Football at the Summer Olympics
| Football at the Summer Olympics | |
|---|---|
| File:Football pictogram.svg | |
| IOC Code | FBL |
| Governing body | FIFA |
| Events | 2 (men: 1; women: 1) |
| Summer Olympics | |
| Tournaments (men・women) | |
Association football[note 1] has been included in every Summer Olympic Games as a men's competition sport, except 1896 (the inaugural Games) and 1932 (in an attempt to promote the new FIFA World Cup tournament). Women's football was added to the official program at the Atlanta 1996 Games.[1][2] In order to avoid competition with the World Cup, FIFA have restricted participation of elite players in the men's tournament in various ways: currently, squads for the men's tournament are required to be composed of players under 23 years of age, with three permitted exceptions.[3][4][5] By comparison, the women's football tournament is a full senior-level international tournament, second in prestige only to the FIFA Women's World Cup.[6][7][8] Another major difference between the men's and women's tournaments is that the men's tournament is not included in the FIFA International Match Calendar,[9] while the women's tournament is included.[10][11] This in turn means that clubs are not required to release players for the men's tournament, but must release players for the women's event.[12][13]
History
Pre-World Cup era
Beginnings
Football was not included in the program at the first modern Olympic Games in Athens in 1896, as international football was in its infancy at the time. However, sources claim that an unofficial football tournament was organised during the first competition, with participating teams including Athens and Smyrna (İzmir), then part of the Ottoman Empire.[14] However, according to Bill Mallon's research, this is an error which has been perpetuated in multiple texts.[15] Tournaments were played at the 1900 and 1904 games and the Intercalated Games of 1906, but these were contested by various clubs and scratch teams.[14] Although the IOC considers the 1900 and 1904 tournaments to be official Olympic events, they are not recognised by FIFA, and neither recognises the Intercalated Games today. In 1900 the competition was won by the London amateurs of Upton Park FC, representing Great Britain. The 1904 tournament was won by Canada, represented by Galt FC.
British successes
In the London Games of 1908 a proper international tournament was organised by the Football Association, featuring just six teams. The number of teams rose to eleven in 1912, when the competition was organised by the Swedish Football Association. Many of these early matches were unbalanced, as evidenced by high scoring games; two players, Sophus Nielsen in 1908 and Gottfried Fuchs in 1912, each scored ten goals in a single match. All players were amateurs, in accordance with the Olympic rules, which meant that countries could not send their full senior national teams. The National Olympic Committee for Great Britain and Ireland asked the Football Association to send an English national amateur team. Some of the English members played with professional clubs, most notably Derby County's Ivan Sharpe, Bradford City F.C. Harold Walden and Chelsea's Vivian Woodward. England won the first two official tournaments convincingly, beating Denmark both times.
1920s and the rise of Uruguay
During the 1920 final against Belgium, the Czechoslovakia national football team walked off the field to protest the refereeing of John Lewis[16] and the militarised mood within the stadium in Antwerp. This would be the final all-European football competition at the Olympic games, with Egypt, the United States, and Uruguay participating in 1924.[16] With teams from new regions the quality of play increased, as did fan interest.[16] Uruguay dominated the tournament, winning their four games by a combined score of 15-1: the final was a 3–0 victory over Switzerland.[16] In 1928, football was the most popular event at the games[17] and the final was an all-South American affair. Because no other major international tournament existed yet, Uruguay defeated Argentina 2–1 in what David Goldblatt says was "football's first world championship".[18] After these tournaments, FIFA realized that the Olympic movement prevented nations from competing on an equal footing and, given that the Olympics only permitted amateurs to participate, did not represent the true strength of the international game. The popularity of international soccer gave FIFA the incentive to create an international tournament, and FIFA began organising the World Cup.[17]
After the first World Cup
Tumultuous '30s
Following Jules Rimet's proposal in 1929 to initiate a professional World Championship of Football, the sport was dropped from the 1932 Los Angeles Games by FIFA in an attempt to promote the new tournament. Football returned to controversy at the 1936 Berlin Games. The German organisers were intent on the return of the game to the Olympic movement since it guaranteed income into the organisation's coffers. The Italian team intimidated a referee. Peru scored a contested victory over Austria in overtime, with a fan invasion of the field at the very end. The Austrian team asked for the result to be annulled, and the game repeated. FIFA agreed, but the Peruvian team refused and left the Olympics.[19][20]
Soviet Bloc dominance amid amateurism controversy
As professionalism spread around the world, the gap in quality between the World Cup and the Olympics widened. The countries that benefited most were the Soviet Bloc countries of Eastern Europe, where top athletes were state-sponsored while retaining their status as amateurs. As a result, young Western amateurs had to face seasoned and veteran Soviet Bloc teams, which put them at a significant disadvantage. All Olympic football tournaments from 1948 to 1980 were dominated by the Soviet Union and its satellites.[21] Between 1948 and 1980, 23 out of 28 Olympic medals were won by Eastern Europe, with only Sweden (gold in 1948 and bronze in 1952), Denmark (bronze in 1948 and silver in 1960) and Japan (bronze in 1968) breaking their dominance. The next two tournaments saw some changes due to FIFA's changing of the call-up rules, with only Yugoslavia (bronze in 1984) and the Soviet Union (gold in 1988) winning medals for the Eastern Bloc.
Changes and developments
For the 1984 Los Angeles Games, the IOC decided to admit professional players, however, FIFA still did not want the Olympics to rival the World Cup. A compromise was struck that allowed teams from countries outside of UEFA and CONMEBOL to field their strongest sides, while restricting UEFA and CONMEBOL (the strongest confederations whose teams had played all finals and won every single World Cup title) countries to players who had not played in a World Cup.[22][23][24] The 1984 rules were maintained also for the 1988 edition, but with an additional rider: any European and South American footballers who had previously played less than 90 minutes in one single match of the World Cup, were eligible.[25]
1992–present: Age restrictions introduced
Since 1992, male competitors have been required to be under 23 years old,[26][27] and since 1996, a maximum of three over-23-year-old players have been allowed per squad.[note 2][30][31] African countries have taken particular advantage of this, with Nigeria and Cameroon winning in 1996 and 2000 respectively.[32] Because of the unusual format and the separation from the main national teams that play the World Cup and top continental tournaments, historically strong men's national teams have unimpressive Olympic records. Uruguay, who won the two tournaments prior to the World Cup's creation, only qualified again in 2012, after an 84-year absence.[33] Argentina won silver twice (1928 and 1996) before the 2004 tournament, but its appearance in Athens 2004, in which it won the first gold medal, was only their seventh overall.[34][35] Brazil's silver medals in the 1984, 1988 and 2012 editions were the best they had achieved until back-to-back golds in 2016 and 2020, the former on home soil.[36][37][38][39][40][41] Italy has only won the Olympic title once, in 1936, although along with the two bronzes, the team has the highest number of appearances in the tournament, with 15, the last in 2008.[42] France won the Olympic title in 1984, but only qualified twice ever since. A team from Germany won the gold medal only once, in 1976 (East Germany), and the reunified team did not make an Olympic appearance until 2016, when they won silver. Spain has won gold in 1992 and 2024, the former as hosts, and followed it with two silver medals (in 2000 and 2020, having also won a third in 1920), along with a few failures to qualify.
British non-involvement
Football in the United Kingdom has no single governing body, and there are separate teams for the UK's four Home Nations: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Further to this, only the English Football Association (FA) is affiliated to the British Olympic Association (BOA), and the FA entered "Great Britain" teams to the football tournaments until 1972. In 1950, the FA abolished the distinction between "amateur" and "professional" football, and ceased to enter the Olympics. Even though FIFA has allowed professionals at the Olympics since 1984, the FA did not re-enter, as the Home Nations were concerned that a united British Olympic team would set a precedent that might cause FIFA to question their separate status in other FIFA competitions, and even their status on or the existence of the International Football Association Board.[43][44] When London was selected to host the 2012 Games, there was pressure on the English FA to exercise the host nation's automatic right to field a team.[45] In 2009 the plan agreed by the FA with the Welsh FA, Scottish FA and Irish FA was only to field English players;[46] however the BOA overruled this,[47] and ultimately there were Welsh players in the men's squad and Scots players in the women's squad.[48] After the 2012 games, the FA decided that no team would be entered in subsequent men's tournaments, but was open to fielding a women's team again. The distinction recognised the importance and status of Olympic football in the women's international game.[49] For the 2020 tournament, FIFA stated that the women's UK team (not applied to the men's UK team) may enter the Olympics after the four FAs agreed, depending on the performance of women's English team in 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup (which serves as the European qualification for the Olympics). This brought women's football under the BOA jurisdiction in line with the long-standing qualification rules in field hockey and rugby sevens, although the home nation's sevens teams were subsumed into a standing Great Britain team in 2022.[50][51]
Venues
Due to the number of large stadia required for the Olympic tournament, venues in distant cities – often more than 200 km (120 mi) away from the main host – are typically used for the football tournament. In an extreme example, two early-round venues for the 1984 Games were on the East Coast of the United States, well over 2,000 miles (3,200 km) from the host city of Los Angeles. The next Games held in the United States, the 1996 Games, were unique in that no matches were held in the host city of Atlanta; the nearest venue and the site of the finals was 65 miles (105 km) away on the University of Georgia campus in Athens. Counting the 2016 and 2020 Summer Olympics, there are 127 venues that have hosted Olympic football, the most of any sport.
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Events
| Event | 96 | 1900 | 04 | 08 | 12 | 20 | 24 | 28 | 32 | 36 | 48 | 52 | 56 | 60 | 64 | 68 | 72 | 76 | 80 | 84 | 88 | 92 | 96 | 2000 | 04 | 08 | 12 | 16 | 20 | 24 | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men's event | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 28 | ||
| Women's event | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
Competition format
From the 1992 Summer Olympics Football games always start before the opening ceremony because of the event's calendar which needs to be longer than other sports. Since 1996, football starts two days before the games opening ceremonies and since then it is a common condition for some sports. For both the men's and women's tournaments, the competition consists of a round-robin group stage followed by a knockout stage. Teams are placed into groups of 4 teams, with each team playing each other team in its group once. Teams earn 3 points for a win, 1 point for a draw, and 0 points for a loss. The top two teams in each group (as well as the top two third-place finishers, in the women's tournament) advance to the knockout rounds. The knockout rounds are a single-elimination tournament consisting of quarterfinals, semifinals, and the gold and bronze medal matches. Matches consist of two halves of 45 minutes each. Since 2004, during the knockout rounds, if the match is tied after 90 minutes, two 15-minute halves of extra time are played (extra time is skipped in favour of immediate penalty kicks in the bronze medal match if it is played on the same day in the same stadium as the gold medal match). If the score remains tied, penalty kicks, which is 5 rounds, plus extra rounds if tied, are used to determine the winner.[52] The qualifying tournament, like that for the World Cup, is organised along continental lines. Most continental confederations organise a special Under-23 qualifying tournament, although the European qualifiers are drawn from the finalists of the UEFA Under-21 Championship. Teams participating in the preliminary and final competitions must be composed of U-23 players, with up to three players who are at least 23. For Paris 2024, U-23 players were born after 1 January 2001.[53] For the 2024 Games, the number of places allocated to each continent is:
- Europe – 4 (includes host France)
- Asia – 3 or 4
- Africa – 3 or 4
- South America – 2
- North America – 2
- Oceania – 1
Team variants
Men
- 1900–1904: Club teams
- 1908–1948: National teams (full A)
- 1952–1980: National amateur teams (countries from Eastern Europe competed with essentially professional players nominally employed by organs of the state such as armed forces.)[54]
- 1984–1988: National teams (with UEFA/CONMEBOL restrictions)
- 1992: National U23 team
- 1996–present: National U23 team (with three overage players)
Women
- 1996–present: National team (full A)
Men's tournament
| File:Football pictogram.svg | |
| Organising body | IOC FIFA |
|---|---|
| Founded | 1900[55] |
| Region | International |
| Number of teams | 16 (finals) (from 6 confederations) |
| Current champions | File:Flag of Spain.svg Spain (2nd title) |
| Most successful team(s) | File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Great Britain File:Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary (3 titles each) |
| File:Soccerball current event.svg 2024 Summer Olympics | |
Participating nations
Numbers refer to the final placing of each team at the respective Games. Host nation is shown in bold.
| UEFA | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nation | 00 | 04 | 08 | 12 | 20 | 24 | 28 | 36 | 48 | 52 | 56 | 60 | 64 | 68 | 72 | 76 | 80 | 84 | 88 | 92 | 96 | 00 | 04 | 08 | 12 | 16 | 20 | 24 | Years | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| File:Flag of Austria.svg Austria | – | – | – | 6 | – | – | – | 2 | 11 | 5 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 4 | |
| File:Flag of Belarus.svg Belarus | Part of Russian Empire / Soviet Union | – | – | – | – | 10 | – | – | – | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium | 3 | – | – | – | 1 | 15 | 5 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 4 | – | – | – | – | 5 | |
| File:Flag of Bulgaria.svg Bulgaria | – | – | – | – | – | 10 | – | – | – | 17 | 3 | 5 | – | 2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 5 | |
| File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czech Republic | Part of Czechoslovakia | 14 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| File:Flag of Czechoslovakia.svg Czechoslovakia | – | – | – | – | 9 | 9 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | 9 | – | – | 1 | WD | – | – | Split into Slovakia and Czech Republic | 5 | ||||||||
| File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark | – | – | 2 | 2 | 10 | – | – | – | 3 | 5 | – | 2 | – | – | 6 | – | – | – | – | 13 | – | – | – | – | – | 8 | – | – | 9 | |
| File:Flag of East Germany.svg East Germany[56] | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | WD | – | – | 3 | – | 3 | 1 | 2 | WD | – | Merged into West Germany (FRG) | 4 | |||||||||
| File:Flag of Estonia.svg Estonia | – | – | – | – | – | 17 | – | – | Part of Soviet Union | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | |||||||||||
| File:Flag of Finland.svg Finland | – | – | – | 4 | – | – | – | 9 | – | 14 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 9 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 4 | |
| File:Flag of France.svg France | 2 | – | 5 | – | 4 | 5 | 9 | – | 5 | 17 | – | 9 | – | 7 | – | 5 | – | 1 | – | – | 5 | – | – | – | – | – | 13 | 2 | 14 | |
| File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany[57] | – | – | – | 7 | – | – | 5 | 5 | – | 4 | 9 | – | – | – | 5 | – | – | 5 | 3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | 9 | – | 10 | |
| File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Great Britain | 1 | – | 1 | 1 | 11 | – | – | 5 | 4 | 17 | 5 | 8 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 5 | – | – | – | 10 | |
| File:Flag of Greece.svg Greece | – | – | – | – | 13 | – | – | – | – | 17 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 15 | – | – | – | – | – | 3 | |
| File:Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary | – | – | – | 5 | – | 13 | – | 9 | – | 1 | WD | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | – | – | – | – | – | 16 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 9 | |
| File:Flag of Ireland.svg Ireland | – | – | – | – | – | 7 | – | – | 17 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | |
| File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel | Competed with Asia (qualified 2 times) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 15 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||
| File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | – | – | – | 8 | 5 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 9 | – | 4 | DSQ | – | – | – | – | 4 | 4 | 5 | 12 | 5 | 3 | 5 | – | – | – | – | 15 | |
| File:Flag of Latvia.svg Latvia | – | – | – | – | – | 16 | – | – | Part of Soviet Union | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | |||||||||||
| File:Flag of Lithuania.svg Lithuania | – | – | – | – | – | 17 | – | – | Part of Soviet Union | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | |||||||||||
| File:Flag of Luxembourg.svg Luxembourg | – | – | – | – | 12 | 11 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 6 | |
| File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands | – | – | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 9 | – | 9 | 17 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 7 | – | – | – | – | 8 | |
| File:Flag of Norway.svg Norway | – | – | – | 9 | 7 | – | – | 3 | – | 14 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 10 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 5 | |
| File:Flag of Poland.svg Poland | – | – | – | – | – | 17 | – | 4 | – | 9 | – | 10 | – | – | 1 | 2 | – | – | – | 2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 7 | |
| File:Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal | – | – | – | – | – | – | 5 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 4 | – | 14 | – | – | 6 | – | – | 4 | |
| File:Flag of Romania.svg Romania | – | – | – | – | – | 14 | – | – | – | 17 | – | – | 5 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 11 | – | 4 | |
| File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia | – | – | – | 10 | – | Part of Russian Empire / Soviet Union. As the Soviet Union | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | |||||||||||||||
| File:Flag of Serbia.svg Serbia | – | – | – | – | Part of Yugoslavia / Serbia and Montenegro | 12 | – | – | – | – | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||
| File:Flag of Serbia and Montenegro.svg Serbia and Montenegro | – | – | – | – | Part of Yugoslavia | – | – | – | 16 | Split into 2 nations | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||
| File:Flag of Slovakia.svg Slovakia | Part of Czechoslovakia | – | 13 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union | As the Russian Empire | – | – | – | – | 9 | 1 | – | – | – | 3 | 3 | 3 | WD | 1 | – | Split into 15 nations, with Russia as successor | 6 | ||||||||||||
| File:Flag of Spain.svg Spain | – | – | – | – | 2 | 17 | 5 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 6 | – | 12 | 10 | – | – | 1 | 6 | 2 | – | – | 14 | – | 2 | 1 | 12 | |
| File:Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden | – | – | 4 | 11 | 6 | 3 | – | 9 | 1 | 3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 6 | 6 | – | – | – | – | – | 15 | – | – | 10 | |
| File:Flag of Switzerland.svg Switzerland | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | 9 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 13 | – | – | – | 3 | |
| File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey | – | – | – | – | – | 17 | 9 | 9 | 5 | 5 | WD | 14 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 6 | |
| File:Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine | - | – | – | 10 | – | Part of Russian Empire / Soviet Union. As the Soviet Union | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 9 | 1 | |||||||||||||||
| File:Flag of SFR Yugoslavia.svg Yugoslavia | – | – | – | – | 9 | 17 | 9 | – | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 6 | – | – | – | 4 | 3 | 10 | – | Split into 5, later 6 nations | 11 | ||||||||
| CONMEBOL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nation | 00 | 04 | 08 | 12 | 20 | 24 | 28 | 36 | 48 | 52 | 56 | 60 | 64 | 68 | 72 | 76 | 80 | 84 | 88 | 92 | 96 | 00 | 04 | 08 | 12 | 16 | 20 | 24 | Years | |
| File:Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | – | – | – | – | 7 | 10 | – | – | – | WD | – | 8 | – | 2 | – | 1 | 1 | – | 11 | 10 | 7 | 10 | |
| File:Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 5 | – | 6 | 9 | 13 | 13 | 4 | – | 2 | 2 | – | 3 | 7 | – | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | – | 14 | |
| File:Flag of Chile.svg Chile | – | – | – | – | – | – | 17 | – | – | 17 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 7 | – | – | – | 3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 4 | |
| File:Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 10 | 11 | – | 11 | – | – | 14 | – | – | – | – | – | 6 | – | – | 5 | |
| File:Flag of Paraguay.svg Paraguay | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 7 | – | – | 2 | – | – | – | – | 6 | 3 | |
| File:Flag of Peru.svg Peru | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 5 | – | – | – | 11 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | |
| File:Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | WD | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 9 | – | – | – | 3 | |
| File:Flag of Venezuela.svg Venezuela | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 12 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | |
| CONCACAF | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nation | 00 | 04 | 08 | 12 | 20 | 24 | 28 | 36 | 48 | 52 | 56 | 60 | 64 | 68 | 72 | 76 | 80 | 84 | 88 | 92 | 96 | 00 | 04 | 08 | 12 | 16 | 20 | 24 | Years | |
| File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 13 | – | 6 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3 | |
| File:Flag of Costa Rica.svg Costa Rica | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 16 | 13 | – | – | – | – | 8 | – | – | – | – | – | 3 | |
| File:Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 11 | 7 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | |
| File:Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg Dominican Republic | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 12 | 1 | |
| File:Flag of El Salvador.svg El Salvador | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 15 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | |
| File:Flag of Guatemala.svg Guatemala | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 8 | – | 10 | – | – | 16 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3 | |
| File:Flag of Honduras.svg Honduras | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 10 | – | 16 | 7 | 4 | 14 | – | 5 | |
| File:Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico | – | – | – | – | – | – | 9 | – | 11 | – | – | – | 11 | 4 | 7 | 9 | – | – | DSQ | 10 | 7 | – | 10 | – | 1 | 9 | 3 | – | 12 | |
| File:Flag of the Netherlands Antilles (1986–2010).svg Netherlands Antilles | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 14 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | Split into 2 nations | 1 | ||||
| File:Flag of the United States.svg United States | – | 2[58] | 3 | – | – | – | 12 | 9 | 9 | 11 | 17 | 5 | – | – | – | 14 | – | WD | 9 | 12 | 9 | 10 | 4 | – | 9 | – | – | – | 8 | 15 |
| CAF | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nation | 00 | 04 | 08 | 12 | 20 | 24 | 28 | 36 | 48 | 52 | 56 | 60 | 64 | 68 | 72 | 76 | 80 | 84 | 88 | 92 | 96 | 00 | 04 | 08 | 12 | 16 | 20 | 24 | Years | |
| File:Flag of Algeria.svg Algeria | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 8 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 14 | – | – | 2 | |
| File:Flag of Cameroon.svg Cameroon | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 11 | – | – | – | 1 | – | 8 | – | – | – | – | 3 | |
| File:Flag of Egypt.svg Egypt | – | – | – | – | 8 | 8 | 4 | 9 | 11 | 9 | WD | 12 | 4 | – | – | – | WD | 8 | – | 12 | – | – | – | – | 8 | – | 8 | 4 | 13 | |
| File:Flag of Gabon.svg Gabon | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 12 | – | – | – | 1 | |
| File:Flag of Ghana.svg Ghana | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 7 | 12 | 16 | WD | WD | – | – | 3 | 8 | – | 9 | – | – | – | – | – | 6 | |
| File:Flag of Guinea.svg Guinea | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 11 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 16 | 2 | |
| File:Flag of Côte d'Ivoire.svg Ivory Coast | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 6 | – | – | 7 | – | 2 | |
| File:Flag of Mali.svg Mali | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 5 | – | – | – | – | 14 | 2 | |
| File:Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 13 | WD | 8 | – | – | 12 | – | 15 | – | 16 | 10 | – | 11 | – | – | 3 | 8 | |
| File:Flag of Nigeria.svg Nigeria | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 14 | – | WD | 13 | – | 15 | – | 1 | 8 | – | 2 | – | 3 | – | – | 7 | |
| File:Flag of Senegal.svg Senegal | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 6 | – | – | – | 1 | |
| File:Flag of South Africa.svg South Africa | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | Banned due the Apartheid | – | – | 11 | – | – | – | 13 | 16 | – | 3 | ||||||||
| File:Flag of Sudan.svg Sudan | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 15 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | |
| File:Flag of Tunisia.svg Tunisia | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 15 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 13 | – | 14 | – | 12 | – | – | – | – | – | 4 | |
| File:Flag of Zambia.svg Zambia | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | WD | 15 | – | 5 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | |
| AFC | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nation | 00 | 04 | 08 | 12 | 20 | 24 | 28 | 36 | 48 | 52 | 56 | 60 | 64 | 68 | 72 | 76 | 80 | 84 | 88 | 92 | 96 | 00 | 04 | 08 | 12 | 16 | 20 | 24 | Years | |
| File:Flag of Afghanistan.svg Afghanistan | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 17 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | |
| File:Flag of Australia.svg Australia | Competed with Oceania (qualified 6 times) | 11 | – | – | 12 | – | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 9 | 11 | – | WD | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 14 | – | – | – | – | 13 | – | – | – | – | 4 | |
| File:Flag of Chinese Taipei for Olympic games.svg Chinese Taipei | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 16 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | |
| File:Flag of India.svg India | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 11 | 17 | 4 | 13 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 4 | |
| File:Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 5 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | |
| File:Flag of Iran.svg Iran | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 12 | – | 12 | 7 | WD | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3 | |
| File:Flag of Iraq.svg Iraq | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 5 | 14 | 9 | – | – | – | 4 | – | – | 12 | – | 10 | 6 | |
| File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 5 | – | 6 | – | Competed with Europe (qualified 1 time) | 2 | |||||||||||
| File:Flag of Japan.svg Japan | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 5 | – | – | 9 | – | 8 | 3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 9 | 6 | 13 | 15 | 4 | 10 | 4 | 5 | 12 | |
| File:Flag of Kuwait.svg Kuwait | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 6 | – | – | 16 | – | 12 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3 | |
| File:Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 10 | – | WD | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | |
| File:Flag of Myanmar.svg Myanmar | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 9 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | |
| File:Flag of North Korea.svg North Korea | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | WD | – | – | 8 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | |
| File:Flag of Qatar.svg Qatar | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 15 | – | 8 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | |
| File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 16 | – | – | 15 | – | – | – | – | – | 15 | – | 3 | |
| File:Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 5 | – | – | – | 14 | – | – | – | – | – | 11 | 11 | 11 | 9 | 6 | 10 | 3 | 5 | 5 | – | 11 | |
| File:Flag of Syria.svg Syria | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 14 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | |
| File:Flag of Thailand.svg Thailand | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 9 | – | – | 16 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | |
| File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg United Arab Emirates | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 15 | – | – | – | 1 | |
| File:Flag of Uzbekistan.svg Uzbekistan | Part of Russian Empire / Soviet Union | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 13 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| OFC | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nation | 00 | 04 | 08 | 12 | 20 | 24 | 28 | 36 | 48 | 52 | 56 | 60 | 64 | 68 | 72 | 76 | 80 | 84 | 88 | 92 | 96 | 00 | 04 | 08 | 12 | 16 | 20 | 24 | Years | |
| File:Flag of Australia.svg Australia | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 5 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 7 | 4 | 13 | 15 | 7 | AFC (qualified 2 times) | 6 | |||||
| File:Flag of Fiji.svg Fiji | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 16 | – | – | 1 | |
| File:Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 14 | 16 | – | 6 | 11 | 4 | |
| Total nations | 3 | 2 | 5 | 11 | 14 | 22 | 17 | 16 | 18 | 25 | 11 | 16 | 14 | 16 | 16 | 13 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | ||
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Results
- Keys
- Contested by club teams instead of proper national squads
- Playoff match after the final ended in a tie
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- Notes
- ↑ This tournament was part of the unofficial programme, or a demonstration sport, during the 1896 Olympic Games
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 This tournament was originally a pair of demonstration matches between the three teams, but has subsequently been upgraded to official status by the IOC with medals attributed to the teams based upon the match results.
- ↑ Represented by the Upton Park F.C.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 No final was held so it was played under a round-robin format.
- ↑ Represented by the Club Français.
- ↑ Represented by the University of Brussels, included one British and one Dutch player.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Three teams participated in the tournament.
- ↑ Represented by the Galt F.C.
- ↑ Represented by the Christian Brothers College.
- ↑ Represented by the St. Rose Parish.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 The 1920 final between Belgium and Czechoslovakia was abandoned in the 39th minute with Belgium leading 2–0 after Czechoslovakia walked off to protest the officiating; they were ejected from the competition, and a second tournament to determine the other medalists was held, with Spain beating the Netherlands for second place 3–1.
- ↑ Bronze medal shared.
Performances by countries
Below are the 41 nations that have reached at least the semi-finals in the Summer Olympics finals.
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Women's tournament
| File:Women's football pictogram.svg | |
| Organising body | IOC FIFA |
|---|---|
| Founded | 1996 |
| Region | International |
| Number of teams | 12 (finals) (from 6 confederations) |
| Current champions | File:Flag of the United States.svg United States (5th title) |
| Most successful team(s) | File:Flag of the United States.svg United States (5 titles) |
| File:Soccerball current event.svg 2024 Summer Olympics | |
The women's tournament is contested between the full senior national teams, with no restrictions.[59] One place is reserved for the host country. Of the remaining teams, as in World Cup contests, a specific number of places are reserved for teams from each continental region; the European (UEFA) teams until 2020 are chosen from the most successful European teams in the previous year's World Cup; the UEFA Women's Nations League which its finals is held in the same year as the Olympics was used from 2024, while the other continental regions host their own qualifying tournaments in the build-up to the Olympics. The first women's tournament was at the 1996 Atlanta Games. The United States won the gold medal. Norway defeated the U.S. in 2000 by a golden goal that was highly controversial and seemed like a handball, but was allowed to stand.[60] The finals of the next two tournaments, in 2004 and 2008, also went to extra time, with the U.S. defeating Brazil both times. In 2012 the U.S. won their fourth gold medal defeating Japan 2–1 in the final. In 2016 Germany won its first gold, defeating in the final Sweden, who upset in the succession the U.S. and hosts Brazil. In 2020, Canada won gold on penalties over Sweden, having previously also beaten Brazil and the U.S. Allocation of places for each continent in the 2024 Games was:
- Europe – 3 (includes host France)
- Africa – 2
- Asia – 2
- South America – 2
- North America – 2
- Oceania – 1
Participating nations
Numbers refer to the final placing of each team at the respective Games. Host nation is shown in bold.
Results
- Keys
- a.e.t. – after extra time
- a.s.d.e.t. – after sudden death extra time
Performances by countries
Below are the ten nations that have reached at least the semi-finals in the Summer Olympics finals.
| Team | Gold medals | Silver medals | Bronze medals | Fourth place | Medals |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| File:Flag of the United States.svg United States | 5 (1996, 2004, 2008, 2012, 2024) | 1 (2000) | 1 (2020) | 7 | |
| File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany | 1 (2016) | 4 (2000, 2004, 2008, 2024) | 5 | ||
| File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada | 1 (2020) | 2 (2012, 2016) | 3 | ||
| File:Flag of Norway.svg Norway | 1 (2000) | 1 (1996) | 2 | ||
| File:Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil | 3 (2004, 2008, 2024) | 3 (1996, 2000, 2016) | 3 | ||
| File:Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden | 2 (2016, 2020) | 1 (2004) | 2 | ||
| File:Flag of Japan.svg Japan | 1 (2012) | 1 (2008) | 1 | ||
| File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China | 1 (1996) | 1 | |||
| File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia | 1 (2020) | 0 | |||
| File:Flag of France.svg France | 1 (2012) | 0 | |||
| File:Flag of Spain.svg Spain | 1 (2024) | 0 |
Medal table
- Total medals won (men's and women's) including 1900 and 1904
- Bronze medals shared in 1972 tournament
- As of gold medal match of 2024 Olympics women's tournament
See also
Notes
- ↑ Officially referred to by the IOC simply as 'football'. For more information, see Names for association football.
- ↑ For the 2020 Summer Olympics, the age for the eligible players who had been already qualified were adjusted to under 24 years old, by reason of that Olympics being postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[28][29]
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 City of Coventry Stadium and St. James Park were normally called Ricoh Arena and Sports Direct Arena respectively, but because of the IOC rules disallowing corporate sponsorship for event sites, they were renamed for the duration of the Games.
- ↑ Arena Fonte Nova was normally called Itaipava Arena Fonte Nova, but because of the IOC rules disallowing corporate sponsorship for event sites, the venue was renamed for the duration of the Games.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Tokyo Stadium and International Stadium Yokohama were normally called Ajinomoto Stadium and Nissan Stadium respectively, but because of the IOC rules disallowing corporate sponsorship for event sites, the venue was renamed for the duration of the Games.
References
- ↑ "Tokyo 2020 Football - Olympic Results by Discipline". Archived from the original on 3 July 2021. Retrieved 20 August 2021.
- ↑ "Team sports: how can your Team Qualify for the Paris 2024 Olympics?". Olympics.com. 8 August 2024. Retrieved 8 August 2024.
- ↑ Hartman, Ike (23 July 2021). "Why Olympic Men's Soccer Has An Age Limit". The18. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
- ↑ Hanley, Liam (9 July 2021). "Explaining The New Age-Limit Rules For Olympic Men's Soccer". The18. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
- ↑ Anderson, Jason. "Olympic men's soccer bracket: Standings, schedule and what to know". USA TODAY. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
- ↑ Goff, Steven (19 July 2021). "What to know about soccer at the Tokyo Olympics". Washington Post. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
- ↑ Creditor, Avi. "The USWNT and Sweden: A Frequent Tale on the Tournament Stage". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
- ↑ Cons, Roddy (25 July 2024). "Why is there no age restriction in the women's Olympic soccer tournament?". AS USA. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
- ↑ "Men's International Match Calendar 2023–2030" (PDF). FIFA.com. April 2023. Retrieved 24 July 2024.
- ↑ "Women's International Match Calendar 2024–2025" (PDF). FIFA.com. January 2024. Retrieved 24 July 2024.
- ↑ "Women's International Match Calendar 2026–2029" (PDF). FIFA.com. May 2024. Retrieved 24 July 2024.
- ↑ Borden, Sam (23 July 2024). "2024 Olympics: What to know about USA men's, women's soccer". ESPN.com. Retrieved 24 July 2024.
- ↑ Twomey, Liam. "Why clubs are denying players a place at Olympic Games - and why it is allowed". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Goldblatt 2008, p. 243.
- ↑ Mallon, Bill; Widlund, Ture (1998). The 1896 Olympic Games. Results for All Competitors in All Events, with Commentary. Jefferson: McFarland. p. 118. ISBN 0-7864-0379-9.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 Goldblatt 2008, p. 244.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 Goldblatt 2008, p. 247.
- ↑ Goldblatt 2008, p. 246.
- ↑ Doyle, Paul (24 November 2011). "The forgotten story of ... football, farce and fascism at the 1936 Olympics". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 9 December 2014. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
- ↑ "Controversia – Berlín 36. Un mito derrumbado (The Berlin '36 Controversy. A myth debunked.)" (in español). Larepublica.com.pe. Archived from the original on 22 March 2009. Retrieved 15 February 2009.
- ↑ "Australian Online Soccer Museum". Archived from the original on 3 November 2005. Retrieved 3 November 2006.
- ↑ "Olympics Define Soccer Eligibility". New York Times. 16 July 1983. p. 20, Section 1. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
- ↑ Harvey, Randy (12 December 1986). "IOC Takes Pro and Con Positions on Pros". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
- ↑ Litsky, Frank (30 March 1986). "I.O.C. EXPECTED TO EASE AMATEUR POLICY". New York Times. p. 9, Section 5. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
- ↑ "Football Tournament of the Olympic Games - Overview". RSSSF. Retrieved 15 October 2021.
- ↑ "FIFA SETS OLYMPICS AGE LIMIT". Washington Post. 1 March 2024. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
- ↑ "Sports News Briefs; Age Limit is Set For Games Soccer". New York Times. 4 July 1988. p. 34, Section 1. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
- ↑ "Olympic men's football age limit raised to 24 after Tokyo Games postponement". The Guardian. Associated Press. 3 April 2020. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
- ↑ Wallace, Ava (4 April 2020). "FIFA extends men's age limit for the Tokyo Olympics". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
- ↑ Cart, Julie (17 October 1994). "SOCCER / JULIE CART : Liekoski Faces a Difficult Task Getting U.S. Into Medal Round". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
- ↑ Jones, Grahame L. (6 May 1996). "There's No Luck of Draw for U.S. Soccer Teams". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
- ↑ Dove, Ed (17 July 2024). "They shone at the Olympics... but what happened next to these soccer stars?". ESPN.com. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
- ↑ "Uruguay back in Olympic football after 84 years". Deseret News. 20 June 2012. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
- ↑ Jones, Grahame L. (28 August 2004). "Argentina Looks Unstoppable". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
- ↑ Jones, Grahame L. (24 August 2008). "Argentina wins the gold medal again". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
- ↑ Straus, Brian (26 July 2016). "Olympic men's soccer: Neymar, Brazil eye 1st gold". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
- ↑ Ronay, Barney (21 August 2016). "Neymar the shootout hero blasts Brazil to Olympic football gold against Germany". The Observer. ISSN 0029-7712. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
- ↑ AZZONI, TALES (21 August 2016). "Neymar's gold-winning penalty goal electrifies Brazil". Santa Rosa Press Democrat. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
- ↑ Press, The Oakland (20 August 2016). "Neymar kick is gold, giving Brazil 1st Olympic soccer title". The Oakland Press. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
- ↑ "Neymar gives Brazil soccer gold after shootout". ESPN.com. 20 August 2016. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
- ↑ Chiari, Mike. "Brazil Defeats Spain to Win 2021 Olympic Men's Soccer Gold Medal". Bleacher Report. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
- ↑ "Italy win Olympics place after Under-21 play-off". Reuters. 9 August 2007. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
- ↑ "The Scottish Football Association". Archived from the original on 9 August 2008. Retrieved 12 August 2008.
- ↑ http://www.newsletter.co.uk/sport/YOUR-VIEWS-Olympic-football-threat.4327759[permanent dead link]
- ↑ "Brown pays tribute to GB success". BBC News. 24 August 2008. Retrieved 2 May 2010.
- ↑ "Nations pave way for 2012 GB team". BBC Sport. 29 May 2009. Archived from the original on 31 May 2009. Retrieved 29 May 2009.
- ↑ "London 2012 Olympics: Gareth Bale and non-English players have no 'legal right' to play for Team GB". Daily Telegraph. 24 March 2011. Archived from the original on 12 September 2012. Retrieved 28 April 2011.
- ↑ Idessane, Kheredine (29 June 2012). "London 2012: No Scotland or N Ireland in Olympic football squad". BBC Sport. Retrieved 26 August 2020.
- ↑ Kelso, Paul (14 August 2012). "British Olympic Association chief executive Andy Hunt criticises Football Association for lack of support". London: Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 15 August 2012. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
- ↑ "Organising Committee takes important decisions on FIFA Women's World Cup". FIFA.com. FIFA. 1 October 2018. Archived from the original on 1 October 2018. Retrieved 20 December 2018.
- ↑ "Tokyo 2020 Olympics: Home nations agree to GB women's football team". BBC Sport. 1 October 2018. Archived from the original on 28 November 2018. Retrieved 20 December 2018.
- ↑ "Regulations for the Olympic Football Tournaments" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 August 2016. Retrieved 1 August 2016.
- ↑ "REGULATIONS for the Olympic Football Tournaments" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 September 2015.
- ↑ Fútbol en los Juegos OlímpicosArchived 5 September 2021 at the Wayback Machine by José M. Martín, 8 August 2021
- ↑ The 1900 and 1904 tournaments are not recognized by FIFA. The competition has been held regularly, except 1932. Since 1992, only the U23 national teams are allowed to participate.
- ↑ The East German team represented the United Team of Germany in 1964, winning the bronze medal.
- ↑ When Germany was divided, this flag represented the United Team of Germany in 1956, and the Federal Republic of Germany (i.e., West Germany) in 1952, 1972, 1984 and 1988.
- ↑ The United States had two teams at the 1904 Games, taking the silver and bronze medals.
- ↑ Harvey, Randy (19 September 1993). "IOC to Welcome Palestine : Olympics: Two decades after Munich massacre, executive committee recommends membership". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
- ↑ Lewis, Samantha (28 September 2020). "Julie Foudy remembers USWNT's Sydney 2000 Gold Medal match: 'I can't even watch that game again'". ESPN. Retrieved 31 August 2021.
Works cited
- Goldblatt, David (2 January 2008). The Ball Is Round: A Global History of Football. New York: Riverhead Books. ISBN 978-0-14-101582-8.
External links
- Football news and highlight at Olympics.com
- Men's Olympic Football at FIFA.com
- Women's Olympic Football at FIFA.com
- Football Tournament of the Olympic Games – Overview at the RSSSF
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