
File:Nadir at the court of Shah Tahmasp II.jpg	Shah	Tahmasp II		1704	son of Sultan Husayn	11 September 1722 – 11 February 1740	11 February 1740	Ruled in opposition to Mahmud Hotak, later deposed and killed by Nader

Afsharid Empire (1736–1796)

Main articles: Afsharid Iran and Afsharid dynasty

File:Afsharid dynasty (greatest extent).svg

Afsharid dynasty at its greatest extent

Portrait	Title	Regnal name	Personal name	Birth	Family relations	Reign	Death	Notes
Afsharid dynasty (1736–1796)
File:Painting, portrait of Nader Shah seated on a carpet, oil on canvas, probably Tehran, 1780s or 1790s (cropped).jpg	Shahanshah, Sultan, Hakem-ol Hokama, Hazrat-e Ashraf, Zel- ol Allah	Nader Shah	Nadhar Qoli Khan	1698	son of Imam Qoli Beig Afshar	8 March 1736 – 20 June 1747	20 June 1747	Before coronation, his title was Tahmasp Qoli Khan. Killed
File:Portrait of Adel Shah.jpg	Shah	Adel Shah	Ali Qoli Beig	?	son of Mohammad Ebrahim Khan, brother of Nader	6 July 1747 – 1 October 1748	1749	Deposed and blinded by Ebrahim. Killed by Shahrukh Afshar
File:Coin of Ebrahim Shah, struck at the Qazvin mint.jpg	Shah	Ebrahim Afshar	Mohammad Ali Beig	1725	son of Mohammad Ebrahim Khan, brother of Nader	8 December 1748 – June-July 1749	1749	Deposed and killed by Shahrukh Afshar
File:Nader Shah Afshar and his court, India or Iran, 18th century (cropped).jpg	Shah	Shahrukh Afshar		1734	son of Reza Qoli Mirza son of Nader. His mother was Fatemeh Soltan Beigom daughter of Sultan Husayn I Safavi	1 October 1748 – 14 January 1750	1796	Deposed and blinded by Suleiman II (1749), restored (1750)
Brief Safavid control (1749–1750)
File:Suleiman II of Iran.jpg	Shah	Suleiman II of Persia	Mir Sayyed Mohammad Marashi	?	Pretender to the Safavid throne	1749–1750	?	Removed and blinded
Afsharid restoration (1750–1796)
File:Shahrokh Afshar coin, struck at the Mashhad mint.jpg	Shah	Shahrukh Afshar		1734	son of Reza Qoli Mirza son of Nader. His mother was Fatemeh Soltan Beigom daughter of Sultan Husayn I Safavi	20 March 1750 – 1796	1796	Deposed and blinded by Suleiman II (1749), restored (1750)

Zand Kingdom (1751–1794)

Main article: Zand dynasty

File:Zand dynasty.svg

Map of the Zand dynasty during the reign of Lotf Ali Khan

Portrait	Title	Regnal name	Personal name	Birth	Reign	Death	Family relations	Notes
Zand dynasty (1751–1794)
File:Karim Khan by Charles Heath.jpg	Khan, Vakil e-Ro'aayaa	Karim Khan Zand	Mohammad Karim	1705	1751 – 6 March 1779	6 March 1779	son of Inaq Khan & Bay Agha	Had Ismail III as a Safavid prince, who reigned as a figurehead under the authority of Ali Mardan Khan Bakhtiari briefly from 1750 to 1751, and then under the Zand ruler Karim Khan Zand from 1751 till his death in 1773.
	Khan	Mohammad Ali Khan Zand		1760	6 March 1779 – 19 June 1779	19 June 1779	son of Karim
	Khan	Abol-Fath Khan Zand		1755	6 March 1779 – 22 August 1779	1787	son of Karim
	Khan	Zaki Khan Zand		?	6 March 1779 – 22 August 1779	22 August 1779	son of Budaq Khan & Bay Agha
File:Image of sadiq khan zand.png	Khan	Sadeq Khan Zand	Mohammad Sadeq	?	22 August 1779 – 14 March 1781	1782	son of Inaq Khan & Bay Agha
File:Ali Murad Khan Zand.png	Khan	Ali-Morad Khan Zand		1720	14 March 1781 – 11 February 1785	11 February 1785	son of Allah Morad (Qeytas) Khan Zand Hazareh
File:Ja`far Khan.png	Khan	Jafar Khan		?	18 February 1785 – 23 January 1789	23 January 1789	son of Sadeq
File:Sayed Murad Zand.png	Khan	Sayed Morad Khan		?	23 January 1789 – 10 May 1789	10 May 1789	son of Khoda Morad Khan Zand Hazareh
File:Lotf Ali Khan Zand.jpg	Khan	Lotf Ali Khan		1769	23 January 1789 – 20 March 1794	20 March 1794	son of Ja'far	Deposed, blinded and killed by Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar

Qajar Empire (1794–1925)

Main articles: Qajar Iran and Qajar dynasty

File:Qajar dynasty (greatest extent).svg

Map of the Qajar dynasty during the reign of Agha Mohammad Shah

Name	Lifespan	Reign start	Reign end	Notes	Family	Image
Agha Mohammad Shah آقا محمد شاه	(1742-03-14)14 March 1742 – 17 June 1797(1797-06-17) (aged 55)	20 March 1794	17 June 1797 (assassinated)	Son of Mohammad Hasan Khan	Qajar	Agha Mohammad Shah of Qajar Iran
Fath-Ali Shah فتحعلى‌شاه قاجار	(1772-09-05)5 September 1772 – 23 October 1834(1834-10-23) (aged 62)	17 June 1797	23 October 1834	Son of Hossein Qoli Khan, brother of Agha Mohammad Shah	Qajar	Fath-Ali Shah of Qajar Iran
Mohammad Shah محمد شاه	(1808-01-05)5 January 1808 – 5 September 1848(1848-09-05) (aged 40)	23 October 1834	5 September 1848	Son of Abbas Mirza, son of Fath-Ali Shah	Qajar	Mohammad Shah of Qajar Iran
Naser al-Din Shah ناصرالدین شاه	(1831-07-16)16 July 1831 – 1 May 1896(1896-05-01) (aged 64)	5 September 1848	1 May 1896 (assassinated)	Son of Mohammad Shah	Qajar	Naser al-Din Shah of Qajar Iran
Mozaffar ad-Din Shah مظفرالدین شاه	(1853-03-23)23 March 1853 – 3 January 1907(1907-01-03) (aged 53)	1 May 1896	3 January 1907	Son of Naser al-Din Shah	Qajar	Mozaffar ad-Din Shah of Qajar Iran
Mohammad Ali Shah محمدعلی شاه	(1872-06-21)21 June 1872 – 5 April 1925(1925-04-05) (aged 52)	3 January 1907	16 July 1909 (deposed)	Son of Mozaffar ad-Din Shah	Qajar	Mohammad Ali Shah of Qajar Iran
Ahmad Shah احمد شاه	(1898-01-21)21 January 1898 – 21 February 1930(1930-02-21) (aged 32)	16 July 1909	15 December 1925 (deposed)	Son of Mohammad Ali Shah	Qajar	Ahmad Shah of Qajar Iran

Pahlavi Empire (1925–1979)

Main articles: Pahlavi Iran and Pahlavi dynasty

File:Iran (orthographic projection).svg

Map of the Pahlavi dynasty with modern international borders

Name	Lifespan	Reign start	Reign end	Notes	Family	Image
Reza Shah رضا شاه	(1878-03-15)15 March 1878 – 26 July 1944(1944-07-26) (aged 66)	15 December 1925	16 September 1941 (abdicated)	Son of Abbas-Ali Khan	Pahlavi	Reza Shah of Pahlavi Iran
Mohammad Reza Shah محمدرضا شاه	(1919-10-26)26 October 1919 – 27 July 1980(1980-07-27) (aged 60)	16 September 1941	11 February 1979 (deposed)	Son of Reza Shah	Pahlavi	Mohammad Reza Shah of Pahlavi Iran

See also

• Achaemenid Empire
• Great Civilization
• History of Iran
• List of ancient Persians
• List of royal consorts of Persia
• Monarchism in Iran
• 2,500-year celebration of the Persian Empire
• Iranian National Jewels
• List of rulers of the pre-Achaemenid kingdoms of Iran
• List of rulers of Parthian sub-kingdoms
• Islamic dynasties of Iran

Bibliography

• Assar, G.R.F., "Genealogy & Coinage of the Early Parthian Rulers. I", Parthica, 6, 2004, pp. 69–93.
• Assar, G.R.F., "Genealogy & Coinage of the Early Parthian Rulers, II a revised stemma", Parthica, 7, 2005, pp. 29–63.
• Assar, G.R.F., "Moses of Choren & the Early Parthian Chronology", Electrum, vol. 11, 2006, pp. 61–86.
• Assar, G.R.F., "A Revised Parthian Chronology of the Period 165–91 B.C.", Electrum, vol. 11, 2006, pp. 87–158.
• Assar, G.R.F., "A Revised Parthian Chronology of the Period 91–55 B.C.", Parthica, 8, 2006, pp. 55–104.
• Briant, Pierre, "From Cyrus to Alexander: A History of the Persian Empire", 2002.
• Bosworth, C. E. (1977). The Later Ghaznavids: Splendour and Decay : the Dynasty in Afghanistan and Northern India, 1040-1186. ColumbiaUniversity Press. ISBN 978-0-231-04428-8.
• Bosworth, C.E. (1996). The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual. New York City: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-10714-5.
• Cameron, George, "History of Early Iran", Chicago, 1936 (repr., Chicago, 1969; tr. E.-J. Levin, L’histoire de l’Iran antique, Paris, 1937; tr. H. Anusheh, ایران در سپیده دم تاریخ, Tehran, 1993)
• D’yakonov, I. M., "Istoriya Midii ot drevenĭshikh vremen do kontsa IV beka de e.E" (The history of Media from ancient times to the end of the 4th century BC), Moscow and Leningrad, 1956; tr. Karim Kešāvarz as Tāriḵ-e Mād, Tehran, 1966.
• Dandamaev, Muhammad A., "Persien unter den ersten Achämeniden (6. Jahrhundert v. Chr.)", tr. Heinz-Dieter Pohl, Wiesbaden, 1976.
• Qashqai, H., "The successors of Mithridates II", Bulletin of Ancient Iranian History (UCLA), vol. 5, March 2009.(in Persian)
• Henkelman, wouter. Defining Neo-Elamite History. ARTA, 2003.
• Hinz, W., "The Lost World of Elam", London, 1972 (tr. F. Firuznia, دنیای گمشده ایلام, Tehran, 1992)
• Josephus Flavius, Antiquities of the Jews.
• Justi, Ferdinand, "Iranisches Namenbuch", Tehran, Asatir, 2003.
• Legrain, Leon, "Historical Fragments", Philadelphia, The University of Pennsylvania Museum Publications of the Babylonian Section, vol. XIII, 1922.
• Majidzadeh, Yusef, "History and civilization of Elam", Tehran, Iran University Press, 1991.
• Majidzadeh, Yusef, "History and civilization of Mesopotamia", Tehran, Iran University Press, 1997, vol.1.
• Miroschedji, P. de, 'La fin du royaume de l’Ansˇan et de Suse et la naissance de l’empire perse', 1985, ZA 75, pp. 265–306.
• Nöldeke, Theodor, "Geschichte der Perser und Araber zur Zeit der Sasaniden. Aus der arabischen Chronik des Tabari übersetzt" (1879)
• Olmstead, A. T., "History of the Persian Empire", Chicago, 1948
• Plutarch, Lives.
• Polybius, The Histories.
• Potts, D. T., The Archaeology of Elam, Cambridge University Press, 1999.
• Reade, Julian E. Elam after the Assyrian Sack of Susa in 647 B.C. NABU, 2000.
• Tacitus, The Annals.
• Tavernier, Jan. Some Thoughts on Neo-Elamite Chronology. ARTA, 2004.
• The Cambridge Ancient History (14 vols.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1970–2005.
• Fischer, William B., ed. (1968). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 1: The Land of Iran. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-06935-1.
• Gershevitch, Ilya, ed. (1985). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 2: The Median and Achaemenian Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-20091-1.
• Yarshater, Ehsan, ed. (1983). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 3(1): The Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-20092-X.
• Yarshater, Ehsan, ed. (1983). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 3(2): The Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-24693-8.
• Frye, Richard N., ed. (1975). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-20093-8.
• Boyle, John Andrew, ed. (1968). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-06936-X.
• Lockhart, Laurence; Jackson, Peter, eds. (1986). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 6: The Timurid and Safavid Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-20094-6.
• Avery, Peter; Hambly, Gavin R. G.; Melville, Charles Peter, eds. (1991). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 7: From Nadir Shah to the Islamic Republic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-20095-4.
• Vallat, Francois. Elam: The History of Elam. Encyclopædia Iranica, vol. VIII pp. 301–313. London/New York, 1998.
• Vallat, Francois. Shutruk-Nahunte, Shutur-Nahunte et l'imbroglio neo-elamite. NABU, 1995.
• Vallat, Francois. Le royaume elamite de SAMATI. NABU, 1996.
• Vallat, Francois. Les pretendus fonctionnaires Unsak des texts neo-elamites et achemenides. ARTA, 2002.
• Vallat, Francois. Le royaume elamite de Zamin et les 'Letters de Nineveh'. Iranica Antique, 33, 1998. pp. 95–106.