Portal:Ireland
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Ireland (/ˈaɪərlənd/ IRE-lənd; Irish: Éire [ˈeːɾʲə] ; Ulster-Scots: Airlann [ˈɑːrlən]) is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean, in north-western Europe. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel, the Irish Sea, and St George's Channel. Ireland is the second-largest island of the British Isles, the third-largest in Europe, and the twentieth-largest in the world. Geopolitically, the island is divided between the Republic of Ireland (officially named Ireland), a sovereign state covering five-sixths of the island, and Northern Ireland, which is part of the United Kingdom. As of 2022, the population of the entire island is just over 7 million, with 5.1 million in the Republic of Ireland and 1.9 million in Northern Ireland, ranking it the second-most populous island in Europe after Great Britain. The geography of Ireland comprises relatively low-lying mountains surrounding a central plain, with several navigable rivers extending inland. Its lush vegetation is a product of its mild but changeable climate which is free of extremes in temperature. Much of Ireland was woodland until the end of the Middle Ages. Today, woodland makes up about 10% of the island, compared with a European average of over 33%, with most of it being non-native conifer plantations. The Irish climate is influenced by the Atlantic Ocean and thus very moderate, and winters are milder than expected for such a northerly area, although summers are cooler than those in continental Europe. Rainfall and cloud cover are abundant. Gaelic Ireland had emerged by the 1st century AD. The island was Christianised from the 5th century onwards. During this period Ireland was divided into many petty kingships under provincial kingships (Cúige "fifth" of the traditional provinces) vying for dominance and the title of High King of Ireland. In the late 8th century to early 11th century AD Viking raids and settlement took place culminating in the Battle of Clontarf on 23 April 1014 which resulted in the ending of Viking power in Ireland. Following the 12th century Anglo-Norman invasion, England claimed sovereignty. However, English rule did not extend over the whole island until the 16th–17th century Tudor conquest, which led to colonisation by settlers from Britain. In the 1690s, a system of Protestant English rule was designed to materially disadvantage the Catholic majority and Protestant dissenters, and was extended during the 18th century. With the Acts of Union in 1801, Ireland became a part of the United Kingdom. A war of independence in the early 20th century was followed by the partition of the island, leading to the creation of the Irish Free State, which became increasingly sovereign over the following decades until it declared a republic in 1948 ( Republic of Ireland Act, 1948) and Northern Ireland, which remained a part of the United Kingdom. Northern Ireland saw much civil unrest from the late 1960s until the 1990s. This subsided following the Good Friday Agreement in 1998. In 1973, both the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom, with Northern Ireland as part of it, joined the European Economic Community. Following a referendum vote in 2016, the United Kingdom, Northern Ireland included, left the European Union (EU) in 2020. Northern Ireland was granted a limited special status and allowed to operate within the EU single market for goods without being in the European Union. Irish culture has had a significant influence on other cultures, especially in the field of literature. Alongside mainstream Western culture, a strong indigenous culture exists, as expressed through Gaelic games, Irish music, Irish language, and Irish dance. The island's culture shares many features with that of Great Britain, including the English language, and sports such as association football, rugby, horse racing, golf, and boxing. (Full article...) Template:/box-footer
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The Clàrsach (Gd.) or Cláirseach (Ga.) is the name given to the wire-strung harp of either Scotland or Ireland. The word was originally cruit, but clàrsach begins to make its appearance in the sources by the end of the 14th century. The earliest descriptions of a European triangular framed harp i.e. harps with a fore pillar are found on 8th century Pictish stones. Pictish harps were strung from horsehair. The instruments apparently spread south to the Anglo Saxons who commonly used gut strings and then west to the Gaels of the Highlands and to Ireland. Historically the carvings were made in the period after the establishment of the Gaelic kingdom of Dál Riata. Despite the lack of direct evidence, some argue for a Gaelic influence. However, there are only thirteen depictions of any triangular chordophone from pre-11th century Europe, and twelve of them come from Scotland. Moreover, the earliest Irish word for a harp is in fact Cruit, a word which strongly suggests a Pictish provenance for the instrument. One study suggests Pictish stone carvings may be copied from the Utrecht Psalter, the only other source outside Pictish Scotland to display a Triangular Chordophone instrument. The Utrecht Psalter was penned between 816-835 A.D. While Pictish Triangular Chordophone carvings found on the Nigg Stone dates from 799 A.D. and pre-dates the document by up to thirty-five years. Read more...
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Simon Byrne was an Irish bare-knuckle prize fighter, nicknamed "The Emerald Gem", who lived between 1806 and 1833. As the heavyweight boxing champion of Ireland, he was drawn to England by larger prize money and hopes of becoming the heavyweight champion there as well. He became one of only six fighters ever to have been involved in fatal fights since both survivor and deceased since records began in 1741. Byrne fought in an era when English boxing, although illegal, was patronised by many powerful individuals. Its patronage and popularity did not, however, free it from corruption, heavy betting, and staged fights. Byrne fought eight recorded matches, but accounts of his career focus on the last three, against the Scottish champion Alexander McKay, the English champion Jem Ward, and James Burke for the vacant championship of England. The injuries McKay received in his fight with Byrne resulted in his death the following day, and rioting in his home country of Scotland. His final contest in May 1833 was a gruelling 99 rounds against James Burke that lasted for 3 hours and 6 minutes, the longest ever recorded prize fight. Byrne died three days later as the result of damage to his brain caused by the beating he had received. Read more...
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Ireland during the Ice Age (from History of Ireland)
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Hurling ball (sliotar) and hurley (camán) (from Culture of Ireland) -
Traditional Irish cottage in County Antrim (from Culture of Ireland)
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A 16th century perception of Irish women and girls, illustrated in the manuscript "Théâtre de tous les peuples et nations de la terre avec leurs habits et ornemens divers, tant anciens que modernes, diligemment depeints au naturel". Painted by Lucas d'Heere in the 2nd half of the 16th century. Preserved in the Ghent University Library. (from History of Ireland) -
The Irish tricolour (from History of Ireland) -
Newgrange, built c. 3200 BCE, is an Irish passage tomb located at Brú na Bóinne. (from History of Ireland) -
After an unusually bitter Irish Catholic rebellion and civil war, Oliver Cromwell, on behalf of the English Commonwealth, re-conquered Ireland by invasion which lasted from 1649 to 1651. Under Cromwell's government, landownership in Ireland was transferred overwhelmingly to Puritan soldiery and commercial undertakers to pay for the war. (from History of Ireland) -
An Irish coffee. (from Culture of Ireland) -
Image 10Irish traditional music sessions often take place in public houses (from Culture of Ireland)Irish traditional music sessions often take place in public houses (from Culture of Ireland)
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Ireland in 1014: a patchwork of rival kingdoms (from History of Ireland)
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The 'Land of the Ever Young', an illustration of the Celtic Otherworld by Arthur Rackham (from Culture of Ireland) -
Irish Soda bread (áran sóide) served with Irish butter (from Culture of Ireland)
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A tower house near Quin, County Clare. The Normans consolidated their presence in Ireland by building hundreds of castles and towers such as this. (from History of Ireland) -
The Easter Proclamation, issued by Leaders of the Easter Rising (from History of Ireland) -
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Gaelic football (from Culture of Ireland) -
Folk music and theatre performers Armagh Rhymers at Aonach Mhacha in County Armagh (2023) (from Culture of Ireland)
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Irish family evicted at Moyasta, County Clare during Land War, c.1879 (from History of Ireland) -
Champ (from Culture of Ireland) -
Irish soldiers, 1521 – by Albrecht Dürer. (from History of Ireland) -
Institute of Education and Celtic Culture, Dingle, County Kerry, Ireland (from Culture of Ireland) -
Irish cream cheesecake (from Culture of Ireland) -
Colcannon (from Culture of Ireland) -
Handcrafted bowl and pitchers by Nicholas Mosse Pottery, founded in 1976 (from Culture of Ireland)
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An Irish-language information sign in the Donegal Gaeltacht (from Culture of Ireland) -
Coddle (from Culture of Ireland)
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Ulster Museum, Belfast. (from Culture of Ireland) -
Great Hall Kitchen in the Carraig Phádraig (from Culture of Ireland)
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The extent of Norman control of Ireland in 1300 (from History of Ireland)
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The Bord Gáis Energy Theatre, Dublin. (from Culture of Ireland) -
Irish stew (Stobhach) (from Culture of Ireland) -
Map showing the Viking settlements in Ireland (from History of Ireland) -
Beef and mushroom boxty (from Culture of Ireland) -
Political map of Ireland (from History of Ireland)
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Portrait of James II of England by Sir Godfrey Kneller.
Forty years later, Irish Catholics, known as "Jacobites", fought for James from 1688 to 1691, but failed to restore James to the throne of Ireland, England and Scotland. (from History of Ireland) -
Bloomsday celebrations in Dublin (from Culture of Ireland) -
A plaster cast of a traditional Samhain turnip lantern (from Culture of Ireland) -
Irish travellers en route to the Cahirmee Horse Fair (1954) (from Culture of Ireland) -
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Seafood chowder (from Culture of Ireland) -
A typical Irish pub in County Donegal (from Culture of Ireland) -
Three men digging for potatoes in Ahascragh, County Galway (Circa 1900) (from Culture of Ireland) -
Barmbrack (Bairín breac) (from Culture of Ireland) -
Cork Opera House. (from Culture of Ireland)
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The Foyle at night. -
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A memorial to the first non-stop transatlantic flight -
An anti-Irish cartoon from 1871 -
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Limerick on the Shannon River (1840) -
The Chicago River, Saint Patrick's Day 2009 -
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Selskar Abbey, Wexford -
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Gaelic Irish soldiers
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Scotch Quay, Waterford -
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Arthur Guinness, founder of the Guinness -
The woolsack, the Irish House of Lords. -
19th century Irish crochet -
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Snap-Apple Night (Halloween) by Daniel Maclise
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The Cross of Cong -
The Gap of Dunloe, Co. Kerry -
A horse drinking near Downpatrick -
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St. Patrick's Street, Cork circa. 1890-1900 -
Cathedral of Saints Patrick and Felim, Cavan
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Dublin (/ˈdʌblɪn/ ; Irish: Baile Átha Cliath, pronounced [ˈbˠalʲə aːhə ˈclʲiə] or [ˌbʲlʲaː ˈclʲiə]) is the capital city of Ireland. On a bay at the mouth of the River Liffey, it is in the province of Leinster, bordered on the south by the Dublin Mountains, a part of the Wicklow Mountains range. At the 2022 census, the city council area had a population of 592,713, while Dublin City and its suburbs had a population of 1,263,219, and County Dublin had a population of 1,501,500, making it the largest city by population on the island of Ireland. A settlement was established in the area by the Gaels during or before the 7th century, followed by the Vikings. As the Kingdom of Dublin grew, it became Ireland's principal settlement by the 12th century Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland. The city expanded rapidly from the 17th century and was briefly the second largest in the British Empire and sixth largest in Western Europe after the Acts of Union in 1800. Following independence in 1922, Dublin became the capital of the Irish Free State, renamed Ireland in 1937. As of 2018[update], the city was listed by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network (GaWC) as a global city, with a ranking of "Alpha minus", which placed it among the top thirty cities in the world. (Full article...)
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Did you know -
- ...that when County Clare was created in 1565 it was moved from Munster to Connacht only to be returned to Munster again in 1602?
- …that the MV Kerlogue, an Irish merchant ship, was attacked by both the Allied and Axis sides during World War II and rescued both sides. They rescued the Wild Rose of Liverpool and they rescued 168 Germans, 164 of who spent the rest of The Emergency interned in the Curragh internment camp?
- ...that the College Historical Society of Trinity College, Dublin is the oldest undergraduate student society in the world?
- ...that to the Romans, Scotia was another name for Hibernia, both meaning Ireland?
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