List of proxy wars
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This is a list of proxy wars. Major powers have been highlighted in bold. A proxy war is defined as "a war fought between groups of smaller countries that each represent the interests of other larger powers, and may have help and support from these".
Pre-World War I proxy wars
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Inter-war period proxy wars
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Cold War proxy wars
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Modern proxy wars
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Ongoing proxy wars
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Notes
- ↑ The name Kenya Land and Freedom Army is sometimes heard in connection with Mau Mau. KLFA is not simply another name for Mau Mau: it was the name that Dedan Kimathi used for a coordinating body which he tried to set up for Mau Mau. It was also the name of another militant group that sprang up briefly in the spring of 1960; the group was broken up during a brief operation from 26 March to 30 April.[58]
- ↑ Known as the National Redemption Front prior to 2011.
- ↑ Much of the civil war has eased off in 1949–50 with the Battle of Hainan Island took place in 1950, KMT insurgency in Burma and three crises in the Taiwan Strait occurred in 1954, 1958 and 1996. In effect, no peace treaty or armistice agreement is signed.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 "Venezuela Crisis of 1902". GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved 10 February 2016.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 "Somaliland 1902–1903". The Soldier's Burden. Retrieved 11 February 2016.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 "The Finnish Civil War". Retrieved 6 July 2015.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 Tepora, Tuomas (8 December 2014). "Finnish Civil War 1918". 1914-1918-Online. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
- ↑ Brecher, Michael; Wilkenfeld, Jonathan (1 January 1997). A Study of Crisis. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0472108060. Retrieved 10 December 2016 – via Google Books.
- ↑ Brecher, Michael; Wilkenfeld, Jonathan (1 January 1997). A Study of Crisis. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0472108060. Retrieved 10 December 2016 – via Google Books.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Payaslian, Simon (2007). The History of Armenia. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 163. ISBN 978-1-4039-7467-9.
- ↑ Robert Fisk: The Armenian hero whom Turkey would prefer to forget. The Independent. Retrieved 12 May 2013.
- ↑ Akçam, Taner (2006). A Shameful Act: The Armenian Genocide and the Question of Turkish Responsibility. New York: Henry Holt and Company. pp. 339–342. ISBN 978-0-8050-8665-2.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 "The place of the Turkish independence war in the American press (1918-1923)" (PDF). dergiler.ankara.edu.tr. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 June 2018.
- ↑ Jelavich, Barbara (1983). History of the Balkans: Twentieth century. Cambridge University Press. p. 131. ISBN 978-0-521-27459-3.
- ↑ According to John R. Ferris, "Decisive Turkish victory in Anatolia... produced Britain's gravest strategic crisis between the 1918 Armistice and Munich, plus a seismic shift in British politics..." Erik Goldstein and Brian McKerche, Power and Stability: British Foreign Policy, 1865–1965, 2004 p. 139
- ↑ A. Strahan claimed: "The internationalisation of Constantinople and the Straits under the aegis of the League of Nations, feasible in 1919, was out of the question after the complete and decisive Turkish victory over the Greeks". A. Strahan, Contemporary Review, 1922.
- ↑ Chester Neal Tate, Governments of the World: a Global Guide to Citizens' Rights and Responsibilities, Macmillan Reference USA/Thomson Gale, 2006, p. 205.
- ↑ 15.00 15.01 15.02 15.03 15.04 15.05 15.06 15.07 15.08 15.09 15.10 15.11 15.12 Cummins, Joseph (2009). The War Chronicles, From Flintlocks to Machine Guns: A Global Reference of All the Major Modern Conflicts. Beverly, Massachusetts: Fair Winds Press. pp. 282–299. ISBN 978-1-59233-305-9.
- ↑ 16.00 16.01 16.02 16.03 16.04 16.05 16.06 16.07 16.08 16.09 16.10 16.11 16.12 Cummins, Joseph (2011). History's Greatest Wars: The Epic Conflicts that Shaped the Modern World. Beverly, Massachusetts: Fair Winds Press. pp. 232–243. ISBN 978-1-59233-471-1.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 "Para la mayoría de las voces, el conflicto entre Bolivia y Paraguay (1932–1935) tuvo su origen en el control del supuesto petróleo que pronto iría a fluír desde el desierto chaqueño en beneficio de la nación victoriosa."Archondo, Rafael. "La Guerra del Chaco: ¿hubo algún titiritero?". Población y Desarrollo. 34: 29.
- ↑ Abente, Diego. 1988. Constraints and Opportunities: Prospects for Democratization in Paraguay. Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs.
- ↑ La ayuda argentina al Paraguay en la guerra del Chaco, Todo es Historia magazine, n° 206. julio de 1984, pág. 84 (in Spanish)
- ↑ Atkins, G. Pope (1997) Encyclopedia of the Inter-American System. Greenwood Publishing Group, p. 71. ISBN 0313286000
- ↑ Mora, Frank o. and Cooney, Jerry Wilson (2007) Paraguay and the United States: Distant Allies. University of Georgia Press, p. 84. ISBN 0820324671
- ↑ Hugh Thomas, The Spanish civil war (2001).
- ↑ The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica (10 November 2014). "Spanish Civil War". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
- ↑ Thomas G.Powell, Mexico and the Spanish Civil War (1981).
- ↑ Matthew D. Gallagher, "Leon Blum and the Spanish Civil War". Journal of Contemporary History 6.3 (1971): 56-64.
- ↑ Suzanne Pepper, Civil War in China: The Political Struggle 1945–1949 (1999).
- ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 27.3 27.4 27.5 27.6 "The Greek Civil War". ahistoryofgreece.com. Matt Barrett. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
- ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 28.3 The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica (18 July 2013). "Greek Civil War". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
- ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.3 29.4 29.5 29.6 29.7 Disselkamp, Rachel. "First Indochina War". The Cold War Museum. Archived from the original on 19 April 2013. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 30.3 30.4 Llewellyn, Jennifer; Southey, Jim; Thompson, Steve. "The First Indochina War". Alpha History. Archived from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
- ↑ Jacques Dalloz (1987). La Guerre d'Indochine 1945–1954. Paris: Seuil. pp. 129–130.
- ↑ Jacques Dalloz, La Guerre d'Indochine 1945–1954, Seuil, Paris, 1987, pp. 129–130, 206
- ↑ http://www.historycy.org/index.php?showtopic=36539&st=15 (in Polish)
- ↑ Dao Duc Thuan (November 2012). The Federal Republic of Germany and the first Indochina War (1946–1954) (PDF) (Thesis). Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-10-11. Retrieved 2016-03-25.
- ↑ "East Germany – The National People's Army and the Third World". Retrieved 10 December 2016.
- ↑ Geoffrey Jukes (1 January 1973). The Soviet Union in Asia. University of California Press. pp. 302–. ISBN 978-0-520-02393-2.
- ↑ 37.0 37.1 John W. Garver (1 December 2015). China's Quest: The History of the Foreign Relations of the People's Republic of China. Oxford University Press. pp. 219–. ISBN 978-0-19-026106-1.
- ↑ 38.0 38.1 A. Dahana (2002). "China Role's in Indonesia's "Crush Malaysia" Campaign". Universitas Indonesia. Archived from the original on 19 July 2016. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
- ↑ 39.0 39.1 Mohd. Noor Mat Yazid (2013). "Malaysia-Indonesia Relations Before and After 1965: Impact on Bilateral and Regional Stability" (PDF). Programme of International Relations, School of Social Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2016. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
- ↑ Ching Fatt Yong (1997). The origins of Malayan communism. South Seas Society. ISBN 978-9971-936-12-9.
- ↑ T. N. Harper; Timothy Norman Harper (9 April 2001). The End of Empire and the Making of Malaya. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00465-7.
- ↑ Major James M. Kimbrough IV (6 November 2015). Disengaging From Insurgencies: Insights From History And Implications For Afghanistan. Pickle Partners Publishing. pp. 88–. ISBN 978-1-78625-345-3.
- ↑ 43.0 43.1 43.2 43.3 43.4 43.5 43.6 "Korean War". History.com. A&E Television Networks, LLC. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
- ↑ 44.00 44.01 44.02 44.03 44.04 44.05 44.06 44.07 44.08 44.09 44.10 44.11 44.12 44.13 44.14 44.15 44.16 44.17 44.18 44.19 44.20 44.21 44.22 "The Korean War, 1950–1953". U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian. Office of the Historian, Bureau of Public Affairs, United States Department of State. Archived from the original on 2 July 2015. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
- ↑ 45.00 45.01 45.02 45.03 45.04 45.05 45.06 45.07 45.08 45.09 45.10 45.11 45.12 45.13 45.14 45.15 "Britain's Forgotten War". BBC News. 20 April 2001. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
- ↑ 46.00 46.01 46.02 46.03 46.04 46.05 46.06 46.07 46.08 46.09 HistoryNet Staff (21 August 2006). "Korean War: British 27th Brigade Take Hill 282". HistoryNet. World History Group, LLC. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
- ↑ 47.0 47.1 47.2 47.3 47.4 "Romania's "Fraternal Support" to North Korea during the Korean War, 1950–1953". Wilson Center. Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. 12 December 2011. Retrieved 8 July 2015.
- ↑ 48.0 48.1 48.2 48.3 48.4 48.5 48.6 English, June; Jones, Thomas (September 2003) [1998]. Encyclopedia of the United States At War. Scholastic Inc. pp. 148–159. ISBN 978-0-439-59229-1.
- ↑ "Českoslovenští lékaři stáli v korejské válce na straně KLDR. Jejich mise stále vyvolává otazníky" (in čeština). Czech Radio. 11 April 2013. Retrieved 25 July 2016.
- ↑ Alliston, Michael; et al. (27 May 2015). "HMS Belfast". koreanwar.org. Korean War Project. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
- ↑ Hempel, William; Jenks, George; Peelgrane, Tanish (29 March 2012). "Denmark – Navy – Korean War". koreanwar.org. Korean War Project. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
- ↑ Young Sam Ma. "Israel's Role in the UN during the Korean War" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 August 2015. Retrieved 8 July 2015.
- ↑ "Looking For United Nations – Korean War". koreanwar.org. Korean War Project. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
- ↑ Swick, Kjerstin; et al. (17 March 2005). "Norway – Korean War". koreanwar.org. Korean War Project. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
- ↑ Laura Desfor Edles (28 May 1998). Symbol and Ritual in the New Spain: The Transition to Democracy after Franco. Cambridge University Press. p. 32. ISBN 978-0-521-62885-3.
- ↑ Niederschmidt, Robert; et al. (30 March 2011). "Sweden – Korean War". koreanwar.org. Korean War Project. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
- ↑ Maeder, Thomas (26 December 2007). "Switzerland – Korean War Truce". koreanwar.org. Korean War Project. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
- ↑ Nissimi, Hilda (2006). "Mau Mau and the Decolonisation of Kenya". Journal of Military and Strategic Studies. 8 (3): 11. Archived from the original on 22 March 2012..
- ↑ 59.00 59.01 59.02 59.03 59.04 59.05 59.06 59.07 59.08 59.09 59.10 59.11 "Vietnam War History". History.com. A&E Television Networks, LLC. Retrieved 9 July 2015.
- ↑ 60.0 60.1 60.2 60.3 60.4 Cummins, Joseph (2009). The War Chronicles, From Flintlocks to Machine Guns: A Global Reference of All the Major Modern Conflicts. Beverly, Massachusetts: Fair Winds Press. pp. 362–377. ISBN 978-1-59233-305-9.
- ↑ 61.0 61.1 61.2 61.3 61.4 Cummins, Joseph (2011). History's Greatest Wars: The Epic Conflicts that Shaped the Modern World. Beverly, Massachusetts: Fair Winds Press. pp. 272–281. ISBN 978-1-59233-471-1.
- ↑ 62.00 62.01 62.02 62.03 62.04 62.05 62.06 62.07 62.08 62.09 62.10 62.11 Hart-Davis, Adam (2010). History: The Definitive Visual Guide. New York, New York: Dorling Kindersley Limited. pp. 430–431. ISBN 978-0-7566-7456-4.
- ↑ 63.0 63.1 63.2 63.3 63.4 63.5 63.6 English, June; Jones, Thomas (September 2003) [1998]. Encyclopedia of the United States at War. New York, New York: Scholastic Inc. pp. 162–177. ISBN 978-0-439-59229-1.
- ↑ 64.00 64.01 64.02 64.03 64.04 64.05 64.06 64.07 64.08 64.09 64.10 64.11 64.12 64.13 64.14 64.15 64.16 64.17 64.18 64.19 64.20 Friedman, Herbert. "Allies of the Republic of Vietnam". psywarrior.com. Retrieved 9 July 2015.
- ↑ "BBC: North Korea fought in Vietnam War". BBC World Service. 2000-03-31. – Sokáig Vietnam és a KNDK is tagadta, hogy észak-koreaiak részt vettek volna a háborúban, de 2000-ben végül a vietnami vezetés megerősítette a korábbi feltevéseket (bár a pontos észak-koerai létszámadatok és az áldozatok száma továbbra sem ismert).
- ↑ 66.0 66.1 66.2 66.3 66.4 66.5 66.6 66.7 Bilinsky, Yaroslav (2004). "Communist Bloc". Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 9 July 2015.
- ↑ The Cuban Military Under Castro, 1989. Page 76
- ↑ Cuba in the World, 1979. Page 66
- ↑ "Why did Sweden support the Viet Cong?". HistoryNet. July 25, 2013. Retrieved July 20, 2016.
- ↑ "Sweden announces support to Viet Cong". HISTORY.com. Retrieved July 20, 2016.
In Sweden, Foreign Minister Torsten Nilsson reveals that Sweden has been providing assistance to the Viet Cong, including some $550,000 worth of medical supplies. Similar Swedish aid was to go to Cambodian and Laotian civilians affected by the Indochinese fighting. This support was primarily humanitarian in nature and included no military aid.
- ↑ John Pike. "Sudan Civil War". Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 6 December 2011.
- ↑ 72.0 72.1 Acig.org. "Sudan, Civil War since 1955".
- ↑ 73.0 73.1 Johnson, Douglas (2011). The Root Causes of Sudan's Civil Wars: Peace Or Truce. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. pp. 36–37. ISBN 978-1-84701-029-2.
- ↑ Leach, Justin (2012). War and Politics in Sudan: Cultural Identities and the Challenges of the Peace Process. I.B.Tauris. p. 178. ISBN 978-1-78076-227-2.
- ↑ 75.0 75.1 75.2 75.3 75.4 75.5 75.6 "Suez Crisis". History. A&E Television Networks, LLC. Retrieved 8 July 2015.
- ↑ "Глава 8. От Народного восстания до Культурной революции (часть 2) » Сохраним Тибет! - Тибет, Далай-лама, буддизм". Retrieved 10 December 2016.
- ↑ Deliveries of weapons, intelligence
- ↑ Military instructors, supply of weapons, ammunition and food, intelligence
- ↑ Training camp of rebels in the country, fighting between the rebels and the PLA on the Nepal-Tibet border
- ↑ См. Резолюция Генеральной Ассамблеи ООН 1353, 1723, 2079
- ↑ 81.00 81.01 81.02 81.03 81.04 81.05 81.06 81.07 81.08 81.09 "Guatemala Civil War, 1960–1996". GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved 12 July 2015.
- ↑ The Kashmir Question: Retrospect and Prospect, 2013. Page 121.
- ↑ The Giant's Rival: The USSR and Latin America, Revised Edition, 1988. Page 143.
- ↑ "Inevitable Revolutions: The United States in Central America"
- ↑ "Mexico, the key of the development of the guerrilla movement in Latin America". Elsiglodetorreon.com.mx. 17 March 2008. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
- ↑ "Welcome to acig.org". www.acig.org.
- ↑ "The Soviet Union and Revolutionary Warfare: Principles, Practices, and..." Retrieved 10 April 2015.
- ↑ "Our work in Nicaragua". Swedish International Development Corporation Agency (www.sida.se). 2009. Archived from the original on 2013-04-18.
- ↑ "Sandinistas Find Economic Ally In Socialist Sweden". philly-archives. Archived from the original on December 30, 2014. Retrieved 10 April 2015.
- ↑ Castro's America Department: Coordinating Cuba's Support for Marxist-Leninist Violence in the Americas. 1988. Page 36
- ↑ China and the Third World: Champion Or Challenger?, 1986. Page 151.
- ↑ Uppsala Conflict Data Program conflict Encyclopedia, El Salvador, In Depth, Negotiating a settlement to the conflict, http://www.ucdp.uu.se/gpdatabase/gpcountry.php?id=51®ionSelect=4-Central_Americas# Archived 2013-10-19 at the Wayback Machine, "...US government increased the security support to prevent a similar thing to happen in El Salvador. This was, not least, demonstrated in the delivery of security aid to El Salvador", viewed on May 24, 2013
- ↑ Hunter, Jane (1987). Israeli foreign policy: South Africa and Central America. Part II: Israel and Central America – Guatemala. pp. 111–137.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ↑ Schirmer, 1996; pg 172
- ↑ Nzongola-Ntalaja, Georges (2007). The Congo, From Leopold to Kabila: A People's History (3rd ed.). New York: Palgrave. p. 101. ISBN 9781842770535.
- ↑ Nugent, Paul (2004). Africa since Independence: A Comparative History. New York: Palgrave-MacMillan. p. 97. ISBN 9780333682739.
- ↑ The secession of Katanga and South Kasai was also supported by South Africa, France and the neighbouring Central African Federation,[95] but none of these officially recognised either state.[96]
- ↑ 98.00 98.01 98.02 98.03 98.04 98.05 98.06 98.07 98.08 98.09 98.10 98.11 98.12 Rodrigues, Samuel (20 April 2012). "The Portuguese Colonial War: Why the Military Overthrew its Government". Archived from the original on 16 January 2016. Retrieved 12 July 2015.
- ↑ 99.0 99.1 99.2 Chirambo, Reuben (2004). ""Operation Bwezani": The Army, Political Change, and Dr Banda's Hegemony in Malawi" (PDF). Nordic Journal of African Studies. 13 (2). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 June 2018. Retrieved 12 May 2011.
- ↑ Vanly, I. C. (1992). "The Kurds in Syria and Lebanon". In Kreyenbroek, P. G.; Sperl, S. (eds.). The Kurds: A Contemporary Overview. Routledge. pp. 151–2. ISBN 978-0-415-07265-6.
- ↑ Michael G. Lortz. "(Chapter 1, Introduction). The Kurdish Warrior Tradition and the Importance of the Peshmerga" (PDF). pp. 39–42. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-29. Retrieved 2014-10-16.
- ↑ 102.0 102.1 102.2 Fauriol, Georges A; Loser, Eva (1990). Cuba: the international dimension. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 978-0-88738-324-3.
- ↑ 103.0 103.1 The maverick state: Gaddafi and the New World Order, 1996. Page 71.
- ↑ 104.0 104.1 Connell, Dan; Killion, Tom (2011). Historical Dictionary of Eritrea. Scarecrow Press, Inc. ISBN 978-0-8108-5952-4.
- ↑ Schoultz, Lars (2009). That infernal little Cuban republic: the United States and the Cuban Revolution. The University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-3260-8.
- ↑ 106.0 106.1 Historical Dictionary of Eritrea, 2010. Page 492
- ↑ 107.0 107.1 Oil, Power and Politics: Conflict of Asian and African Studies, 1975. Page 97.
- ↑ Eritrea: Even the Stones Are Burning, 1998. Page 110
- ↑ Eritrea – liberation or capitulation, 1978. Page 103
- ↑ Politics and liberation: the Eritrean struggle, 1961–86 : an analysis of the political development of the Eritrean liberation struggle 1961–86 by help of a theoretical framework developed for analysing armed national liberation movements, 1987. Page 170
- ↑ Tunisia, a Country Study, 1979. Page 220.
- ↑ African Freedom Annual, 1978. Page 109
- ↑ Ethiopia at Bay: A Personal Account of the Haile Selassie Years, 2006. page 318.
- ↑ Historical Dictionary of Eritrea, 2010. page 460
- ↑ 115.0 115.1 Spencer C. Tucker, A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East, 2009. page 2402
- ↑ 116.0 116.1 The Pillage of Sustainablility in Eritrea, 1600s–1990s: Rural Communities and the Creeping Shadows of Hegemony, 1998. Page 82.
- ↑ 117.0 117.1 117.2 Connell, Dan (March 2005). Building a New Nation: Collected Articles on the Eritrean Revolution (1983–2002). Red Sea Press. ISBN 978-1-56902-199-6.
- ↑ "Eritrean War of Independence 1961–1993". Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2007-09-06.
- ↑ "A Little Help from Some Friends". Time. 1978-10-16. Archived from the original on June 11, 2008. Retrieved 2007-09-06.
- ↑ "F-15 Fight: Who Won What". Time. 1978-05-29. Archived from the original on October 1, 2007. Retrieved 2007-09-06.
- ↑ 121.0 121.1 "Communism, African-Style". Time. 1983-07-04. Archived from the original on December 22, 2008. Retrieved 2007-09-06.
- ↑ 122.0 122.1 "Ethiopia Red Star Over the Horn of Africa". Time. 1986-08-04. Archived from the original on October 1, 2007. Retrieved 2007-09-06.
- ↑ 123.0 123.1 "Ethiopia a Forgotten War Rages On". Time. 1985-12-23. Archived from the original on April 16, 2009. Retrieved 2007-09-06.
- ↑ 124.0 124.1 124.2 124.3 Keneally, Thomas (1987-09-27). "In Eritrea". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-08-14.
- ↑ Foreign Intervention in Africa: From the Cold War to the War on Terror, 2013. Page 158.
- ↑ Chinese and African Perspectives on China in Africa 2009, Page 93
- ↑ Ethiopia and the United States: History, Diplomacy, and Analysis, 2009. page 84.
- ↑ 128.0 128.1 Michael Brecher and Jonathan Wilkenfel. A Study of Crisis: p324-5. University of Michigan Press. 1997. "The four actors in the first phase of the long Yemen War were Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Egypt and Yemen"
- ↑ 129.0 129.1 Sandler, Stanley. Ground Warfare: The International Encyclopedia. Vol. 1 (2002): p. 977. "Egypt immediately began sending military supplies and troops to assist the Republicans... On the royalist side Jordan and Saudi Arabia were furnishing military aid, and Britain lent diplomatic support. In addition to the Egyptian aid, the Soviet Union allegedly supplied 24 Mig-19s to the republicans."
- ↑ 130.00 130.01 130.02 130.03 130.04 130.05 130.06 130.07 130.08 130.09 130.10 130.11 "The Dhofar Rebellion". countrystudies.us. Retrieved 5 May 2016.
- ↑ Cheah Boon Kheng, p. 149
- ↑ 132.0 132.1 132.2 Hara, Fujiol (December 2005). "The North Kalimantan Communist Party and the People's Republic of China". The Developing Economies. XLIII (1): 489–513. doi:10.1111/j.1746-1049.2005.tb00956.x. hdl:10.1111/j.1746-1049.2005.tb00956.x. S2CID 153955103.
- ↑ Fowler, Will (2006). Britain's Secret War: The Indonesian Confrontation 1962–66. London: Osprey Publishing. pp. 11, 41. ISBN 978-1-84603-048-2.
- ↑ Kriger, Norma J. (May 2003). Guerrilla Veterans in Post-war Zimbabwe: Symbolic and Violent Politics, 1980–1987. Cambridge University Press. p. 65. ISBN 978-0-521-81823-0.
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Russia was widely viewed as supporting the Armenian position. Much of this perception stemmed from the fact that Russia transferred military support to Armenia during the Nagorno-Karabakh War.
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...Erdoğan noted that Turkey's unconditional support for Azerbaijan...
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...Turkey's support for Azerbaijan in the conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh...
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Turkey's border with Armenia has remained sealed since 1994, due to Turkish support for Azerbaijan in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.
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Israel supported the Azeri side in this conflict by supplying Stinger missiles to Azerbaijani troops during the war.
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In addition to commercial links, Israel has given strong backing to Azerbaijan in its conflict with Armenia over Nagorno-Karabakh, which reportedly has included military assistance.
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But as subsequent events evolved it became all too apparent that Ukraine has steadfastly stood behind Azerbaijan in the Nagorno-Karabagh conflict all along. ...it was reported from Stepanakert that Ukraine had shipped 40 tanks to Azerbaijan. Later that number was raised to 59. Ukraine had also supplied Azerbaijan with Mig-21 attack places.
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{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ↑ 374.0 374.1 374.2 374.3 Faucompret, Erik; Konings, Jozef (2008). Turkish Accession to the EU: Satisfying the Copenhagen Criteria. Hoboken: Taylor & Francis. p. 168. ISBN 978-0-203-92896-7.
The Turkish establishment considered the Kurds' demand for the recognition of their identity a threat to the territorial integrity of the state, the more so because the PKK was supported by countries hostile to Turkey: Soviet Union, Greece, Cyprus, Iran and especially Syria. Syria hosted the organization and its leader for twenty years, and it provided training facilities in the Beka'a Valley of Syrian-controlled northern Lebanon.
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The PKK was originally established as a Marxist party, with ties to the Soviet Union
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The PKK was originally established as a Marxist party, with ties to the Soviet Union
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With the explicit supports of some Arab countries for the PKK such as Syria...
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PKK has had substantial operations in northern Iraq, with the support of Iran and Syria.
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Iran's Revolutionary Guards (Pasdaran) trained the PKK in Lebanon's Beka'a Valley. Iran supported the PKK despite Turkey's strict neutrality during the Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988).
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Other groups that have received Libyan support include the Turkish PKK...
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:JUAN GONZÁLEZ: And the concerns in some circles that this is really developing into a proxy war with Iran and Hezbollah, rather than actually trying to deal with the situation internally within Syria? :PATRICK COCKBURN: Yeah, it already has turned into a proxy war. You can see that with—Hezbollah and Iran were involved, but also the U.S. was—had already combined with Qatar to send weapons. Qatar has sent up to $3 billion to the rebels, 70 loads of flights of weapons, organized by—with the CIA. - ↑ "Resurgent Russia takes on tenacious Turkey". Al Jazeera. 9 December 2015. Retrieved 24 December 2015.
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