Chinese Indonesian surname

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Many ethnic Chinese people have lived in Indonesia for many centuries. Over time, especially under social and political pressure during the New Order era, most Chinese Indonesians have adopted names that better match the local language.[1]

History of Chinese Indonesian surnames

Colonial era until 1965

During the Dutch colonial era, the Dutch administration recorded Chinese names in birth certificates and other legal documents using an adopted spelling convention that was based primarily on the Hokkien (Southern Min), the language of the majority of Chinese immigrants in the Dutch East Indies. The administrators recorded the names using the nearest Dutch spelling derived from Hokkien words, which was simplified into Ejaan Lama (lit. 'old spelling').[2] A similar thing happened in the British Malaya, where the British administrators record the names using English spelling. The spellings of names in the British Malaya and the Dutch East Indies varied because English and Dutch employed distinct spellings for identical sounds. Furthermore, as Hokkien romanization standards did not exist then, some romanized names varied slightly.

Surname in Pinyin and Chinese Pe̍h-ōe-jī Jyutping British Malaya Dutch East Indies
Chén (陈) Tîn Can4 Chan, Chin, Tan Tan
Guō (郭) Keh, Kok Gwok3 Kok, Kuok, Quek Kwee, Kwek, Kwik, Que
Huáng (黄) Hông, N̂g, Ûiⁿ Wong4 Eng, Ooi, Ng, Uwi, Wee Oei, Oeij, Oey
Lǐ (李) Lí Lei5 Lee, Li Li, Lie
Liáng (梁) Liâng, Liông, Niô, Niû Loeng4 Leong Liang, Liong
Lín (林) Nâ, Lêm, Lîm Lam4 Lim, Ling Liem
Yáng (杨) Iâng, Iôⁿ, Iûⁿ Joeng4 Yeoh Jouw, Njoo
Zhāng (杨) Tiang, Tioⁿ, Tiuⁿ Zoeng1 Teoh Teh, Teo

The spelling convention survived through the Japanese occupation (1942–1945) well into Indonesian independence (1945) and sovereignty acknowledgment by the Dutch government (1949). Since the independent Indonesian government inherited the Dutch legal system, it also survived until 1965 in Sukarno's presidential era. The Indonesian government later began changing Indonesian spelling to harmonize it with the spelling used for Malay in Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei,[3] first under the Ejaan Suwandi introduced in 1947, and again under Ejaan Yang Disempurnakan (lit. 'perfected spelling') adopted in 1972. Modifications were identified in this updated spelling system. For instance, the Dutch-influenced "oe" became "u", influenced by English. Additionally, the Dutch-style "j" underwent a shift to the English "y." Consequently, alterations in surname spellings occurred; for instance, the surname Lie became Li, Loe became Lu, Njoo became Nyoo, and Oei became Wi.

1966–1998

After Suharto came to power, his regime created many anti-Chinese legislations in Indonesia. One of them was 127/U/Kep/12/1966 which strongly encouraged ethnic Chinese living in Indonesia to adopt Indonesian-sounding names instead of the standard three-word or two-word Chinese names. Despite the Indonesianization, the Hokkien surnames are still used today by the Chinese-Indonesian diaspora overseas (mostly in the Netherlands, Germany, and the United States)—usually by Chinese-Indonesians courageous enough during Suharto's regime to keep their Chinese names (e.g. Kwik Kian Gie; 郭建义)—or by those who couldn't afford to process the name change through Indonesia's civil bureaucracy.

2000–present

After Suharto resigned from the presidency, subsequent governments revoked the ban on the ethnic Chinese from speaking and learning Chinese in public. Using the original Chinese surnames is no longer a taboo but only a small minority have decided to re-adopt the original Hokkien names or to use the Mandarin Chinese pinyin romanization, pronunciation and spelling. For example, author Maria Audrey Lukito legally changed her name to Audrey Yu Jia Hui (俞佳慧).[4][5] Individuals who retain their Indonesian names do it because they remain concerned about the persistence of racial issues, they believe non-Chinese speakers might struggle with pronunciations, it has become a habit from the New Order era, their family no longer speaks Chinese, they believe Chinese names are better when written in Hanzi, or they have never given it much thought.[6] Presently, Chinese Indonesians born in the vicinity of the New Order era, particularly between 2000 and 2003, predominantly adopt Western-sounding names. While some of these names may be associated with religions like Christianity,[7] others choose Western names because they find them appealing and meaningful, they align with current trends, offer a diverse range of choices, are inspired by Western celebrities, reflect family traditions, showcase their exposure to Western cultures, symbolize aspirations for international recognition, or simply because they prefer names that don't sound Indonesian.[6]

Approaches to adopting Indonesian-sounding names

There were various strategies that were employed to obtain an Indonesian-sounding name. Most names were Hokkien surname syllables with Western or Indonesian prefix or suffix, resulting in many exotic-sounding names. However, alternative methods were also present. Consequently, individuals with the same Chinese surname may adopt distinct Indonesian-sounding names.[1][8] Furthermore, due to the absence of regulations in the past regarding the number of names in legal documents, some Chinese Indonesians might have had an Indonesian-sounding given name without an accompanying surname. This was only addressed in 2022 through Regulation of The Minister of Home Affairs Number 73 of 2022, which stipulated the necessity of having at least two names in one's legal name in Indonesia.

Adopting an Indonesian given name whilst retaining the Chinese surname

One of the strategies to create an Indonesian name is to retain their Chinese surname as they are, but have an Indonesian-sounding given name. The placement of their Chinese surname can vary, adhering to either the Western or Chinese naming order. The most common method of adopting Indonesian-sounding names were to obtain a first name alongside an Indonesian surname with elements derived from their Chinese surname. In certain instances, the phonetic spelling of these surnames is utilized instead of their original spelling, likely to aid non-Chinese speakers in accurate pronunciation or reading of the names. In cases where the western order is maintained, their surname is placed at the end of the name. For example, Sofyan Tan placed his surname Tan (陈) at the end of his name. Other individuals who used this approach include Clara Ng, Felix Siauw, Stephen Tong, and Warren Hue. An example of a phonetic-based spelling alteration is Teddy Yip, who altered the spelling of his surname Jap (叶) into Yip. Conversely, individuals who adhered to Chinese naming customs positioned their surname at the beginning of their names. For example, Ong Yenny and Lie A. Dharmawan positioned their surnames Ong (王) and Lie (李), respectively, at the beginning of their full names. An instance of a phonetic spelling alteration is observed in Leo Suryadinata, who changed their respective surnames Liauw (廖) to Leo.

Adding Indonesian-sounding words to their Chinese surname

The prevalent approach to adopting Indonesian-sounding names involved acquiring a first name paired with an Indonesian surname incorporating elements derived from their Chinese surname. This process includes the addition of Indonesian-sounding names through paragoge, prosthesis, and epentheses between two syllables.[9] It's important to note that this method does not entail any spelling alterations in their names, ensuring that the surname remains unchanged. In the context of paragoge, Chinese Indonesians adopted Indonesian-sounding surnames by appending a suffix to their Chinese surname. As an example, Kimun Ongkosandjojo adopted his surname by combining his Chinese surname Ong (王) with the suffix -kosandjojo meaning "one who brings victory". Other examples include Lukita for Lu (吕), as used by Enggartiasto Lukita, and Tanoto for Tan (陈), as used by Sukanto Tanoto. As for adding Indonesian names as a prosthesis, Indonesian-sounding prefixes are added directly onto their Chinese surname. This is observed in Taslim and Nursalim for Lim (林), as used by Joe Taslim and Cherie Nursalim, respectively. Another method is maintaining the original Chinese surname and is placed between two syllables as an epenthesis. Examples include Sasongko for Ong (王) and Johanes for Han (韩). In certain instances, this approach is used by placing the surname at the beginning of the full name, following Chinese naming customs. As an example, Loekito Sudirman placed Loekito, derived from Loe (吕), before his Indonesian given name Sudirman.[10]

Adding Indonesian-sounding words to the phonetic spelling of their Chinese surname

Chinese surnames are combined with Indonesian-sounding names through minor modifications of their Chinese surnames. This process often involves adopting a phonetic spelling.[11] Similar to incorporating Indonesian-sounding names directly to their Chinese surnames, epentheses are employed.[9] This is the most common method employed.[1] Illustrating this method is Eka Tjipta Widjaja, who constructed his surname by phonetically incorporating Oei (黄), represented as Wi- as a paragoge, and appending the suffix -djaja, meaning "victory". This approach is frequently employed by individuals with the surname Oei (黄) and Wei (魏), leading to the emergence of various names with the suffix wi-, including Wijaya, Winata, and Wiyoko. Other examples include Danandjaja for Tan (陈), as used by James Danandjaja, Pangestu for Phang (彭) and Phang (冯), as used by Prajogo Pangestu and Mari Pangestu, respectively, and Muljoto for Njoo (杨) used by Agnez Mo.[12][13]

Adopting an actual Indonesian surname

During the reign of Suharto, Indonesian families may have given their family name to a Chinese person to facilitate their name alterations.[1] Alternatively, some Chinese Indonesians opted for an actual Indonesian surname to better assimilate with neighboring ethnic groups.[14] For instance, the surname Lembong, which is of Minahasan origin,[15] is used by Tom Lembong, with the surname Ong (汪).[16] Lembong's father resided in Manado, the ancestral homeland of the Minahasan ethnic group, implying a possible adoption of Indonesian surnames influenced by the region's geography or neighboring ethnic communities.[17] Another example of this phenomenon is the Moluccan surname Afaratu.[15] Initially exclusive to individuals of the Tanimbarese ethnic group native to the Maluku, this surname has recently been identified among Chinese Indonesians with Hokkien ancestry.[18] Do note that this is different from the adoption of existing Indonesian surnames due to interracial marriages.

Examples of Individuals Employing this Method
Chinese Name Pe̍h-ōe-jī Indonesian Name Adopted Indonesian Surname

and Associated Ethnic Group[15]

Lo Siang Hien (罗祥兴) Lô Siông Hin Lo Siang Hien Ginting Ginting, Batak Karo
Ng Iau Han (黄耀汉) N̂g Iāu Hàn Efendi Hansen Ng Sinulingga[19] Sinulingga, Batak Karo
Ong Joe San (汪友山) Ong Iú San Eddie Lembong[20] Lembong, Minahasan
Wang Lian Wang (汪連旺)[16] Ong Liân Ōng Thomas Trikasih Lembong Lembong, Minahasan
Tjan Tjoen Hok (曾春福)[21] Chan Chhun Hok Harry Tjan Silalahi Silalahi, Batak Toba
Tjoa Ah Hing (蔡亚兴)[22] Chhòa A Hin Tony Sumampau Sumampau, Minahasan
Tjoa Ah Sjan (蔡亚声)[22] Chhòa A Sêng Jansen Manansang Manansang, Sangirese

Translating their Chinese given names or surnames

In employing this strategy, individuals translate their Chinese name into Indonesian, Indonesian regional languages, or common non-native names in Indonesia, such as those with Arabic or Sanskrit influence. For example, Sofjan Wanandi translated his surname Liem (林), which meant "forest", to the old Javanese word "wana". Furthermore, he also added the male suffix -ndi, resulting in the surname Wanandi.[23] In a newspaper article from 1967, now archived at the National Library of Indonesia, a guide recommended the adoption of Indonesian words as new names for Chinese Indonesians. The article provided direct translations of the meanings of Chinese words, leading to the creation of potential new names for individuals of Chinese descent. For instance, individuals bearing the name Kok (国), which signifies "country", might possess names with the Indonesian translation "negara". Likewise, individuals with the name Ong (王), meaning "king", might have names associated with the words "raja" or "ratu".

Including only Chinese given names in their Indonesian-sounding name

In this approach, the surname is typically completely excluded, while at least one of the individual's given names is retained. When incorporating both given names into their Indonesian-sounding names, significant spelling alterations may occur, but the phonetics generally remain the same or similar.[9] Most commonly, the entirety of an individual's Chinese given name is used in their Indonesian-sounding name. As an example, Mochtar Riady adapted his Chinese given name, Lie Mo Tie (李文正), by transforming Mo to Moch- and Tie to -tar in his Indonesian name. His surname was ultimately excluded. Likewise, Teddy Jusuf utilized his Chinese given name, Him Tek Jie (熊德怡), by converting Tek to Ted- and Jie to -dy in his Indonesian name. In rare instances, only one of the Chinese given names is included in an individual's Indonesian-sounding name. Christiandy Sanjaya, for example, only integrated San from his Chinese name Bong Hon San (黄汉山; N̂g Hàn Suann) into his Indonesian name. He also added the Sanskrit-derived suffix -jaya, which meant "victory".

Adopting Indonesian-sounding names without parts of their Chinese names

In some cases, the adopted Indonesian-sounding name bears no connection whatsoever to their Chinese name. Sutanto Djuhar's name, for example, lacks any elements from his Chinese name, Liem Oen Kian (林文镜; Lîm Bûn Kèng).

Examples of Chinese surnames and their Indonesian-sounding adoptions

The table is arranged in alphabetical order according to Pinyin. It is important to highlight that the table includes only spellings based on the currently-used Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia yang Disempurnakan. However, it’s important to note that some surnames may appear with older spelling variants, such as Ejaan Lama, or a combination of both current and older systems. For example, the surname Wijaya might be spelled as Widjaja, Widjaya, or less commonly, Oeidjaja. Likewise, Sucipto could be found as Soetjipto, Soecipto, or Sutjipto.

Surname and Pinyin Hokkien and Teochew Cantonese Hakka Dutch East Indies Indonesian-sounding adaptations
安 (Ān) An, Ang, Oan, Uan On On An, Ngon Anandra,[24] Ananta,[24] Andy,[24] Anita,[24] Hadi[20]
白 (Bái) Beh, Peeh, Peh, Pek, Piak Baak, Bak Phak Pee, Peh, Pek Fatimah,[12] Pekasa,[25] Pekerti,[25] Peris,[25] Purnomo,[10] Wongsorejo[20]
鲍 (Bào) Bao, Pâu Baau, Bau Pau Pou, Pouw Pualam,[25] Purnama,[25] Sastrajaya[20]
贝 (Bèi) Bue, Bui, Poe Boi, Bui Bi, Pi Pui Sudarto[26]
蔡 (Cài) Chhai, Chhoa, Cua Coi, Toi Chhai Tjhai, Tjhoa, Tjhoea, Tjhoi, Tjhua, Tjo, Tjoa, Tjoea, Tjua Agustin,[1] Anthony,[10] Budianto,[26] Cahya,[25] Cahyadi,[24] Cahyo,[24] Ceha,[12] Cohara,[24] Cuaca,[10] Cuandi,[25] Effendy,[10] Halim,[20] Harjamulya,[12] Irman,[26] Joakin,[25] Manansang,[20] Muliawan,[26] Satyawardaya,[20] Sujono,[10] Sulaiman,[12] Sunarso,[1] Surya,[26] Susanto,[27] Tirtakusuma,[26] Wonowijoyo[20]
曹 (Cáo) Cao, Cho Cou, Tau Chho Djau, Jau, Jauw, Tjho, Tjo, Tjou Cokro,[1] Cokroraharjo,[25] Jasa,[10] Laksamana,[10] Sarana,[26] Susanto,[26] Vonco[25]
常 (Cháng) Siang, Sien, Sion, Siong, Siun Siang, Soeng Song Song Kristian,[10] Sukma[28]
陈 (Chén) Cing, Dang, Ding, Tan, Tin, Ting Can, Cin Chhun Tan, Tjan, Tjhin Adil,[12] Amin,[20] Ananta,[20] Buana,[12] Buasan,[20] Budi,[12] Budianta,[12] Budiman,[20] Candinegara,[20] Chandra,[12] Chendra,[29] Chendriadi,[29] Cula,[12] Dananjaya,[20] Daritan,[25] Darmawan,[20] Dinata,[1] Gunawan,[10] Harjosusilo,[12] Hartanto,[25] Hartanu,[25] Hartono,[25] Haryono,[12] Hasan,[20] Hertanto,[25] Intan,[25] Irtanto,[10] Iskandar,[20] Ismanto,[20] Jonatan,[25] Kartajaya,[20] Kartanegara,[20] Karyadi,[12] Kinan,[10] Lolita,[10] Lukman,[26] Mananta,[30] Martoyo,[31] Marwoto,[12] Mawira,[12] Mulyono,[26] Pitoby,[26] Pohan,[10] Prawoto,[12] Raharjo,[20] Robida,[10] Santosa,[29] Santoso,[25] Satyadiningrat,[20] Setiabudi,[20] Setianto,[12] Setiawan,[25] Setyodiningrat,[12] Setyonegoro,[32] Suhartono,[10] Sukowiyono,[20] Sumanto,[20] Sumantri,[26] Sumardi,[10] Susanto,[10] Susastro,[33] Sutanto,[34] Sutanu,[20] Sutiarto,[26] Sutyanto,[20] Syamsuddin,[12] Tanadi,[25] Tanamal,[1] Tanandar,[25] Tanardo,[25] Tanasal,[25] Tanaya,[25] Tandana,[32] Tandanu,[25] Tandi (Tandy),[10][25] Tandiari,[10] Tandika,[25] Tandiono,[20] Tandoko,[25] Tandubuana,[25] Tandyawasesa,[26] Tanesha,[25] Tania,[25] Tanizal,[25] Tanjiria,[25] Tanjung,[25] Tanojo,[25] Tanoto,[20] Tansil (Tanzil),[10][35] Tanta,[10] Tantama,[25] Tanti,[1] Tanto,[24] Tantomo,[25] Tantra,[1] Tanu,[25] Tanubrata,[25] Tanudisastro,[25] Tanujaya,[12][20] Tanumiharja,[25] Tanusaputra,[25] Tanusudibyo,[20] Tanutama,[25] Tanuwibowo,[26] Tanuwijaya,[24] Taslim,[36] Thamrin,[26] Tirtasana,[25] Viriyanto,[10] Wijaya,[12] Winarta,[20] Winata,[26][25] Wirahadi,[25] Young[20]
程 (Chéng) Teng, Thee, Theng, Thian, Tian Cing Chhang Seng, Sjiung, Thia, Thnia, Thian, Tjing Ali,[10] Andelma,[1] Sawahanto,[1] Sengani,[24] Susanto[31]
成 (Chéng) Chhian, Chian, Cian, Sian, Seng, Zian Cing, Sen, Seng, Siang, Sing Sang, Sun
崔 (Cūi) Chhui, Cui Ceoi Chhui, Cui Tjoey Faustine[10]
戴 (Dài) Dai, Di, Do, Tai, Te, Ter, Ti Ai, Daai Tai Te, Tee, Thee Kinarto,[10] Patros,[20] Suteja,[25] Teja,[25][26] Tejamulia,[25] Tejarukmana,[25] Tejasukmana,[25] Tejokumoro,[25] Teriandy,[10] Thomas[10]
邓 (Dèng) Deng, Teng Ang, Daang Then Tang, Teng Ateng,[25] Tenggara,[25] Tengger,[25] Tranggono[25]
丁 (Dīng) Deng, Teng Ding, En Ten Teng, Ting
董 (Dǒng) Dang, Dong, Tang, Tong Dung Dung, Tung Tang Lintang[10]
杜 (Dù) Dou, To Dou, U Tu, Thu Tou, Touw Basri[10]
范 (Fàn) Hoan, Huam, Huang Faan Fam Fam, Hoan, Hwan, Van Famita,[25] Fandi,[25] Fania,[25] Handoko,[25] Hoana,[25] Hoanike,[25] Hoanita,[25] Hoanoto,[25] Limantara[25]
方 (Fāng) Bang, Beng, Bung, Hng, Hong, Huang, Pang, Png, Puin Fong Fong Pheng, Phui, Poei, Poeij, Poeng, Poey Frans,[10] Pribadi,[25] Prihandi,[25] Pujiadi,[25] Yulia[10]
房 (Fáng) Bang, Hong, Pang, Phong, Pong Fong Fong, Piong Phong, Pong
冯 (Féng) Bang, Hong, Pang Fung, Fuung Phung Hoeng, Pang, Phang Arif,[20] Effendi,[12] Fangestu,[25] Fungestu,[25] Pangestu,[20] Wiliadinata[26]
符 (Fú) Hu Fu Fu, Phu Hoe Hussy[10]
傅 (Fù) Bou, Hu, Po Fu Fu Pou, Pouw Irawan,[20] Priyatna[26]
甘 (Gān) Gam, Kam, Kan Gam Kam Gam, Kam Gandimiharja,[1] Prayetno[10]
高 (Gāo) Gao, Go, Kau Gau, Gou Ko Ko, Kouw Koco,[12] Kosasih,[12] Saleh[20]
古 (Gǔ) Khoe, Koo Khu, Ku Hioe, Hiu Kho, Koe, Koo, Kou, Kouw, Kow Basri,[1] Hendarta,[26] Iskandar,[10] Komar,[25] Kosasih (Khosasih),[25] Kowara,[25] Kumala,[10] Kurnia,[25] Kurniadi,[25] Kurniawan,[25] Kusika,[25] Kusnadi,[25] Kusno,[26] Kusuma,[25] Nawing,[10] Suripto[12]
关 (Guān) Guang, Guen, Gueng, Koan, Koen, Kuin Gan, Gwaan Guan, Koan Khoan Honggandi,[37] Johan,[1][10] Kantono,[38] Karlam,[26] Kasman,[26] Kosasih,[10] Raharjo[26]
郭 (Guō) Guag, Gueh, Keh, Kerh, Koeh, Kok Gwok, Kok Kok Kho, Koe, Kok, Kwee, Kwik, Kwok, Oe Cokrosaputro,[12][20] Darmawan,[10] Gunawan,[12][20] Kartawiharja,[24] Kasigit,[12] Kumala,[12] Kuncoro,[25] Kurnia,[12] Kurniawan,[25] Kusmita,[12] Kusnadi,[12] Kusuma,[20] Kusumawijaya,[25] Kusumo,[24] Mintarjo,[12] Paramitha,[12] Prasetyo,[12] Santoso,[12] Situwanda,[10] Somadi,[12] Susanto,[12] Valentina,[10] Winata[20]
韩 (Hán) Han, Hang Hon Hon Han Burhan,[29] Handaya,[24] Handijaya,[25] Handoko,[25] Handoyo,[25] Hanggar,[29] Hanjaya,[25] Hanjoyo,[24] Hantoro,[24] Hanurakin,[37] Pernollo,[12] Suhandi[25]
何 (Hé) Ho, Oa Ho Ho Ho, Hoo Hartono,[25] Haryanto,[39] Hendra,[12] Hendrawan,[25] Hengky,[25] Herho,[25] Honoris,[20] Hosea,[10] Nugroho,[12] Setiawan,[20] Wijaya[10]
贺 (Hè) Ho Ho Fo, Ho Ho, Hok Martinus,[10] Pribadi[32]
洪 (Hóng) Ang, Hong Hung Fung Ang, Hoeng Aang,[12] Abraham,[25] Andyanto,[25] Angela,[25] Anggakusuma,[25] Anggawarsito,[25] Anggodo,[25] Anggono,[25] Anggoro,[25] Anggraini,[1] Anggriawan,[25] Angkadireja,[25] Angkasa,[25] Angkiat,[25] Angryanto,[25] Angsana,[29] Angwar,[1] Arbi,[12] Darsono,[26] Rahmat,[26] Sanggalo,[25] Suryaatmaja,[12] Suryadi,[20] Sutarti,[10] Tahir,[40] Toindo,[1] Wahyudi,[12] Wardhana[12]
候 (Hòu) Hao, Hau, Hio, Ho Hau Heu Hauw Minarto[26]
胡 (Hú) Ho, Hu, O, Ou Vu, Wu Fu Aw, Auw, Ou, Ouw Harsono,[20] Husino,[20] Syarifudin[10]
黄 (Huáng) Hong, Wang, Ui Wong, Vong Wung Bong, Ng, Oei, Oeij, Oey, Ui, Wee, Whie, Wi, Wong Alianto,[10] Budiningsih,[1] Darmawan,[20] Darwis,[25] Fajrin,[20] Hadiwinata,[1] Hartono,[41] Jingga,[25] Kaliana,[20] Karim,[20] Kariman,[20] Marching,[20] Ngadiman,[25] Ngadimin,[25] Ngadimo,[25] Osteven,[26] Permatasari,[10] Rahmat,[12] Ridwan,[20] Sabu,[10] Sanjaya,[20] Secadiningrat,[12] Setiawan,[20] Sia,[12] Sugianto,[26] Sukowidono,[1] Sumanto,[20] Sumawi,[20] Supratikno,[20] Syarif,[26] Tumenggung,[12] Uray,[20] Usman,[26] Wahidin,[26] Wahyudi,[10] Wantah,[26] Wibisono,[20] Wibowo,[1][26] Widagdo,[1] Widiatmo,[25] Widodo,[1] Widyaningrat,[12] Widyono,[12] Wiguna,[12] Wiharja,[1][12] Wiharto,[1] Wijaya,[1][20] Wijayakusuma,[10] Wijoseno,[1] Wikarso,[10] Wikarta,[1] Willy (Willys),[25] Winardi,[25] Winarto,[25] Winata,[1][25] Winatan,[25] Windra,[25] Winoto,[25] Wiraatmaja,[25] Wiranata,[25] Wirya,[25] Wiryanto,[25] Wiryo,[25] Wiryono,[25] Wisanto,[25] Witular,[25] Wiyadi,[10] Wiyanarko,[25] Wiyono,[25] Wongkar,[25] Wuisan,[25] Wullur[20]
霍 (Huò) Hok Fok Vok Fok Darmadi[12]
纪 (Jǐ) Gi, Ki Geik Ki Ki, Kie, Tjhie, Tjie Barki,[20] Hadinata[42]
江 (Jiāng) Gang, Kang Gong Kong Kang, Khiong, Kiang, Kong Budiman,[32] Kangean,[25] Konjaya,[10] Murni,[10] Sutomo,[12] Yahya[26]
金 (Jīn) Gim, Ging, Kem, Kim Gam, Gim Kim Keh, Tjing Kencanawati,[12] Sugimin[1]
柯 (Kē) Gua, Kho, Ko, Koa O Kho Koa, Kua, Kwa, Kwaa Secakusuma,[12] Utomo[20]
邝 (Kuàng) Kong, Kuang - Fong, Kwong Kuang Kondoh,[10] Kongdoro,[10] Mulya[26]
赖 (Lài) Lai, Loa, Lua, Nai, Noa Laai, Lai Lai Lai, Laij, Lay, Loa, Lua, Luo Irawan,[1] Laiherman,[25] Laimena,[25] Lainera,[29] Lais,[25] Laiyar,[29] Lasuk,[29] Lasuki,[25] Lohananta,[1] Lohanda,[1][20] Rasidin,[10] Sasmita,[10] Setiadi[26]
兰 (Lán) Lan, Lang Laan Lan Lan Lany,[12] Liana[43]
黎 (Lí) Le, Li, Loi Lai Lai, Li Laij, Le, Lee, Li Layendra[10]
李 (Lǐ) Li Lei Li Lee, Li, Lie Adidarma,[12] Ali,[20] Aliwarga,[25] Boddhihiya,[12] Cahyo,[12] Darma,[20] Darmali,[25] Dipojuwono,[20] Efendi,[31] Elly,[10] Gozeli,[20] Gunawan,[20] Hakim,[26] Hidayat,[1] Kartikahadi,[12] Koty,[10] Kusumo,[26] Laksamanda,[25] Laksana,[25] Laksono,[25] Lamono,[25] Lamsano,[25] Lanandi,[25] Ledesma, Leman,[1] Lemandau,[25] Lemanjaya,[25] Lembata,[25] Leonardo,[25] Lesmana,[25] Lianto,[25] Liberman,[25] Libriani,[1] Licindo,[25] Licharli,[25] Lidarto,[25] Lieus,[12] Lika,[26] Likhwan,[10] Liman (Lyman),[1][20] Limantika,[25] Limanto,[44] Limena,[25] Linata,[25] Listiohadi,[25] Litelnoni,[20] Livai,[25] Liyanto,[20] Liyono,[25] Mahatirta,[26] Meirobi,[10] Mulia,[1] Muliono,[1] Mulyadi,[10] Mursali,[1] Muslina,[1] Nauli,[25] Pujianto,[12] Ramali,[25] Ramli,[25] Riady,[20] Romuli,[25] Rusli,[26] Sadeli,[20] Sarumaha,[10] Sujatmiko,[20] Sulistio,[1] Sunasli,[32] Suparmin,[26] Suryono,[20] Suwondo,[20] Wahyadiyatmika,[10] Winarko,[10] Wiraatmaja,[12] Wuisan,[20] Yahya,[12] Yulianto[25]
连 (Lián) Hian, Len, Liam, Lian, Liang, Lieng Len, Lin Lien Lem, Lian, Nie Lembang,[26] Lembong[10]
梁 (Liáng) Liang, Liong, Nien, No, Nion, Niu Liang, Loeng Liong Liang, Nio, Niouw Antonio,[25] Arif,[20] Dewi,[20] Graha,[10] Irawan,[10] Kurniawan,[45] Latif,[28] Liando,[25] Liangani,[25] Nagaria,[26] Nagazaki,[1] Neonardi,[25] Nurjaman,[25] Nurtani,[10] Nurtanio,[25] Rovanio,[25] Santosa,[20] Santoso[10]
辽 (Liáo) Liao, Liau, Liou Liau, Liu Liau Liao, Liauw Arfandy,[26] Leo,[26] Maulana,[10] Susanto[26]
廖 (Liào)
林 (Lín) Lem, Lim, Na, Nan Lam, Lim, Lem Lim Liem, Lim Abubakar,[10] Alim,[20] Baroleh,[25] Benly,[10] Budiharjo,[10] Chandra,[10] Chondrowajoyo,[26] Durianto,[20] Halim,[20] Haliman,[25] Halimkusuma,[25] Harkata,[12] Herlambang,[10] Hidayat,[12] Jaya,[20] Juhar,[20] Kalona,[12] Kamil,[20] Karya,[20] Kurniawan,[31] Leman,[1] Liman,[25] Limandau,[25] Limandi,[25] Limansubronoto,[25] Limantara,[25] Limanto,[25] Limantoro,[25] Limarta,[25] Limawan,[25] Limasi,[10] Limiadi,[25] Limianto,[25] Limiardi,[25] Limiarja,[25] Limiati,[25] Limiputra,[25] Linanto,[25] Linardi,[25] Linda,[10] Linus,[25] Lumenta,[25] Malik,[12] Matius,[46] Mulialim,[25] Mulyadi,[12] Mursalim,[25] Musalim,[1] Muslim,[25] Nalukas,[32] Nastalim,[25] Nurimba,[20] Nursalim,[47] Pribadi,[12] Raharja,[20] Ruslim,[25] Salim,[20] Sampurna,[20] Satyalim,[25] Setyadi,[12] Sidhunata,[12] Subrata,[10] Sucipto,[31] Sugiarto,[20] Sugiharto,[10] Suharlim,[25] Sujatmiko,[20] Sulim,[1] Sulistio,[10] Sumitomo,[10] Sunasto,[12] Surya,[12] Suryana,[26] Susanto,[12] Susilo,[48] Sutanto,[12] Talim,[25] Talin,[25] Waworuntu,[26] Witarsa,[20] Wono,[25] Yanto[12]
凌 (Líng) Leng Ling Leng Lin Thamlin[26]
刘 (Liú) Lao, Lau, Liu Lau, Liu Liu Lao, Lau, Lauw, Law, Liew, Lioe Antonius,[10] Fernardo,[10] Hanafi,[12] Jaelawijaya,[49] Kabulloh,[26] Karyadi,[12] Lauvin,[25] Lawang,[25] Lawani,[20] Lawanto,[25] Lawardi,[25] Lawijaya,[1], Lawis,[25] Lawita,[1] Lawrence,[25] Laya,[25] Leo,[10] Lovin,[25] Lukito,[12] Meilinda,[36] Mulawarman,[25] Nuralan,[26] Pahlawan,[25] Pranoto,[10] Rosadi,[12] Setiawan,[1] Wijaya,[20] Yahya,[20] Yanti,[10] Zecha[32]
楼 (Lóu) Lau, Lio, Lo Lau, Leu Leu Lauw, Loe
卢 (Lú) Lo, Lou, Lu Lou, Lu Lu Lou, Louw Wijaya[10]
陆 (Lù) Lak, Leg, Liok, Log, Lok Luk, Luuk Liuk Liok, Liuk, Loek, Luk Lukali,[25] Lukita,[25] Lukito,[12] Lukman,[25] Lukmantoro,[25] Luwiharto[12]
吕 (Lǚ) Le, Li, Lir, Lu Leoi, Lui Li Li, Loe, Loei, Lu Hamzah,[26] Lukita,[20] Lukito,[12] Luksono,[25] Lukmanto,[25] Luna,[25] Lunardy,[25] Lusanto,[25] Tirtakusuma[10]
罗 (Luó) Lo Lo Lo Lo, Loh, Loo, Lou, Ro Kurniawan,[50] Lofunta,[1] Lokasari,[1] Lolang,[25] Louris,[25] Lukman,[10] Lumampaw,[10][36] Robert,[25] Robin,[25] Rohana,[25] Rohani,[25] Rosiana,[25] Rowanto,[25] Rowi,[25] Susilo,[26] Samalo[25]
马 (Mǎ) Be, Bee, Bhe, Ma Ma, Maa Ma Be, Bhe, Ma, Mah Sulendro,[20] Wijaya[20]
麦 (Mài) Beeh, Beh, Bek, Bheh, Biak Maak, Mak Mag, Mak Mak Syukur[10]
莫 (Mò) Boh, Bok, Mog Mok Mok Bok, Moh, Mok Mokhtar[20]
倪 (Ní) Ge, Ghoi, Ngi Ngai Nga Ge, Gee, Ngie, Nie Hidrayat[10]
欧阳

(Ōuyáng)

Aoiang, Auiang, Auiong, Oiong Aujeong Euyong Auwjong, Auwyang, Ojong, Oyong Sidharta[12]
潘 (Pān) Phoan, Phun, Puan, Pung Pun Phan Bwa, Phan, Phnua, Phoa, Phoan, Phwa, Poen Bunardi,[10] Pandega,[25] Panduwirja,[25] Pansawira,[25] Pribadi,[12] Pualam,[25] Pualamsyah,[25] Purnomo,[31] Suprana,[20] Supandi,[1] Wisaksana,[20] Trenggono[10]
彭 (Péng) Pen, Phen, Pheng, Phi Paang, Pang Phang Phang, Phee, Phne Narthavirosa,[10] Pangalila,[29] Panganiban,[29] Pangestu,[20] Panghehar,[29] Pangilinan,[29] Pangkey,[29] Pirngadi,[51] Pitrajaya,[10] Supangat[1]
秦 (Qín) Chin, Cing Ceon, Tun Chhin, Qin Tjin Mardanus[26]
邱 (Qiū) Khiu, Khu, Kiu, Ku Hiu, Jau Hiu Hioe, Kauw, Khoe, Khu Cinora,[10] Hendra,[26] Husen,[10] Kokoh,[10] Komar,[25] Kosasih (Khosasih, Khoosasi),[20] Kowara,[25] Kumala,[25] Kurnia,[1] Kurniadi,[25] Kurniawan,[25] Kurniawati,[36] Kusiana,[1] Kusika,[25] Kusnadi,[1] Kusniaty,[26] Kusuma,[25] Kusumawan,[10] Sasanasurya,[20] Sudarmono,[10] Surya,[26] Tirtawinata[12]
全 (Quán) Cuang, Cueng, Chng, Choan, Chuin Cyun, Tun Chhion Kwan Kuanna[25]
饶 (Ráo) Jiau, Liau, Riao Jiu Ngieu Djiauw, Jauw, Nyao, Nyauw Admajaya,[12] Harjono,[12] Jayadarta,[25] Jayadi,[25] Johari[25]
容 (Róng) Iong Jung, Yuung Yung Joeng Budiono[26]
沈 (Shěn) Sim Sam, Sim Sum Siem, Sim, Sun Budiharjo,[25] Hasim,[10] Islamy,[12] Kasiman, Rochimat,[10] Samudro,[25] Simargi,[25] Sumardi,[25] Sunardi,[25] Susanti,[10] Yansen,[25] Yatsen,[25] Yusuf[20]
施 (Shī) Si, Soa Si Su Si, Sie Cahyadi,[20] Lesmana,[20] Notowijoyo,[20] Sanusi,[10] Sidharta,[25] Sijaya,[25] Sinarta,[25] Siputra[25]
石 (Shí) Chioh, Sek, Set, Sia, Siak, Zieh, Zioh Sek, Siak Sag, Sak Cioh, Sek, Sik, Tjioh, Tjiok Seinal[10]
史 (Shǐ) Sai, Se, Si, Sir, Su Lhu, Si Su Soe Budiman,[52] Seinal,[10] Suganda,[1] Sutrawan[20]
司徒 (Sītú) Situ, Sirto, Suto Lhuhu, Sitou Suthu Seto, Sieto, Soeto, Suto Lutansito,[25] Sihu,[25] Suhu,[25] Suhuyanli,[25] Sitou,[25] Szeto,[25] Yosito[25]
苏 (Sū) So, Sou Lhu, Sou Su So, Soe, Sou, Souw, Su Anastasia,[10] Budiarso,[12] Solihin,[25] Soriano, Sosro,[25] Sosrojoyo,[12] Sudarto,[12] Suganda,[25] Suhandinata,[12] Suker,[25] Sunardi,[25] Suriarti,[32] Surya,[25] Suryo,[25] Susanto,[10] Suwarno,[25] Suwandi[25]
孙 (Sūn) Seng, Sng, Suin, Sun, Sung Lhun, Syun Sun Sng, Soen, Sun Sunardi,[25] Sunarto,[25] Sundoro,[25] Sunjoyo,[25] Sungkono,[1] Sunny,[25] Sunur,[20] Suwandi,[25] Suwendi,[25] Wijaya[20]
谭 (Tán) Tam, Tan, Tham Ham, Taam Tam, Tham Ham, Tham Hamdani,[26] Tabaluyan,[12] Tamin,[1] Tamira[1]
汤 (Tāng) Teng, Thng, Thong Hong, Tong Thong Thng, Thoeng, Thung Arief,[12] Haliman,[26] Tirtawijaya[20], Tungka[32]
唐 (Táng) Deng, Tang, Thang, Tng, Tong Hong, Tong Thong Teng, Thong, Tng, Tong Motet,[12] Tenggara[10]
滕 (Téng) Teng Tang Thin Teng, Thang, Theng, Tng Hardi,[10] Nangoi,[12] Tangkau,[10] Temenggung[12]
田 (Tián) Tian, Tiang, Tieng Hen, Tin Tien, Thien Thien Setiandi[26]
涂 (Tú) To, Tho, Tu, Tou Tou Do Tho, Thou, Thouw Thosatria[10]
汪 (Wāng) Ong, Uang Wong Vong Ang, Hong, Oei, Ong, Wang, Wee, Wong Am,[12] Baguna,[1] Bonggo,[25] Bunandi,[10] Darmadi,[12] Darmansyah,[12] Dharmawangsa,[25] Enggano,[25] Esmara,[20] Gosal,[10] Hamid,[20] Haditono,[53] Himawan,[20] Husni,[20] Kurniawan,[26] Lembong,[20] Mranata,[26] Nawangwulan,[1] Onggano,[25] Onggo,[25] Ongkawati,[31] Ongko,[12] Ongkovikjoyo,[54] Ongkosanjoyo, Ongkowijaya,[25] Otong,[1] Pranata,[25] Priyatno,[37] Raja,[25] Rahmanata,[20] Rusli,[12] Sasongko,[25] Setiawan,[12] Sindhunatha,[20] Surianto,[26] Sumitro,[25] Surya,[12] Susanti,[20] Sutyanto, Suwandi,[12] Wangsa,[25] Wangsadinata,[25] Wangsaputra,[25] Waskito,[25] Wijaya,[12] Wiranata,[20] Wongkar, Wongso,[12] Wongsojoyo,[25] Wongsoseputra,[20] Wongsowinoto[10]
王 (Wáng) Heng, Ng, Ong, Uang Wung, Wong Vong
魏 (Wèi) Ghui, Gui, Ngui Ngai Ngui Goei, Goey, Gui, Ngoei, Wei, Wi Anton,[20] Budikusuma,[20] Elka,[10] Gunardi,[10] Gunawan,[12] Hartono,[26] Wijaya,[25] Wiratama[20]
温 (Wēn) Un, Ung Vun, Wan Vun Boen, Oen, Wen, Woen, Wun Basirun,[25] Benjamin,[25] Budiman,[12] Budiono,[25] Bunaidi,[25] Bunawan,[25] Bunda,[25] Bunjamin (Bunyamin),[25] Buntara,[10] Buntaran,[25] Darmohusodo,[20] Elkana,[12] Gunawan,[25] Lukman,[26] Pujiwati,[31] Purnomo,[31] Setiawan,[12] Sulaksono,[12] Suharjo,[1] Suwandi,[12] Suwargana,[12] Tahrir,[31] Unang,[25] Untoro,[31] Utomo,[20] Wiguna,[25] Wendi,[25] Wenkiriwang,[1] Yanto,[31] Yuliani[31]
乌, 邬 (Wū) O, Ou, U Wu Vu Go, Goh, Gou, Gouw, Gu, Ing, Kho, Khoe, Ko, Ng, Wou, Wu Angkosubroto,[20] Bagus,[25] Dirgagunarsa,[12] Ganjar,[12] Gautama,[12] Geniusaharja,[26] Gomarga,[12] Gondasetra,[12] Gondo,[1] Gondokusumo,[12] Gondowijoyo,[12] Gono,[25] Gossidhy,[25] Gotama,[25] Govino,[25] Gozal,[26] Gozali,[20] Gunadi,[25] Gunardi,[25] Gunarsa,[20] Gunawan,[12] Halim,[10] Harjonagoro,[20] Hartono,[26] Husien,[26] Japri,[36] Kusuma,[20] Lunandi,[20] Margono,[25] Mergonoto,[37] Masrini,[12] Nadesul,[12] Purnomo,[12] Prayogo,[25] Setiady,[10] Subroto,[12] Sudargo,[26] Sudirgo,[25] Sugondo,[25] Sumargo,[25] Suryo,[55] Susanto,[26] Sutedy,[26] Unggul,[10] Utama,[25] Widargo,[25] Wuraingan,[32] Wurianto,[25] Yoga[25]
吴 (Wú) Ghou, Go, Ngo M, Ng Ng
伍, 仵 (Wǔ) Go, Ngo, Ngou M, Ng Ng
武 (Wǔ) Bhu, Bu Mou, Mu Vu
萧 (Xiāo) Siao, Siau, Sio, Siou Lhiau, Siu Seu Siao, Siauw, Sieuw, Sio Guinata,[10] Santoso,[31] Saputra,[10] Sugiharto,[10] Suwahyu,[26] Swastika,[12] Wijaya[31]
谢 (Xiè) Chia, Sia, Zia Die, Ze Chhia Che, Cia, Sie, Thia, Tjhia, Tjia, Tjie Cahyadi,[1] Cahyana,[25] Cahyono,[12] Ciasmanto,[25] Ciawi,[25] Ciawijaya,[25] Chandra,[25] Gunawan,[12] Hidayat,[12] Indriatno,[12] Jaya,[12] Sakti,[26] Setiawan,[26] Siady,[10] Sinar,[25] Sindoro,[25] Sito,[25] Sudarmadi,[25] Sudarso,[25] Suryajaya,[20] Syahputra, Siahaya, Sukri,[10] Syarif,[26] Syaril [26]
幸 (Xìng) Heng Hang Hen Hen Husada[10]
向 (Xiàng) An, Ng, Hian, Hiang, Hiong Hoeng Hiong Hiang, Ng Hartono[56]
熊 (Xióng) Him, Hing, Hiong Hung Yung Hiem, Him Hartono,[26] Yusuf[12]
徐 (Xú) Ce, Chhi, Si, Sir, Su Ceoi, Tui Chhì Chee, Chi, Djie, Hsu, Shui, Swie, Tjhie, Tjie Bunarso,[26] Ciputra,[57] Hartawan,[26] Kuswandi,[25] Lusi,[31] Pujiati, Santosa,[26] Tilaar,[20]
许 (Xǔ) He, Hi, Hir, Hu, Kho, Khu, Kou Heoi, Hui Hi Che, Hie, Hoei, Hoey, Kho, Khou, Khouw, Khu, Ko, Kon, Kow, Tji Christiaji,[24] Darmaji,[24] Darmono,[26] Hakim,[20] Hamdani,[10] Hidayat,[1] Kahono,[12] Karmawan,[20] Kartasasmita,[32] Kartika,[12] Kholil,[25] Kodinata,[25] Komar,[25] Komara,[25] Komarudin,[25] Kosasih (Khosasih),[25][36] Kowara,[25] Kumala,[25] Kumarga,[12] Kurnia,[25] Kurniadi,[25] Kurniawan,[25] Kusika,[25] Kusnadi,[25] Kusno,[12] Kusuma,[25] Kusumo,[25] Kuswandi,[25] Mulyadi,[20] Permana,[10] Setiawan,[12] Setiono,[20] Srimulat,[20] Sukowati,[12] Sulaiman,[26] Sulendro,[12] Sunarko,[12] Suripto[20]
薛 (Xuē) Siat, Sih Sit Siet Sie, Siek, Siq Sidharta (Sidarta),[20][32] Wilamarta[26]
阎 (Yán) Giam, Iam, Ngiam Jim Ngiam Gan, Giam, Ian, Ien, Jan Ganda,[31] Gani,[12] Giamarta,[25] Hartono,[10] Jimarta,[25] Sugiamwinata,[25] Sugihartono,[25] Suhadi,[25] Sukoco[25]
颜 (Yán) Gan, Hian, Ngang, Nguang, Ngueng Ngaan, Ngan Ngian, Ngien
杨 (Yáng) Chhion, Chhiu, Chiiun, Iang, Ien, Ion, Iong, Iun Joeng, Yiang Yong Iu, Jo, Jouw, Ki, Nio, Njio, Njoo, Nyoo, Yno, Yo, Yoe Anwar,[12] Dharmanandi,[10] Inyo,[20] Irawady,[26] Johan,[10] Juwono, Kasman,[26] Kusbianto,[12] Mulyoto,[58] Naga,[20] Nyoto,[25] Renata,[59] Sanyoto,[12] Senjaya,[26] Setyadi,[26] Sudarso,[10] Sudhamek,[26] Sugondo,[26] Sukandinata,[26] Sunaryo,[25] Sunyoto,[10] Suryani,[10] Suryawan,[20] Sutaryo,[25] Tannos,[20] Tindo,[25] Tirta,[26] Wiharjo,[26] Yohan,[10] Yongki,[25] Yorensin,[25] Yoso,[25] Yudha,[25] Yuwana[25]
姚 (Yáo) Iau, Ie, Io Jiu Yeu Iau, Jaouw, Jauw, Yao, Yauw Handoko,[26] Jayanto,[26] Jayawan,[25] Yuswanto[25]
叶 (Yè) Iab, Iag, Iap Jip, Yiap Yap Ijap, Jap, Jip, Yap, Yip Effendi,[10] Ertanto,[60] Haryanto,[10] Hendrawan,[12] Husodo,[12] Jamin,[25] Japri[25] Joyo,[10] Laksana,[20] Meliana,[10] Riand,[10] Prananto,[10] Prawirohusodo,[20] Wijaya,[12] Suparno,[26] Supit,[12] Suyapto,[1] Toyib (Toyip),[25] Yananto,[12] Yapardi,[25] Yapina,[1] Yapip,[25] Yappy,[10] Yaputra,[20][25] Yektiurip,[25] Yipman
易 (Yì) Eg, Ek, Iah, Iak Jik, Yet Yit Ek Rahmani[10]
尤 (Yóu) Iu Jau Yu Jioe, Joe, Yiu, Yoe, Yu Buntoro,[12] Kurniadi,[37] Yules,[25] Yusuf,[12] Yuwono[12]
游, 㳺 (Yóu) Iu Jau, Yiu Yu
余 (Yú) E, I, Ir, U Jyu, Yi Yi Ie, Ji, Jie Halim,[26] Ibrahim,[25] Ikhwan,[25] Iman,[25] Iskandar,[25] Jita,[10] Juslim,[14] Sumbaji,[26] Susanto,[10] Sutarji[10]
俞 (Yú) Ju, Lu Jyu Yi Djie, Ie, Joe Dawis,[20] Irawan,[12] Lukito,[4] Suji[10]
曾 (Zēng) Chan, Cheng, Chng, Zang, Zeng Dang, Zeng Chen Can, Chan, Tjan, Tjen, Tjin Candiluhur,[25] Chandra,[26] Chandrakusuma,[12] Chandrasaputra,[25] Negara,[10] Silalahi,[20] Sudharmono[26]
詹 (Zhān) Chiam, Ziam Zim Cham Chan, Ciam, Tjam, Tjiam Camar,[25] Ciampea,[25]
张 (Zhāng) Tiang, Tiaun, Tiong, Tion, Tiun, Ziang Ziang, Zoeng Chong Teh, Teo, Theo, Thio, Tio, Tjang, Tjiong, Tjon, Tjong Basri,[37] Canggih,[25] Chandra,[10][12] Hidayat,[26] Irawan,[12] Jaya,[10] Johan,[20] Kartio,[25] Kuswati,[10] Mukianto,[10] Natio,[25] Pambudi,[10] Prasetya,[25] Prasetyo,[1] Sajiono,[10] Sanusi,[10] Santyoso,[25] Setiadi,[25] Setiawan,[25] Setio,[1][10] Setiono,[25] Sudarso,[61] Sujino,[26] Sulistio (Sulistiyo),[26] Susantio (Susantyo),[1][25] Susetio (Susetyo),[25] Suwondo,[25] Suteja,[25] Sutiono,[25] Theodora,[31] Tyos,[10] Wijayakusuma[20]
郑 (Zhèng) Den, Teng, Ten, Tin Zeng, Ziang Chhang Te, The, Thie, Tjen, Tjeng Budiono,[10] Darmaputra,[20] Hasan,[20] Herabadi,[1] Idris,[12] Jinarakhita,[20] Kharisma,[26] Liyanti,[36] Menaro,[12] Nusantara,[26] Sufida,[26] Suryani,[31] Tahyar,[20] Teddy,[25] Tedyono,[25] Teja,[1] Tejakusmana,[25] Tejamulia,[1][25] Tejarukmana,[25] Tejawati,[25] Tejokumoro,[25] Tejosuwito[20]
钟 (Zhōng) Cheng, Chiong, Zeng Zung, Zuung Chung Chung, Ciong, Tjiong Arsajaya,[20] Chandra,[10] Cundiawan,[25] Cungandi,[25] Cungkoro,[25] Hadijaya,[12] Purnama,[62] Thamrin,[12] Theodora[10]
周 (Zhōu) Chiu, Ziu Zau, Ziu Chu Ciu, Djioe, Tjio, Tjioe, Tjoe, Tjiu Cahyadin,[26] Ciuwandi,[31] Ciwijaya,[10] Cokroraharjo,[25] Cokrowijokso,[25] Cuanda, Gimin,[26] Frans,[10] Hartanto,[10] Johari,[25] Juanda ,[25] Juanita,[25] Juano,[25] Kusumanegara,[12] Mulyono,[12] Sucipto,[63] Surikin,[26] Trismitro,[12] Yuanita[25]
朱 (Zhū) Chu, Zu Zi, Zyu Chu Cu, Chu, Tjoa, Tjoe, Tju Joyonegoro,[12][20] Jugito,[29] Jumena,[29] Juwinata,[29] Sutrisno,[20] Yusuf,[26] Zulfikar,[29] Zulfikri,[25] Zuneng[25]
庄 (Zhuāng) Chng, Choang, Chon, Chong, Zang, Zeng, Zuang Zong Chong Chuang, Cng, Tjhung, Tjuang, Tjung Budiman,[1] Dozan,[64] Juanda,[65] Juandi,[26] Mercubuwono[1]
卓 (Zhuó) Doh, Toh, Tok Coek, Zoek Chok Tjoek, Toh Harsono[10]
邹 (Zōu) Chau, Zou Zau Cheu Tjee, Tjeuw, Tjoo, Tjouw Murdaya[20]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.24 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.28 1.29 1.30 1.31 1.32 1.33 1.34 1.35 1.36 1.37 1.38 1.39 1.40 1.41 1.42 1.43 1.44 1.45 1.46 1.47 1.48 1.49 1.50 1.51 1.52 1.53 1.54 1.55 1.56 1.57 1.58 1.59 1.60 1.61 1.62 1.63 1.64 1.65 1.66 1.67 1.68 1.69 1.70 1.71 1.72 1.73 1.74 1.75 1.76 1.77 1.78 1.79 Sutanto, Irzanti (2004-08-09), Ganti Name di Kalangan Keturunan Tionghoa, Peraturan dan Kebebasan [Changing Names Among Chinese Descendants, Regulations and Freedom] (in Bahasa Indonesia), archived from the original on 2008-01-30, retrieved 29 January 2009
  2. ↑ Sneddon, James Neil (2003). Indonesian language: its history and role in modern society. Sydney: University of New South Wales press. ISBN 978-0-86840-598-8.
  3. ↑ Kridalaksana, Harimurti (1978). Perez, A. Q.; Santiago, A. O.; Nguyen, Dang Liem (eds.). Spelling Reform 1972: A Stage in the Process of Standardisation of Bahasa Indonesia. Manila: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 305–317. ISBN 0858831767.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Hui, Audrey Yu Jia (2022-04-21). "Audrey 俞佳慧 About Me". Archived from the original on 2024-01-27. Retrieved 2024-01-27.
  5. ↑ Hafidz Faza (2017-10-26). "Audrey Yu Jia Hui, Simbol Patriotisme Anak Muda Tionghoa" [Audrey Yu Jia Hui, Symbol of Patriotism for Chinese Youth]. Rilis.id (in Bahasa Indonesia). Retrieved 2021-02-23. Several years ago I changed my name legally. The reason was that in my whole life I was ashamed to be Chinese(-Indonesian). When I took my Chinese name back, I want to make a statement that I can love both my ancestor's culture and Pancasila/Indonesia at the same time.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Kurniawan, Budi (2012). "Penggunaan Nama Barat Oleh Etnis Tionghoa di Surabaya" [Use of Western Names by Ethnic Chinese in Surabaya]. Lakon: Jurnal Kajian Sastra Dan Budaya (in Bahasa Indonesia). 1 (1): 12–20. doi:10.20473/lakon.v1i1.1911. ISSN 2527-4899.
  7. ↑ Chuarsa, Ira (2019-05-11). "Menafsir Ulang Hubungan Tradisi Cina dan Kekristenan di Indonesia" [Reinterpreting the Relationship between Chinese Tradition and Christianity in Indonesia]. Universitas Gajah Mada (in Bahasa Indonesia). Retrieved 2024-01-24.
  8. ↑ Heriyanto, David (2020-01-17). "What's in a name? Chinese-Indonesians have many stories". The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 2024-01-27. Retrieved 2024-01-27.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Lutfiana, Andhini Rahma (2021). "Adaptasi Fonologis pada Perubahan Nama Diri Etnik Tionghoa ke Nama Indonesia Mulai Tahun 1970–2019 Sebagai Bentuk Pemertahanan Identitas Budaya Etnik Tionghoa" [Phonological Adaptation in the Change of Chinese Ethnic Names to Indonesian Names Starting from 1970–2019 as a Form of Maintaining Chinese Ethnic Cultural Identity]. Sapala (in Bahasa Indonesia). 8 (2).
  10. ↑ 10.000 10.001 10.002 10.003 10.004 10.005 10.006 10.007 10.008 10.009 10.010 10.011 10.012 10.013 10.014 10.015 10.016 10.017 10.018 10.019 10.020 10.021 10.022 10.023 10.024 10.025 10.026 10.027 10.028 10.029 10.030 10.031 10.032 10.033 10.034 10.035 10.036 10.037 10.038 10.039 10.040 10.041 10.042 10.043 10.044 10.045 10.046 10.047 10.048 10.049 10.050 10.051 10.052 10.053 10.054 10.055 10.056 10.057 10.058 10.059 10.060 10.061 10.062 10.063 10.064 10.065 10.066 10.067 10.068 10.069 10.070 10.071 10.072 10.073 10.074 10.075 10.076 10.077 10.078 10.079 10.080 10.081 10.082 10.083 10.084 10.085 10.086 10.087 10.088 10.089 10.090 10.091 10.092 10.093 10.094 10.095 10.096 10.097 10.098 10.099 10.100 10.101 10.102 10.103 10.104 10.105 10.106 10.107 10.108 10.109 10.110 10.111 10.112 10.113 10.114 10.115 10.116 10.117 10.118 10.119 10.120 10.121 10.122 10.123 10.124 10.125 10.126 10.127 10.128 10.129 10.130 10.131 10.132 10.133 10.134 10.135 10.136 10.137 10.138 10.139 10.140 10.141 10.142 10.143 10.144 10.145 10.146 10.147 10.148 10.149 10.150 10.151 10.152 10.153 10.154 10.155 10.156 10.157 10.158 10.159 10.160 10.161 10.162 10.163 10.164 10.165 10.166 10.167 10.168 10.169 10.170 Paguyuban Sosial Marga Tionghoa Indonesia (2020-07-20). "Dewan dan Pengurus Pusat PSMTI Periode 2022" [PSMTI Board and Central Managers for 2022]. Paguyuban Sosial Marga Tionghoa Indonesia (in Bahasa Indonesia). Retrieved 2024-01-24.
  11. ↑ Sugiri, Eddy (2003). "Perspektif Budaya Perubahan Nama Diri Bagi WNI Keturunan Tionghoa di Wilayah Pemerintah Kota Surabaya" [Cultural Perspective of Changing Personal Names for Indonesian Citizens of Chinese Descent in the Surabaya City Government Region] (PDF). Bahasa Dan Seni (in Bahasa Indonesia). 31 (1).
  12. ↑ 12.000 12.001 12.002 12.003 12.004 12.005 12.006 12.007 12.008 12.009 12.010 12.011 12.012 12.013 12.014 12.015 12.016 12.017 12.018 12.019 12.020 12.021 12.022 12.023 12.024 12.025 12.026 12.027 12.028 12.029 12.030 12.031 12.032 12.033 12.034 12.035 12.036 12.037 12.038 12.039 12.040 12.041 12.042 12.043 12.044 12.045 12.046 12.047 12.048 12.049 12.050 12.051 12.052 12.053 12.054 12.055 12.056 12.057 12.058 12.059 12.060 12.061 12.062 12.063 12.064 12.065 12.066 12.067 12.068 12.069 12.070 12.071 12.072 12.073 12.074 12.075 12.076 12.077 12.078 12.079 12.080 12.081 12.082 12.083 12.084 12.085 12.086 12.087 12.088 12.089 12.090 12.091 12.092 12.093 12.094 12.095 12.096 12.097 12.098 12.099 12.100 12.101 12.102 12.103 12.104 12.105 12.106 12.107 12.108 12.109 12.110 12.111 12.112 12.113 12.114 12.115 12.116 12.117 12.118 12.119 12.120 12.121 12.122 12.123 12.124 12.125 12.126 12.127 12.128 12.129 12.130 12.131 12.132 12.133 12.134 12.135 12.136 12.137 12.138 12.139 12.140 12.141 12.142 12.143 12.144 12.145 12.146 12.147 12.148 12.149 12.150 12.151 12.152 12.153 12.154 12.155 12.156 12.157 12.158 12.159 12.160 12.161 12.162 12.163 12.164 12.165 12.166 12.167 12.168 12.169 12.170 Setyautama, Sam (2008). Tokoh-tokoh etnis Tionghoa di Indonesia [Chinese figures in Indonesia] (in Bahasa Indonesia) (1 ed.). Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia. ISBN 978-979-9101-25-9.
  13. ↑ "楊詩曼". Madame Tussauds Hong Kong. Retrieved 2024-11-22.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Efendi, Bayu Alhadad (2022). "Pola Nama Etnis Tionghoa Padang Pada Masa Orde Baru" [Padang Chinese Ethnic Name Patterns During the New Order Era]. Kronologi (in Bahasa Indonesia). 4 (3).
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Kurniawati, R. Deffi (2012). Daftar Nama Marga/Fam, Gelar Adat dan Gelar Kebangsawanan di Indonesia [List of Clan/Fam Names, Traditional Titles and Nobility Titles in Indonesia] (in Bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia. ISBN 978-979-008-495-7.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 "咱唱反调:汪部长言过其实 印尼投资环境鬼见愁" [Let’s play devil’s advocate: Minister Wang’s exaggeration makes Indonesia’s investment environment very worrying]. 安徽艾约塔硅油有 (in 中文). 2019-10-20. Retrieved 2024-02-13.
  17. ↑ Rahmawati, Yasinta (2024-01-23). "Background Keluarga Tom Lembong, Punya Ayah Dokter Ahli Jantung dan Paman CEO Pabrik Obat Raksasa" [Tom Lembong's Family Background, A Cardiologist Father and a CEO of a Giant Pharmaceutical Factory Uncle]. suara.com (in Bahasa Indonesia). Retrieved 2024-01-25.
  18. ↑ Redaksi Lelemuku #1 (2017-09-26). "Warga GPM Tionghoa di Saumlaki Gelar Syukuran di Pantai Kelyar Jaya" [GPM Chinese residents in Saumlaki hold thanksgiving at Kelyar Jaya Beach]. Lelemuku (in Bahasa Indonesia). Retrieved 2024-01-25.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  19. ↑ Antara News Sumatera Utara (2023-11-06). "Ratusan tamu hadiri peresmian Rupang Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva di Taman Simalem Resort" [Hundreds of guests attended the inauguration of the Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva statue at Taman Simalem Resort]. Antara News (in Bahasa Indonesia). Retrieved 2024-01-27.
  20. ↑ 20.000 20.001 20.002 20.003 20.004 20.005 20.006 20.007 20.008 20.009 20.010 20.011 20.012 20.013 20.014 20.015 20.016 20.017 20.018 20.019 20.020 20.021 20.022 20.023 20.024 20.025 20.026 20.027 20.028 20.029 20.030 20.031 20.032 20.033 20.034 20.035 20.036 20.037 20.038 20.039 20.040 20.041 20.042 20.043 20.044 20.045 20.046 20.047 20.048 20.049 20.050 20.051 20.052 20.053 20.054 20.055 20.056 20.057 20.058 20.059 20.060 20.061 20.062 20.063 20.064 20.065 20.066 20.067 20.068 20.069 20.070 20.071 20.072 20.073 20.074 20.075 20.076 20.077 20.078 20.079 20.080 20.081 20.082 20.083 20.084 20.085 20.086 20.087 20.088 20.089 20.090 20.091 20.092 20.093 20.094 20.095 20.096 20.097 20.098 20.099 20.100 20.101 20.102 20.103 20.104 20.105 20.106 20.107 20.108 20.109 20.110 20.111 20.112 20.113 20.114 20.115 20.116 20.117 20.118 20.119 20.120 20.121 20.122 20.123 20.124 20.125 20.126 20.127 20.128 20.129 20.130 20.131 20.132 20.133 20.134 20.135 20.136 20.137 20.138 20.139 20.140 20.141 20.142 20.143 20.144 20.145 20.146 20.147 20.148 20.149 20.150 20.151 20.152 20.153 20.154 20.155 20.156 20.157 20.158 20.159 20.160 20.161 20.162 20.163 20.164 20.165 20.166 Suryadinata, Leo (1981). Prominent Indonesian Chinese (4th ed.). Singapore: ISEAS Publishing (published 2015). ISBN 978-981-4620-50-5.
  21. ↑ Liang, Chengzhu (March 1, 2023). "著名企业家、教育家潘万鑫博士逝世一周年追思会在雅加达举行" [A memorial service for Dr. Pan Wanxin, a famous entrepreneur and educator, was held in Jakarta on the first anniversary of his death]. 千岛日报 (in 中文).
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Harris (2022-09-21). "椰城狮子会 Intan Prima 307B 社会福利活动" [Coconut City Lions Club Intan Prima 307B Social Welfare Activities]. 国际日报 (in 中文). Retrieved 2024-02-03.
  23. ↑ Assidiqi, Hamas (2018). "Kebijakan Asimilasi Terhadap Etnis Tionghoa di Jakarta Tahun 1966-1998" [Assimilation Policy Against Ethnic Chinese in Jakarta 1966-1998]. Jurnal Prodi Ilmu Sejarah (in Bahasa Indonesia). 3 (3).
  24. ↑ 24.00 24.01 24.02 24.03 24.04 24.05 24.06 24.07 24.08 24.09 24.10 24.11 24.12 24.13 24.14 24.15 24.16 Susanti (2021-01-27). "The Existence of Chinese Indonesian Surname". FactsofIndonesia.com (in Bahasa Indonesia). Retrieved 2024-06-01.
  25. ↑ 25.000 25.001 25.002 25.003 25.004 25.005 25.006 25.007 25.008 25.009 25.010 25.011 25.012 25.013 25.014 25.015 25.016 25.017 25.018 25.019 25.020 25.021 25.022 25.023 25.024 25.025 25.026 25.027 25.028 25.029 25.030 25.031 25.032 25.033 25.034 25.035 25.036 25.037 25.038 25.039 25.040 25.041 25.042 25.043 25.044 25.045 25.046 25.047 25.048 25.049 25.050 25.051 25.052 25.053 25.054 25.055 25.056 25.057 25.058 25.059 25.060 25.061 25.062 25.063 25.064 25.065 25.066 25.067 25.068 25.069 25.070 25.071 25.072 25.073 25.074 25.075 25.076 25.077 25.078 25.079 25.080 25.081 25.082 25.083 25.084 25.085 25.086 25.087 25.088 25.089 25.090 25.091 25.092 25.093 25.094 25.095 25.096 25.097 25.098 25.099 25.100 25.101 25.102 25.103 25.104 25.105 25.106 25.107 25.108 25.109 25.110 25.111 25.112 25.113 25.114 25.115 25.116 25.117 25.118 25.119 25.120 25.121 25.122 25.123 25.124 25.125 25.126 25.127 25.128 25.129 25.130 25.131 25.132 25.133 25.134 25.135 25.136 25.137 25.138 25.139 25.140 25.141 25.142 25.143 25.144 25.145 25.146 25.147 25.148 25.149 25.150 25.151 25.152 25.153 25.154 25.155 25.156 25.157 25.158 25.159 25.160 25.161 25.162 25.163 25.164 25.165 25.166 25.167 25.168 25.169 25.170 25.171 25.172 25.173 25.174 25.175 25.176 25.177 25.178 25.179 25.180 25.181 25.182 25.183 25.184 25.185 25.186 25.187 25.188 25.189 25.190 25.191 25.192 25.193 25.194 25.195 25.196 25.197 25.198 25.199 25.200 25.201 25.202 25.203 25.204 25.205 25.206 25.207 25.208 25.209 25.210 25.211 25.212 25.213 25.214 25.215 25.216 25.217 25.218 25.219 25.220 25.221 25.222 25.223 25.224 25.225 25.226 25.227 25.228 25.229 25.230 25.231 25.232 25.233 25.234 25.235 25.236 25.237 25.238 25.239 25.240 25.241 25.242 25.243 25.244 25.245 25.246 25.247 25.248 25.249 25.250 25.251 25.252 25.253 25.254 25.255 25.256 25.257 25.258 25.259 25.260 25.261 25.262 25.263 25.264 25.265 25.266 25.267 25.268 25.269 25.270 25.271 25.272 25.273 25.274 25.275 25.276 25.277 25.278 25.279 25.280 25.281 25.282 25.283 25.284 25.285 25.286 25.287 25.288 25.289 25.290 25.291 25.292 25.293 25.294 25.295 25.296 25.297 25.298 25.299 25.300 25.301 25.302 25.303 25.304 25.305 25.306 25.307 25.308 25.309 25.310 25.311 25.312 25.313 25.314 25.315 25.316 25.317 25.318 25.319 25.320 25.321 25.322 25.323 25.324 25.325 25.326 25.327 25.328 25.329 25.330 25.331 25.332 25.333 25.334 25.335 25.336 25.337 25.338 25.339 25.340 25.341 25.342 25.343 25.344 25.345 25.346 25.347 25.348 25.349 25.350 25.351 25.352 25.353 25.354 25.355 25.356 25.357 25.358 25.359 25.360 25.361 25.362 25.363 25.364 25.365 25.366 25.367 25.368 25.369 25.370 25.371 25.372 25.373 25.374 25.375 25.376 25.377 25.378 25.379 25.380 25.381 25.382 25.383 25.384 25.385 25.386 25.387 25.388 25.389 25.390 25.391 25.392 25.393 25.394 25.395 25.396 25.397 25.398 25.399 25.400 25.401 25.402 25.403 25.404 25.405 25.406 25.407 25.408 25.409 25.410 25.411 25.412 25.413 25.414 25.415 25.416 25.417 "The Chinese Community in Indonesia". My China Roots. Retrieved 2024-06-01.
  26. ↑ 26.000 26.001 26.002 26.003 26.004 26.005 26.006 26.007 26.008 26.009 26.010 26.011 26.012 26.013 26.014 26.015 26.016 26.017 26.018 26.019 26.020 26.021 26.022 26.023 26.024 26.025 26.026 26.027 26.028 26.029 26.030 26.031 26.032 26.033 26.034 26.035 26.036 26.037 26.038 26.039 26.040 26.041 26.042 26.043 26.044 26.045 26.046 26.047 26.048 26.049 26.050 26.051 26.052 26.053 26.054 26.055 26.056 26.057 26.058 26.059 26.060 26.061 26.062 26.063 26.064 26.065 26.066 26.067 26.068 26.069 26.070 26.071 26.072 26.073 26.074 26.075 26.076 26.077 26.078 26.079 26.080 26.081 26.082 26.083 26.084 26.085 26.086 26.087 26.088 26.089 26.090 26.091 26.092 26.093 26.094 26.095 26.096 26.097 26.098 26.099 26.100 26.101 26.102 26.103 26.104 26.105 26.106 26.107 26.108 26.109 26.110 26.111 26.112 26.113 26.114 26.115 Paguyuban Sosial Marga Tionghoa Indonesia Provinsi Riau (2017). "Tentang Kami – Dewan Pengurus" [About Us – Board of Directors]. Paguyuban Sosial Marga Tionghoa Indonesia Provinsi Riau (in Bahasa Indonesia). Retrieved 2024-01-26.
  27. ↑ "蔡祥林 Hermawan Susanto 图库" [Cai Xiang Lin Hermawan Susanto Gallery]. 中羽在线 (in 中文). Retrieved 2024-08-06.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 "On Being Chinese Indonesians". The Jakarta Globe. 2018-02-16.
  29. ↑ 29.00 29.01 29.02 29.03 29.04 29.05 29.06 29.07 29.08 29.09 29.10 29.11 29.12 29.13 29.14 29.15 29.16 29.17 "Imlek 2024: Etnis Tionghoa di Indonesia dan nama China mereka - 'Ada pergulatan identitas, apakah saya Tionghoa atau Indonesia?'" [Chinese New Year 2024: Ethnic Chinese in Indonesia and their Chinese names - ‘There is an identity struggle, am I Chinese or Indonesian?’]. BBC News Indonesia (in Bahasa Indonesia). 2024-02-08. Retrieved 2024-06-03.
  30. ↑ Anandita, Natasha Cecilia. "Cukup Berbeda, Ini Nama Asli 11 Artis Indonesia Keturunan Tionghoa" [Quite Different, These Are the Real Names of 11 Indonesian Artists of Chinese Descent]. POPBELA.com (in Bahasa Indonesia). Retrieved 2024-08-06.
  31. ↑ 31.00 31.01 31.02 31.03 31.04 31.05 31.06 31.07 31.08 31.09 31.10 31.11 31.12 31.13 31.14 31.15 31.16 31.17 31.18 31.19 "Direktori Putusan" [Directory of Decisions]. Direktori Putusan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia (in Bahasa Indonesia). Retrieved 2024-09-30.
  32. ↑ 32.00 32.01 32.02 32.03 32.04 32.05 32.06 32.07 32.08 32.09 32.10 32.11 My China Roots. "All Records of Indonesia". www.mychinaroots.com. Retrieved 2024-09-30.
  33. ↑ PPI Jerman. "Ketua Umum PPI Jerman Dari Masa ke Masa" [General Chairman of PPI Germany From Time to Time]. PPI Jerman (in Bahasa Indonesia). Retrieved 2024-01-24.
  34. ↑ Tim SINDOnews (2021-11-22). "Sederet Profesor Asal Indonesia Mengajar di Universitas Dunia, Nomor 2 Suami Tsamara" [A Series of Professors from Indonesia Teach at World Universities, Number 2 is Tsamara's Husband]. SINDOnews (in Bahasa Indonesia). Retrieved 2024-01-26.
  35. ↑ Petrik (2022-03-24). "Raja Skandal RI: Eddy Tansil Sang Nakal Legenda Penipu di RI" [King of Indonesian Scandals: Eddy Tansil, the Naughty Legend of Fraudsters in Indonesia]. CNBC Indonesia (in Bahasa Indonesia). Retrieved 2024-01-26.
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 36.3 36.4 36.5 36.6 Koko Cici Jakarta. "Ikatan Koko Cici Jakarta Periode 2022-2024" [Jakarta Koko Cici Association for the 2022-2024 Period]. Koko Cici Jakarta (in Bahasa Indonesia). Retrieved 2024-02-03.
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  39. ↑ "何学林 Halim Haryanto 球星详情" [He Xue Lin Halim Haryanto Star Details]. 中羽在线 (in 中文). Retrieved 2024-08-06.
  40. ↑ Petra Christian School Board (2019-05-15). "Dato' Sri DR. Tahir, MBA - Petra Kalianyar Christian Senior High School 1971 Alumnus". Petra Christian School Board. Archived from the original on 2019-05-15. Retrieved 2024-01-26.
  41. ↑ Tan, Herman (2018-10-12). "Budi Hartono, Pengusaha Rokok Terkaya Se-Indonesia" [Budi Hartono, the Richest Cigarette Entrepreneur in Indonesia]. TIONGHOA.INFO (in Bahasa Indonesia). Retrieved 2024-01-26.
  42. ↑ Meijuan, Lu (1986-01-17). "國際羽球賽球星介紹" [Taipei International Badminton Masters (1986)]. catalog.digitalarchives.tw (in 中文). Retrieved 2024-01-26.
  43. ↑ Sunarti, Sunarti (2017). "Perubahan Identitas Etnis Tionghoa di Watampone, Bone 1966-2006" [Changes in Chinese Ethnic Identity in Watampone, Bone 1966-2006]. Universitas Negeri Makassar – via UPT Perpustakaan UNM.
  44. ↑ Oh, Husien (2016). "Ambivalensi Kebijakan Pemerintah Orde Baru Tentang Golongan Etnis Tionghoa: Suatu Tinjauan Keputusan Presidium Kabinet Nomor 127 Tahun 1966 dan InstruksiPresiden Nomor 14 Tahun 1967" [The Ambivalence of the New Order Government's Policy Regarding the Chinese Ethnic Group: A Review of Cabinet Presidium Decree Number 127 of 1966 and Presidential Instruction Number 14 of 1967]. Ilmu dan Budaya (in Bahasa Indonesia): 5637–5650.
  45. ↑ TIME Magazine. "60 Years of Asian Heroes: Rudy Hartono". Archived from the original on 2007-01-12.
  46. ↑ tentang.org (2021-03-06). "Biografi Sersan Mayor Djoni Liem" [Biography of Sergeant Major Djoni Liem]. Biografi Profil Usaha Produk (in Bahasa Indonesia). Retrieved 2024-01-06.
  47. ↑ 清华大学. "林美金董事" [Director Lin Meijin]. 清华大学 (in 中文).
  48. ↑ "Famous Athletes from Singapore". Ranker. Retrieved 2024-08-06.
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  50. ↑ "罗天宁 Eddy Kurniawan的图片" [Luo Tian Ning Eddy Kurniawan Pictures]. 中羽在线 (in 中文). Retrieved 2024-08-06.
  51. ↑ "彭伟信 Herry Iman Pierngadi 球星详情" [Peng Wei Xin Herry Iman Pierngadi Player Details]. 中羽在线 (in 中文). Retrieved 2024-08-06.
  52. ↑ Anggraeni, Dewi (2008-02-06). "Arief Budiman: Defying the Chinese stereotype". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 2024-01-26.
  53. ↑ "Susi Susanti [ Wang Lian Xiang ] – Emas Pertama dan Pengantin Olimpiade" [Susi Susanti [ Wang Lian Xiang ] – First Gold and Olympic Bride]. Budaya Tionghoa (in Bahasa Indonesia). 2011-07-04. Retrieved 2024-01-26.
  54. ↑ Wang, Huicong (2024-06-02). "Indonesian Chinese begin to restore Chinese surnames". iMedia.
  55. ↑ Arum, Rifda (2023-03-23). "Profil Gabriel Prince, Influencer yang Menolak SM Entertainment" [Profile of Gabriel Prince, Influencer Who Rejected SM Entertainment]. Gramedia (in Bahasa Indonesia).
  56. ↑ Hadi, Eddino Abdul (2016-10-17). "The Life Interview With Nathan Hartono: Cool crooner from young". The Straits Times. ISSN 0585-3923.
  57. ↑ Maulia, Erwida (2019-11-27). "Billionaire Indonesian property tycoon Ciputra, dies at 88". Nikkei Asia. Retrieved 2024-01-26.
  58. ↑ Li, Zhihan (2021-04-16). "印尼歌手坐擁超過2千萬粉絲！推超吸睛圖像小說辣翻眾人" [The Indonesian singer has more than 20 million fans! The super eye-catching graphic novel wows everyone]. Yahoo News (in 中文). Retrieved 2024-01-25.
  59. ↑ Zakawali, Gifari (2023-08-29). "Profil Livy Renata Lengkap, dari Karier hingga Kekayaan" [Complete profile of Livy Renata, from Career to Wealth]. Orami. Retrieved 2024-01-26.
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  61. ↑ "彼得·阿德里安·苏达索 Peter Adrian Sudarso" [Peter Adrian Sudarso]. 豆瓣 (in 中文). Retrieved 2024-01-27.
  62. ↑ Kustiani, Rini (2014-10-30). "Asal Mula Basuki Tjahaja Dipanggil Ahok" [The Origin of Basuki Tjahaja's Calling Ahok]. Tempo (in Bahasa Indonesia). Retrieved 2024-01-26.
  63. ↑ Mulyana (2023-01-20). Santoso, Budhi (ed.). "Warga Tionghoa lakukan tradisi lepas burung sambut Tahun Baru Imlek" [Chinese people carry out the tradition of releasing birds to welcome the Chinese New Year.]. Antara News (in Bahasa Indonesia).
  64. ↑ Hens, Henry (2016-03-30). "Film 90-an, Willy Dozan dari Film Laga Hong Kong Sampai Comic 8" [90s films, Willy Dozan from Hong Kong Action Films to Comic 8]. FIMELA (in Bahasa Indonesia). Retrieved 2024-01-26.
  65. ↑ "John Juanda | World Poker Tour". World Poker Tour. Retrieved 2024-01-26.
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