List of heads of state of Panama
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| President of the Republic of Panama | |
|---|---|
| Presidente de la República de Panamá | |
| File:Presidential Flag of Panama.svg Presidential standard | |
| File:Coat of arms of Panama.svg Coat of arms of Panama | |
since 1 July 2024 | |
| Residence | Palacio de las Garzas, Panama City |
| Term length | Five years, renewable once non-consecutively |
| Precursor | Laurentino Cortizo |
| Inaugural holder | Manuel Amador Guerrero |
| Formation | 20 February 1904 |
| Deputy | Vice President of Panama |
| Salary | 7,000 USD per month[1] |
| Website | Presidencia de la República |
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| File:Coat of arms of Panama.svg |
|---|
This article lists the heads of state of Panama since the short-lived first independence from the Republic of New Granada in 1840 and the final separation from Colombia in 1903. Since 1904 the head of state of Panama has been the President of Panama.
List of officeholders
- Political parties
Conservative Party (PC)
National Liberal Party (PLN)
Republican Party (PR)
Democratic Change (CD)
Realizing Goals (RM)
- Status
Denotes acting or provisional president
Symbols † Died in office
Free State of the Isthmus (1840–1841)
| No. | Portrait | President (Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Title | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||
| 1 | File:Herrtoma.jpg | Tomás de Herrera (1804–1854) |
20 March 1841 | 8 June 1841 | 80 days | Superior Chief of State |
| (1) | 8 June 1841 | 31 December 1841 | 206 days | President | ||
Republic of Panama (1903–present)
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Political Party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||
| 3 | File:Demetrio H. Brid.jpg | Demetrio H. Brid (1859–1917) |
3 November 1903 | 4 November 1903 | 1 day | PC |
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Political Party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||
| 4 | File:Jose-Agustin-Arango.jpg | José Agustín Arango (1841–1909) |
4 November 1903 | 20 February 1904 | 108 days | PLN |
| 5 | File:Tomás Arias p319.jpg | Tomás Arias (1856–1932) |
Independent | |||
| 6 | File:FBoyd4.jpg | Federico Boyd (1851–1924) |
PLN | |||
| 7 | File:Manuel Espinosa Batista, prócer de Panamá.jpg | Manuel Espinosa Batista (1857–1919) |
9 November 1903 | 7 December 1903 | 28 days | PLN |
| No. | Portrait | President (Birth–Death) |
Elected | Term of office | Political Party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||||
| 1 | File:Portrait of Manuel Amador Guerrero.jpg | Manuel Amador Guerrero (1833–1909) First tenure |
1904 | 20 February 1904 | 23 June 1907[2] | 3 years, 123 days | PC |
| 2 | File:Jose Domingo de Obaldía.jpg | José Domingo de Obaldía (1845–1910) First tenure |
— | 24 June 1907[2] | 27 December 1907[2] | 186 days | PLN |
| (1) | File:Portrait of Manuel Amador Guerrero.jpg | Manuel Amador Guerrero (1833–1909) Second tenure |
— | 29 December 1907[2] | 1 October 1908 | 277 days | PC |
| (2) | File:Jose Domingo de Obaldía.jpg | José Domingo de Obaldía (1845–1910) Second tenure |
1908 | 1 October 1908 | 1 March 1910[†] | 1 year, 151 days | PLN |
| — | File:Carlos Antonio Mendoza.jpg | Carlos Antonio Mendoza (1856–1916) Acting President |
— | 1 March 1910 | 1 October 1910 | 214 days | PLN |
| — | File:FBoyd4.jpg | Federico Boyd (1851–1924) Acting President |
— | 1 October 1910 | 5 October 1910 | 4 days | PLN |
| — | File:Pabloarosemena.jpg | Pablo Arosemena (1836–1920) Acting President |
— | 5 October 1910 | 1 October 1912 | 1 year, 362 days | PLN |
| 3 | File:Belisario Porras Barahona.jpg | Belisario Porras Barahona (1856–1942) First tenure |
1912 | 1 October 1912 | 1 October 1916 | 4 years | PLN |
| 4 | File:RMvaldes7.jpg | Ramón Maximiliano Valdés (1867–1918) |
1916 | 1 October 1916 | 3 June 1918[†] | 1 year, 245 days | PLN |
| — | File:8CiroU.jpg | Ciro Luis Urriola (1863–1922) Acting President |
— | 3 June 1918 | 1 October 1918 | 120 days | PLN |
| — | File:Pedro Antonio Díaz.jpg | Pedro Antonio Díaz (1852–1919) Acting President |
— | 1 October 1918 | 12 October 1918 | 11 days | PC |
| (3) | File:Belisario Porras Barahona.jpg | Belisario Porras Barahona (1856–1942) Second tenure |
1918 | 12 October 1918 | 30 January 1920 | 1 year, 110 days | PLN |
| — | File:Ernesto Tisdel Lefevre.jpg | Ernesto Tisdel Lefevre (1876–1922) Acting President |
— | 30 January 1920 | 1 October 1920 | 245 days | PLN |
| (3) | File:Belisario Porras Barahona.jpg | Belisario Porras Barahona (1856–1942) Third tenure |
1920 | 1 October 1920 | 1 October 1924 | 4 years | PLN |
| 5 | File:Rodolfo Chiari.jpg | Rodolfo Chiari (1869–1937) |
1924 | 1 October 1924 | 1 October 1928 | 4 years | PLN |
| 6 | File:El Ingeniero Don Florencio Harmodio Arosemena.jpg | Florencio Harmodio Arosemena (1872–1945) |
1928 | 1 October 1928 | 3 January 1931 (Deposed in a coup) |
2 years, 94 days | PLN |
| — | File:Harmodio Arias Madrid.png | Harmodio Arias Madrid (1886–1963) Acting President |
— | 3 January 1931 | 16 January 1931 | 13 days | Independent |
| 7 | File:Ricardo J. Alfaro.jpg | Ricardo Joaquín Alfaro Jované (1882–1971) |
— | 16 January 1931 | 5 June 1932 | 1 year, 141 days | PLN |
| 8 | File:Harmodio Arias Madrid.png | Harmodio Arias Madrid (1886–1963) |
1932 | 5 June 1932 | 1 October 1936 | 4 years, 118 days | PNR |
| 9 | File:Juan Demóstenes Arosemena.jpg | Juan Demóstenes Arosemena (1879–1939) |
1936 | 1 October 1936 | 16 December 1939[†] | 3 years, 76 days | PLN |
| — | File:Ezequiel Fernández Jaén.jpg | Ezequiel Fernández (1886–1946) Acting President |
— | 16 December 1939 | 18 December 1939 | 2 days | PNR |
| — | File:Augusto Samuel Boyd.jpg | Augusto Samuel Boyd (1879–1957) Acting President |
— | 18 December 1939 | 1 October 1940 | 288 days | PNR |
| 10 | File:Arnulfo Arias Madrid - 1950.jpg | Arnulfo Arias (1901–1988) First tenure |
1940 | 1 October 1940 | 9 October 1941 (Deposed in a coup) |
1 year, 8 days | PNR |
| 11 | File:Ricardo Adolfo de la Guardia.jpg | Ricardo Adolfo de la Guardia Arango (1899–1969) |
— | 9 October 1941 | 15 June 1945 | 3 years, 249 days | Independent |
| — | File:Dres. Jurado, Jiménez y Alfaro (cropped).jpg | Enrique Adolfo Jiménez (1888–1970) Provisional president |
1945 | 15 June 1945 | 7 August 1948 | 3 years, 53 days | PLN |
| 12 | File:Domingo Díaz Arosemena.jpg | Domingo Díaz Arosemena (1875–1949) |
1948 | 7 August 1948 | 28 July 1949 (Resigned) |
355 days | PLN |
| 13 | File:No image.png | Daniel Chanis Pinzón (1892–1961) |
— | 28 July 1949 | 20 November 1949 | 115 days | PLN |
| 14 | File:Roberto F. Chiari.jpg | Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón (1905–1981) First tenure |
— | 20 November 1949 | 24 November 1949 | 4 days | PLN |
| (10) | File:Arnulfo Arias Madrid - 1950.jpg | Arnulfo Arias (1901–1988) Second tenure |
— | 24 November 1949 | 9 May 1951 | 1 year, 166 days | PP |
| 15 | File:No image.png | Alcibíades Arosemena (1883–1958) |
— | 9 May 1951 | 1 October 1952 | 1 year, 145 days | PPA |
| 16 | File:Estatua de José Antonio Remón Cantera - Sede de la Policía Nacional de Panamá (2012).jpg | José Antonio Remón Cantera (1908–1955) |
1952 | 1 October 1952 | 2 January 1955 (Assassinated) |
2 years, 93 days | CPN |
| 17 | File:No image.png | José Ramón Guizado (1899–1964) |
— | 2 January 1955 | 29 March 1955 | 86 days | CPN |
| 18 | File:Ricardo Arias Espinosa.jpg | Ricardo Arias (1912–1993) |
— | 29 March 1955 | 1 October 1956 | 1 year, 186 days | CPN |
| 19 | File:No image.png | Ernesto de la Guardia (1904–1983) |
1956 | 1 October 1956 | 1 October 1960 | 4 years | CPN |
| (14) | File:Roberto F. Chiari 1962.jpg | Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón (1905–1981) Second tenure |
1960 | 1 October 1960 | 17 March 1963 | 2 years, 167 days | PLN |
| — | File:No image.png | Bernardino González Ruiz (1911–2012) Acting President |
— | 17 March 1963 | 23 March 1963 | 6 days | PAD |
| (14) | File:Roberto F. Chiari 1962.jpg | Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón (1905–1981) Third tenure |
— | 23 March 1963 | 1 October 1964 | 1 year, 192 days | PLN |
| 20 | File:No image.png | Marco Aurelio Robles (1908–1990) |
1964 | 1 October 1964 | 1 October 1968 | 4 years | PLN |
| (10) | File:A. Arias President of Panama (cropped).jpg | Arnulfo Arias (1901–1988) Third tenure |
1968 | 1 October 1968 | 11 October 1968 (Deposed in a coup) |
10 days | PP |
| — | File:No image.png | José María Pinilla Fábrega (1919–1979) Chairman of the Provisional Junta Ruled jointly with Bolívar Urrutia Parrilla |
— | 12 October 1968 | 18 December 1969 | 1 year, 67 days | National Guard |
| 21 | File:No image.png | Colonel Bolívar Urrutia Parrilla (1918–2005) Ruled jointly with José María Pinilla Fábrega |
— | 12 October 1968 | 18 December 1969 | 1 year, 67 days | National Guard |
| — | File:President Demetrio Lakas (cropped).jpg | Demetrio B. Lakas (1925–1999) Chairman of the Provisional Junta from 1969 to 1972 |
— | 19 December 1969 | 11 October 1972 | 2 years, 297 days | Independent |
| 22 | 1972 | 11 October 1972 | 11 October 1978 | 6 years | |||
| 23 | File:Aristides Royo (6713987733) (cropped).jpg | Aristides Royo (born 1940) |
1978 | 11 October 1978 | 31 July 1982 | 3 years, 293 days | Independent (until March 1979) |
| — | PRD | ||||||
| 24 | File:De-la-espriella-crop.jpg | Ricardo de la Espriella (born 1934) |
— | 31 July 1982 | 13 February 1984 | 1 year, 197 days | PRD |
| 25 | File:Jorge Enrique Illueca Sibauste, presidente de Panamá.png | Jorge Illueca (1918–2012) |
— | 13 February 1984 | 11 October 1984 | 241 days | Independent |
| 26 | File:Nicolás Ardito Barletta Vallarino.jpg | Nicolás Ardito Barletta Vallarino (born 1938) |
1984 | 11 October 1984 | 28 September 1985 | 352 days | PRD |
| — | File:Eric Arturo Delvalle.png | Eric Arturo Delvalle (1937–2015) Acting President |
— | 28 September 1985 | 26 February 1988 | 2 years, 151 days | PR |
| — | File:No image.png | Manuel Solís Palma (1917–2009) Acting President |
— | 26 February 1988 | 1 September 1989 | 1 year, 187 days | PRD |
| — | File:No image.png | Francisco Rodríguez (born 1938) Provisional president |
— | 1 September 1989 | 20 December 1989 (Deposed in the US invasion) |
110 days | PRD |
| 27 | File:Guillermo Endara 1993.jpg | Guillermo Endara (1936–2009) |
1989 | 20 December 1989 | 1 September 1994 | 4 years, 255 days | PP |
| 28 | File:Mr. Ernesto Perez Balladares (cropped).jpg | Ernesto Pérez Balladares (born 1946) |
1994 | 1 September 1994 | 1 September 1999 | 5 years | PRD |
| 29 | File:Mireya Moscoso in 2012.jpg | Mireya Moscoso (born 1946) |
1999 | 1 September 1999 | 1 September 2004 | 5 years | PP |
| 30 | File:Panama.MartinTorrijos.01.jpg | Martín Torrijos (born 1963) |
2004 | 1 September 2004 | 1 July 2009 | 4 years, 303 days | PRD |
| 31 | File:Ricardo Martinelli Presidente de Panamá.jpg | Ricardo Martinelli (born 1952) |
2009 | 1 July 2009 | 1 July 2014 | 5 years | CD |
| 32 | File:Juan Carlos Varela (2014).jpg | Juan Carlos Varela (born 1963) |
2014 | 1 July 2014 | 1 July 2019 | 5 years | PP |
| 33 | File:Laurentino Cortizo at the Enthronement of Naruhito (1).jpg | Laurentino Cortizo (born 1953) |
2019 | 1 July 2019 | 1 July 2024 | 5 years | PRD |
| 34 | File:Ceremonia de transmisión de mando de Panama (cropped).jpg | José Raúl Mulino (born 1959) |
2024 | 1 July 2024 | Incumbent | 206 days | RM |
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Military leaders of Panama (1968–1989)
From 1968 to 1989 a military junta exerted actual control over the country and nominated the president, who himself held little power. The following individuals were leaders of the junta.
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Military affiliation | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||||
| 1 | File:Omar Torrijos 1977.jpg | Brigadier-General Omar Torrijos (1929–1981) |
11 October 1968 | 31 July 1981[†] | 12 years, 293 days | National Guard | Assumed power in the 1968 coup d'état. Styled as Maximum Leader of the Panamanian Revolution from 11 October 1968. Killed in an air crash. |
| 2 | File:No image.png | Colonel Rubén Darío Paredes (born 1933) |
3 March 1982 | 12 August 1983 | 1 year, 162 days | National Guard | |
| 3 | File:Manuel Noriega mugshot cropped.jpg | General Manuel Noriega (1934–2017) |
12 August 1983 | 20 December 1989 | 6 years, 130 days | National Guard | Styled as Maximum Leader of the National Liberation from 15 December 1989. Deposed in the US invasion. |
| Panama Defense Forces (from 29 September 1983.) | |||||||
Timeline
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Latest election
| Candidate | Party or alliance | Votes | % | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| José Raúl Mulino | Realizing Goals–Alliance | Realizing Goals | 668,527 | 29.39 | ||
| Alliance Party | 110,245 | 4.85 | ||||
| Total | 778,772 | 34.23 | ||||
| Ricardo Lombana | Another Way Movement | 559,432 | 24.59 | |||
| Martín Torrijos | People's Party | 364,576 | 16.03 | |||
| Rómulo Roux | For a Better Panama | Democratic Change | 138,274 | 6.08 | ||
| Panameñista Party | 120,544 | 5.30 | ||||
| Total | 258,818 | 11.38 | ||||
| Zulay Rodríguez | Independent | 150,338 | 6.61 | |||
| José Gabriel Carrizo | Vamos con todo Panama | Democratic Revolutionary Party | 126,454 | 5.56 | ||
| Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement | 7,337 | 0.32 | ||||
| Total | 133,791 | 5.88 | ||||
| Maribel Gordón | Independent | 24,531 | 1.08 | |||
| Melitón Arrocha | Independent | PAIS | 2,442 | 0.11 | ||
| Independent | 2,218 | 0.10 | ||||
| Total | 4,660 | 0.20 | ||||
| Total | 2,274,918 | 100.00 | ||||
| Valid votes | 2,274,918 | 97.53 | ||||
| Invalid votes | 38,544 | 1.65 | ||||
| Blank votes | 19,101 | 0.82 | ||||
| Total votes | 2,332,563 | 100.00 | ||||
| Registered voters/turnout | 3,004,083 | 77.65 | ||||
| Source: Tribunal Electoral[3][4] | ||||||
See also
References
- ↑ "Shocking Gap Between Latin America's Presidential Salaries And Workers Minimum Wage". Latin Post. 22 June 2017. Archived from the original on 18 November 2021. Retrieved 4 November 2019.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 ".:: SomosPanama.com ::". 2 April 2016. Archived from the original on 2 April 2016. Retrieved 7 April 2018.
- ↑ "General Election 2024, Election of the President". Tribunal Electoral (in Spanish). Retrieved 6 May 2024.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)[permanent dead link] - ↑ "TE Presents Final Electoral Census" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 6 May 2024.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
