Surgeon General of the United States Army

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Not to be confused with Surgeon General of the United States. "OTSG" redirects here. It is not to be confused with Once-through steam generator
Surgeon General of the
United States Army
File:United States Army Staff Identification Badge.png
Army Staff Identification Badge
File:Flag of the Surgeon General of the United States Army with fringe.svg
Flag of the Surgeon General of the Army, depicting the caduceus
since January 25, 2024
AbbreviationTSG
Reports to
SeatThe Pentagon, Arlington, Virginia, United States
AppointerThe President
with United States Senate's
advice and consent
Term length4 years
Constituting instrument10 U.S.C. § 3036
FormationMarch 13, 1813; 211 years ago (1813-03-13)
First holderBenjamin Church, Jr.
DeputyDeputy Surgeon General of the Army
WebsiteArmy.mil/ArmyMedicine

The Surgeon General of the United States Army is the senior-most officer of the U.S. Army Medical Department (AMEDD). By policy, the Surgeon General (TSG) serves as Commanding General, U.S. Army Medical Command (MEDCOM) as well as head of the AMEDD. The surgeon general's office and staff are known as the Office of the Surgeon General (OTSG) and are located in Falls Church, Virginia. Since 1959, TSG has been appointed in the grade of lieutenant general. By law, TSG may be appointed from any of the six officer branches of the AMEDD. However, prior to the 43rd Surgeon General, Lt. Gen. Patricia Horoho — an Army Nurse Corps officer — all appointed and confirmed surgeons general have been Medical Corps officers — military physicians. The incumbent Surgeon General is Lieutenant General Mary K. Izaguirre.

Duties

As a commanding general, TSG provides advice and assistance to the Chief of Staff, Army (CSA) and to the Secretary of the Army (SECARMY) on all health care matters pertaining to the U.S. Army and its military health care system. The incumbent is responsible for development, policy direction, organization and overall management of an integrated Army-wide health service system and is the medical materiel developer for the Army. These duties include formulating policy regulations on health service support, health hazard assessment and the establishment of health standards. TSG is assisted by the Deputy Surgeon General.

History

Congress established the Medical Service of the Continental Army on July 27, 1775, and placed a "Chief physician & director general" of the Continental Army as its head. The first five surgeons general of the U.S. Army served under this title. An Act of Congress of May 28, 1789, established a "Physician general" of the U.S. Army. Only two physicians, doctors Richard Allison and James Craik, served under this nomenclature. A Congressional Act of March 3, 1813, cited the "Physician & surgeon general" of the U.S. Army. That nomenclature remained in place until the Medical Department was established by the Reorganization Act of April 14, 1818. Additionally, physicians assigned to the U.S. Army were not accorded military rank until 1847.

Surgeons General of the U.S. Army and their precursors

Incumbents from July 27, 1775 — including periods of vacancy
No. Image Name Dates of Tenure Military Rank
1 File:Benjamin Church.jpg Benjamin Church, Jr. July 27, 1775–October 16, 1775 None
2 File:John Morgan (Director General and Physician in Chief of The American Hospital, 1775-1777).jpg John Morgan October 16, 1775–January 1777 None
3 File:William Shippen b1736.jpg William Shippen, Jr. April 11, 1777–January 17, 1781 None
4 File:John Cochran (1730–1807).jpg John Cochran January 17, 1781–1783 None
    1783–1792  
5 Richard Allison 1792–1796 None
    1796–August 1, 1798  
6 File:James Craik.jpg James Craik August 1, 1798–June 15, 1800 None
    June 15, 1800–June 11, 1813  
7 File:James Tilton.jpg James Tilton June 11, 1813–June 15, 1815 None
    June 15, 1815–April 18, 1818  
8 File:Joseph Lovell.jpg Joseph Lovell April 18, 1818–October 17, 1836 None
9 File:ThomasLawsonSGUSA.jpg Thomas Lawson October 17, 1836–May 15, 1861 File:Army-USA-OF-06.svg Brevet Brigadier General
10 File:Clement Alexander Finley - portrait.jpg Clement Finley May 15, 1861–April 28, 1862 File:Army-USA-OF-06.svg Brigadier General
11 File:US Army Surgeon General William Alexander Hammond (MIS 61-4774-1), National Museum of Health and Medicine (3300125058).jpg William A. Hammond April 28, 1862–August 18, 1864 File:Army-USA-OF-06.svg Brigadier General
12 File:The Armed Forces Institute of Pathology - Figure 23.jpg Joseph Barnes August 18, 1864–June 30, 1882 File:Army-USA-OF-06.svg Brigadier General
    June 30, 1882–July 3, 1882  
13 File:Charles H. Crane.png Charles H. Crane July 3, 1882–October 10, 1883 File:Army-USA-OF-06.svg Brigadier General
14 File:Robert Murray (Surgeon General of the U.S. Army).jpg Robert Murray October 10, 1883–August 6, 1886 File:Army-USA-OF-06.svg Brigadier General
    August 6, 1886–November 18, 1886  
15 File:John Moore (1826–1907).jpg John Moore November 18, 1886–16 August 1890 File:Army-USA-OF-06.svg Brigadier General
16 File:Jedediah Hyde Baxter.jpg Jedediah Hyde Baxter August 16, 1890–December 4, 1890 File:Army-USA-OF-06.svg Brigadier General
    December 4, 1890–December 23, 1890  
17 File:Charles Sutherland (US Army Surgeon General).jpg Charles Sutherland December 23, 1890–May 30, 1893 File:Army-USA-OF-06.svg Brigadier General
18 File:General George Miller Sternberg.jpg George Miller Sternberg May 30, 1893– June 8, 1902 File:Army-USA-OF-06.svg Brigadier General
19 File:William H Forwood.png William H. Forwood June 8, 1902– September 7, 1902 File:Army-USA-OF-06.svg Brigadier General
20 File:Gen Robert M OReilly.jpg Robert Maitland O'Reilly September 7, 1902–January 14, 1909 File:Army-USA-OF-06.svg Brigadier General
21 File:US Army Surgeon General George Henry Torney.jpg George H. Torney January 14, 1909–December 27, 1913 File:Army-USA-OF-06.svg Brigadier General
22 File:152-COLONEL WILLIAM C. GORGAS.jpg William C. Gorgas January 1914–1918 File:Army-USA-OF-07.svg Major General
23 File:IRELAND, M.W. GENERAL LCCN2016856409.jpg Merritte W. Ireland October 4, 1918–May 31, 1931 File:Army-USA-OF-07.svg Major General
24 File:PATTERSON, ROBERT U. GENERAL LCCN2016859723.jpg Robert U. Patterson 1931–1935 File:Army-USA-OF-07.svg Major General
25 File:Charles R. Reynolds (cropped).jpg Charles R. Reynolds 1935–1939 File:Army-USA-OF-07.svg Major General
26 File:Major General James C Magee.jpg James C. Magee June 1, 1939–May 31, 1943 File:Army-USA-OF-07.svg Major General
27 File:Norman T. Kirk.jpg Norman T. Kirk 1943–1947 File:Army-USA-OF-07.svg Major General
28 File:Major General Raymond W Bliss.jpg Raymond W. Bliss 1947–1951 File:Army-USA-OF-07.svg Major General
29 George E. Armstrong 1951–1955 File:Army-USA-OF-07.svg Major General
30 File:Silas B. Hays.jpg Silas B. Hays 1955–June 1959 File:Army-USA-OF-07.svg Major General
31 File:Leonard Dudley Heaton.jpg Leonard D. Heaton June 1959–1969 File:Army-USA-OF-08.svg Lieutenant General
32 File:Hal B. Jennings.jpg Hal B. Jennings October 10, 1969–October 1, 1973 File:Army-USA-OF-08.svg Lieutenant General
33 File:Richard Ray Taylor.jpg Richard R. Taylor October 1, 1973–October 1, 1977 File:Army-USA-OF-08.svg Lieutenant General
34 File:Lt. Gen. Charles C. Pixley.jpg Charles C. Pixley October 1, 1977– September 20, 1981 File:Army-USA-OF-08.svg Lieutenant General
35 File:BTMittemeyer.jpg Bernhard T. Mittemeyer October 1, 1981–February 1, 1985 File:Army-USA-OF-08.svg Lieutenant General
36 File:Quinn Henderson Becker.jpeg Quinn H. Becker February 1, 1985–May 31, 1988[1] File:Army-USA-OF-08.svg Lieutenant General
37 File:Frank Ledford.jpeg Frank F. Ledford Jr. June 1, 1988–June 30, 1992[1] File:Army-USA-OF-08.svg Lieutenant General
38 File:AMLanoue.jpeg Alcide M. Lanoue September 8, 1992–September 30, 1996[1] File:Army-USA-OF-08.svg Lieutenant General
39 File:Lt. Gen. Ronald R. Blanck.jpg Ronald R. Blanck October 1, 1996– September 22, 2000[1] File:Army-USA-OF-08.svg Lieutenant General
40 File:Portrait of U.S. Army Lt. Gen. James B. Peake The Surgeon General-Commander, U.S. Army Medical Command.jpg James Peake September 22, 2000 – July 8, 2004 File:Army-USA-OF-08.svg Lieutenant General
    July 8, 2004 – September 30, 2004  
41 File:Kevin c kiley.jpg Kevin C. Kiley September 30, 2004–March 12, 2007 File:Army-USA-OF-08.svg Lieutenant General (retired as File:Army-USA-OF-07.svg Major General)
    March 12, 2007–December 11, 2007  
42 File:LTG Eric Schoomaker.jpg Eric Schoomaker December 11, 2007–December 5, 2011 File:Army-USA-OF-08.svg Lieutenant General
43 File:Lt. Gen. Patricia D. Horoho (4) (cropped).jpg Patricia Horoho December 5, 2011–December 3, 2015 File:Army-USA-OF-08.svg Lieutenant General
    December 3, 2015–December 11, 2015  
44 File:Lt. Gen. Nadja Y. West (2).jpg Nadja West December 11, 2015–July 19, 2019 File:Army-USA-OF-08.svg Lieutenant General
    July 19, 2019–October 17, 2019  
45 File:LTG R. Scott Dingle (2).jpg R. Scott Dingle October 17, 2019–January 25, 2024 File:Army-USA-OF-08.svg Lieutenant General
46 File:LTG Mary V. Krueger.jpg Mary K. Izaguirre January 25, 2024–present File:Army-USA-OF-08.svg Lieutenant General

Agencies, centers, offices, and programs within the OTSG

See also

File:LibraryandMuseumof theSurgeonGeneral'sOffice.jpg
Library and Museum of the OTSG, Washington, D.C.; Hand-colored photo, 1887.

Further reading

  • Heitman, Francis B. (1903). Historical register and dictionary of the United States Army: from its organization, September 29, 1789, to March 2, 1903. Vol. 1. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. hdl:2027/mdp.39015008097027. LCCN 03023852. OCLC 558132723.
  • Heitman, Francis B. (1903). Historical register and dictionary of the United States Army: from its organization, September 29, 1789, to March 2, 1903. Vol. 2. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. hdl:2027/mdp.39015008097035. OCLC 1062849539.

References and notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Steahly, Lance P.; Cannon, David W. Sr (2018). The Evolution of Forward Surgery in the US Army: From the Revolutionary War to the Combat Operations of the 21st Century. Government Printing Office. ISBN 9780160947841. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
  • Heitman, Francis B. (1903), Historical Register and Dictionary of the United States Army, from Its Organization, September 29, 1789, to March 2, 1903; Washington, DC: Government Printing Office; 2 vol. (Vol. 1, pp 41–42 details the Medical Department.)

External links

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