List of heads of government of Russia
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- Top left: In 1905, Sergei Witte became the first prime minister of the Russian Empire.
- Top right: In 1917, Vladimir Lenin became the first prime minister of Soviet Russia and later the Soviet Union (1922).
- Bottom left: In 1992, Viktor Chernomyrdin became the first prime minister of post-soviet Russia.
- Bottom right: Mikhail Mishustin is the current prime minister.
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Approximately 38 people have been head of the Russian government since its establishment in 1905. The Council of Ministers of the Russian Empire, created in November 1905, was preceded by a number of cabinet-like institutions. Oldest of them was the Supreme Privy Council, created in 1726 by the empress Catherine I. Considering weakness of her and her successor's powers, the Council acted as government of the Russian Empire until 1731. Its successor departments such as the Cabinet of Her Imperial Majesty (1731–41), the Conference at the Highest Court (1756–62), the Imperial Council (1762) and finally the Council at the Highest Court (1768–1801) remained mostly advisory bodies to the monarch. The ministerial reform of 1802 introduced the Committee of Ministers, which competence was limited to interagency issues. The committee was not responsible for the activities of individual ministries and for the coherence of their policies. Beginning with Count Aleksandr Romanovich Vorontsov, the eldest of the officers was de facto chairman of the committee. Eight years after the inauguration of the manifest, the first de jure office holder was Count Nikolay Rumyantsev.[1] According to the tradition established over time, the chairmanship of the committee was the last honorary position, to which elderly respected officials were appointed. The Council of Ministers was unofficially formed in October 1857, as a result of Emperor Alexander II's reforms; its first session began on 19 (31) December 1857. Before the actual formation of that body on 12 (24) November 1861, the Emperor himself was in charge. The Council of Ministers consisted of chairmen of the State Council and the Committee of Ministers, as well as high-ranking officers appointed by the Emperor. The first session ended on 11 (23) December 1882, after the number of files to the Council greatly decreased.[2][3] The imperial Council of Ministers was re-established in late 1905, as a part of the large-scale government reform caused by the First Russian Revolution. All ministries and departments became parts of a single national administration. The Committee of Ministers functioned simultaneously with the second session of the Council of Ministers for six more months; Count Sergei Witte participated on both entities until the abolition of the committee on 23 April (5 May) 1906. By the order of Emperor Nicholas II, the second session of the Council of Ministers began on 19 October (1 November) 1905, following the formation of the State Duma. Shortly after the February Revolution and the inception of the Russian Provisional Government on 2 (15) March 1917, Georgy Lvov from the Constitutional Democratic Party became Minister-Chairman, who was succeeded by Alexander Kerensky in July. In November 1917 the Provisional Government was overthrown by the Bolshevik faction of Russian social democrats led by Vladimir Lenin. The Council of People's Commissars of the Russian Soviet Republic became the new governmental body, which was chaired from 1917 to 1924 by Lenin. That body was renamed Council of Ministers following a decree of the Supreme Council on 23 March 1946. The same was made in other republics of the Soviet Union. After the fall of the Soviet Union, Boris Yeltsin, as the President of the Russian Federation, was appointed as the extraordinary head of government of the Russian Federation. The latter body took the name "Council of Ministers — Government of Russia", the chairman of which became Viktor Chernomyrdin, replacing acting chairman Yegor Gaidar. According to the new constitution ratified on 25 December 1993, the "Government" (Russian: Правительство, romanized: Pravitelstvo) is the official name of the Russian cabinet. Since then, the head of that office takes the formal title "Chairmen of the Government" or colloquially "Prime Minister." Current Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin took the office on 16 January 2020. The youngest head of government by his accession to office was Sergey Kiriyenko (1998), at age 35, and the oldest Ivan Goremykin (1914), at age 74.
Russian Empire (1721–1917)
Early collegial institutions without a single leader
Since the 18th century, a modern system of public administration was going to be created in Russia, including the formation of bodies such as the Supreme Privy Council and the Committee of Ministers whose powers are similar to the powers of the modern Russian Government. In the period from 1726 to 1905 there was no official title for the leader of the government. The chief ministers (principal ministres) of certain Emperor of All Russia nonetheless led the government de facto, but de jure the head of government was a monarch.[4]
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Committee of Ministers (1802–1905)
The Committee of Ministers was established on 20 September 1802 in the course of Alexander I's ministerial reform. All the ministers were independent from each other and were responsible for the activities of their departments individually. The committee was not responsible either for the activities of individual ministries, or for the coherence of their policies. During the first years of the existence of the committee, its meetings were chaired by the Emperor, and in his absence - by the ministers alternately, starting with the senior in rank, each for 4 sessions. In 1810, the chairmanship was given to the chancellor and chairman of the State Council Count N.P. Rumyantsev.
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Prime Minister of the Russian Empire (1905–1917)
The modern government type in Russia came after the establishment of the Council of Ministers on 1 November 1905, created for the "management and union action principal chiefs of departments on subjects like law and senior public administration", and modelled on the relevant institutions within the constitutional states, when all the ministries and directorates have been declared part of the unified state management.[clarification needed] The first Prime Minister was Count Sergei Witte, who was appointed on 6 November 1905.[22]
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Provisional Government/Russian Republic (1917)
After the alleged abdication of Nicholas II from the throne in favor of his brother Michael, Michael also abdicated, before the convening of the Constituent Assembly. On 14 September 1917, the Russian Republic was proclaimed. At this period, a provisional government was formed and the Prime Minister was the head of state.
| Portrait | Name (birth–death) |
Term of office | Political party | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8 | File:Georgy Lvov, 1919 LOC cropped.jpg | Prince Georgy Yevgenyevich Lvov (1861–1925) |
• | 15 March 1917 | 21 July 1917 | Constitutional Democratic Party |
| 9 | File:Karenskiy AF 1917.jpg | Alexander Fyodorovich Kerensky (1881–1970) |
1 | 21 July 1917 | 14 September 1917 | Socialist Revolutionary Party |
| 2 | 14 September 1917 | 7 November 1917 | ||||
Russian State (1918–1920)
The heads of government of the Russian State during the Civil War were de facto Prime Ministers in exile.
| Portrait | Name (birth–death) |
Term of office | Political party | Head of state | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| File:Пётр Васильевич Вологодский.jpg | Pyotr Vasilyevich Vologodsky (1863–1925) |
I | 4 November 1918 | 18 November 1918 | Socialist Revolutionary Party | Nikolai Avksentiev File:Nikolay Avksentyev.jpg (1918) | ||
| II | 18 November 1918 | 22 November 1919 | Alexander Kolchak File:Aleksandr Kolchak.jpg (1918–1920) | |||||
| File:V.N.Pepeliajev.jpg | Viktor Nikolayevich Pepelyayev (1885–1920) |
22 November 1919 | 4 January 1920 | Independent | ||||
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1917–1991)
Since the creation of the Russian Soviet Republic its cabinet was styled as the Council of People's Commissars. Between the creation of the USSR on 30 December 1922 and the formation of its own Council of People's Commissars on 6 July 1923, the Council of People's Commissars of Russia temporarily acted as the government of the USSR. On 23 March 1946, the Council of People's Commissars was renamed into the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR.
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Russian Federation (1991–present)
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Acting prime ministers
- Vladimir Kokovtsov: 18–22 September 1911
- Konstantin Pamfilov: 5 May 1942 – 2 May 1943
- Oleg Lobov: 26 September – 6 November 1991
- Yegor Gaidar: 15 June – 14 December 1992
- Sergey Kiriyenko: 23 March – 24 April 1998
- Viktor Chernomyrdin: 9–10 August 1996 and 23 August – 11 September 1998
- Sergey Stepashin: 12–19 May 1999
- Vladimir Putin: 9–16 August 1999
- Mikhail Kasyanov: 7–17 May 2000
- Viktor Khristenko: 24 February – 5 March 2004
- Mikhail Fradkov: 7–12 May 2004 and 12–14 September 2007
- Viktor Zubkov: 7–8 May 2008 and 7–8 May 2012
- Dmitry Medvedev: 7–8 May 2018 and 15–16 January 2020
- Andrey Belousov: 30 April – 19 May 2020
- Mikhail Mishustin: 7–10 May 2024
Timeline
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See also
- Prime Minister of Russia
- Politics of Russia
- Government of Russia
- Premier of the Soviet Union
- Bald–hairy
Notes
- ↑ Sources which list Vyazmitinov as Saltykov's successor state a date of 9 September 1812; other sources assert that Saltykov was in office until his death
- ↑ Some sources (such as the Large Soviet Encyclopedia) list Vyazmitinov as committee minister, while other (such as the History of the Fatherland encyclopedia) don't mention him at all and instead list Lopukhin as the successor of Saltykov.
- ↑ Deputy premier Konstantin Pamfilov effectively exercised Khokhlov's duties since 5 May 1942 until his death on 2 May 1943.
- ↑ The Council of Ministers of the RSFSR resigned before the elected President of the RSFSR, who took office on July 10, 1991
- ↑ Headed the government as President of Russia, was not the Prime Minister.
- ↑ Putin de facto took this position on 31 December 1999, when he became Acting President after the resignation of Boris Yeltsin. Elected President on 26 March 2000, officially took office on 7 May 2000.
References
Citations
- ↑ "Комитет министров". Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary: In 86 Volumes (82 Volumes and 4 Additional Volumes) (in русский). St. Petersburg: F. A. Brockhaus. 1890–1907.
- ↑ "Совет министров". Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary: In 86 Volumes (82 Volumes and 4 Additional Volumes) (in русский). St. Petersburg: F. A. Brockhaus. 1890–1907.
- ↑ "Ministers' Council established in Russia". Presidential Library Named After Boris Yeltsin. Retrieved 10 August 2014.
- ↑ 7 царских председателей Совета министров
- ↑ "Верховный тайный совет". Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary: In 86 Volumes (82 Volumes and 4 Additional Volumes) (in русский). St. Petersburg: F. A. Brockhaus. 1890–1907.
- ↑ Салтыков, князь Николай Иванович [Prince Nikolay Ivanovich Saltykov] (in русский). Retrieved 7 April 2014.
- ↑ Неизвестная Фемида : документы, события, люди [The Unknown Themis: Documents, Events, People] (in русский). ОЛМА Медиа Групп. 2003. p. 93. ISBN 978-5-224-04224-1.
- ↑ Кочубей, князь Виктор Павлович [Prince Viktor Pavlovich Kochubey] (in русский). Retrieved 8 April 2014.
- ↑ B. V. Ananych, ed. (2008). Лики России Управленческая элита Российской империи: история министерств, 1802–1917 [Ruling Elite of the Russian Empire: History of Ministries, 1802–1917] (in русский).
- ↑ Васильчиков Илларион Васильевич — Биографический указатель [Illarion Vasilyevich Vasilchikov – Biography] (in русский). Archived from the original on 9 February 2014. Retrieved 5 April 2014.
- ↑ Vladimir Nikolayevich Balyazin; Voldemar Nikolayevich Balyazin (2008). Царский декамерон: От Николая I до Николая II. Исторические книги В.Н. Балязина (Historical Books by V. N. Balyazin) (in русский). Vol. 2. ОЛМА Медиа Групп. p. 49. ISBN 978-5-373-01976-7.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Александр Иванович Чернышев — Биографический указатель [Aleksandr Ivanovich Chernyshov] (in русский). Retrieved 5 April 2014.
- ↑ Землевладельцы Панинского района. Князь Орлов Алексей Фёдорович [Landowners of the Panin Rayon. Prince Alexey Fyodorovich Orlov] (in русский). Retrieved 9 April 2014.
- ↑ Орлов князь Алексей Федорович [Prince Aleksey Fyodorovich Orlov] (in русский). Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 4 April 2014.
- ↑ Павел Павлович Гагарин [Pavel Pavlovich Gagarin] (in русский). Russian Empire. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 5 April 2014.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 Игнатьев Павел Николаевич [Pavel Nikolayevich Ignatyev] (in русский). Russian Empire. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 5 April 2014.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 Валуев Петр Александрович [Pyotr Aleksandrovich Valuyev] (in русский). Russian Empire. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 5 April 2014.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 Рейтерн Михаил Христофорович [Mikhail Khristoforovich Reytern] (in русский). Russian Empire. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 6 April 2014.
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 Бунге Николай Христианович [Nikolay Khristianovich Bunge] (in русский). Russian Empire. Archived from the original on 8 April 2014. Retrieved 7 April 2014.
- ↑ Дурново Иван Николаевич [Ivan Nikolayevich Durnovo] (in русский). Russian Empire. Archived from the original on 8 April 2014. Retrieved 7 April 2014.
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 "Витте Сергей Юлиевич (sic!)" [Sergey Yuliyevich (sic!) Witte] (in русский). Russian Empire. Archived from the original on 8 April 2014. Retrieved 7 April 2014.
- ↑ Преобразован Совет министров Российской империи
- ↑ Заседания Верховного Совета РСФСР [1-го созыва], первая сессия (15-20 июля 1938 г.): стенографический отчет [Sessions of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR [1st convocation], first session (July 15–20, 1938): verbatim record] (in Russian). Moscow: Publishing House of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR. 1938. p. 74.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ↑ Заседания Верховного Совета РСФСР [1-го созыва], первая сессия (15-20 июля 1938 г.): стенографический отчет [Sessions of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR [1st convocation], first session (July 15–20, 1938): verbatim record] (in Russian). Moscow: Publishing House of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR. 1938. pp. 110–111.
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Sources
- S. M. Seredonin, ed. (1902). Т. 1 : Комитет министров в царствование императора Александра Первого (1802 г. сентября 8 – 1825 г. ноября 19). – 1902. [Vol. 1: Committee of Ministers During the Reign of Emperor Aleksandr the First (8 September 1802 – 19 November 1825). – 1902] (in русский). Vol. 1. Government Public Historical Library of Russia.
- B. Yu. Ivanov; B. M. Karev; E. I. Kuksina; A. S. Oreshnikov; O. V. Sukhareva, eds. (1999). История отечества [History of the Fatherland] (in русский). Moscow: Большая Российская энциклопедия (Large Russian Encyclopedia). pp. 554–576.
- K. K. Arsenyev, ed. (1911–1916). Новый энциклопедический словарь [New Encyclopedic Dictionary] (in русский). Vol. 1–29. Saint Petersburg: F. A. Brockhaus and I. A. Efron.
- A. A. Polovtsov, ed. (1896–1918). Русский биографический словарь (Russian Biographical Dictionary) (in Russian). Saint Petersburg: Russian Imperatorial Historical Society of Saint Petersburg