List of Portuguese colonial forts
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This article will list all fortifications that were built, partially built, or ordered to be built by the Portuguese throughout the globe. All forts in this list are outside the modern territory of Portugal, and were built for the purpose of colonialism and the Portuguese Empire. Some of the forts were in Portuguese hands for a brief period - often a few years before the Portuguese were expelled, while others were held for centuries. Portuguese explorers have discovered many lands and the sea routes in the 15th–18th centuries during the Age of Discovery. Along the way they built outposts and fortresses, many of which still exist today all over the world. These forts are often similar in design and are therefore easy to recognize.
List of forts by region
Africa
| Name | Built | Condition | Image | City/Region | Current country | Historical rulers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EN: Elmina Castle PT: Castelo de São Jorge da Mina |
1482 | Intact | File:St. Georges Castle Elmina Cape Coast.jpg | Elmina | Ghana Ghana | Portugal (1482–1637) Netherlands (1637–1872) Britain (1872–1957) |
| EN: Fort Cacheu PT: Forte de Cacheu |
1588 | Intact | File:Cacheu statues in fortress.jpg | Cacheu | Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau | Portugal (1588–1974) |
| EN: Fort Duke of Braganza PT: Forte Duque de Bragança |
1820 | Ruins | Ilhéu de Sal Rei | Cape Verde Cape Verde | Portugal (1820–1975) | |
| EN: Fort Jesus PT: Forte Jesus de Mombaça |
1593–1596 | Intact | File:Fort JesusMombasa.jpg | Mombasa | Kenya Kenya | Portugal (1593–1698, 1728–1729) Oman (1698–1741, 1837–1895) Local rule (1741–1837) Britain (1895–1963) |
| EN: Fort Saint Anthony PT: Forte de Santo António |
1515 | Intact | File:Overzicht bovenop bastion rechts voor met zicht op beide hoger gelegen bouwdelen - Axim - 20374980 - RCE.jpg | Axim | Ghana Ghana | Portugal (1515–1642) Netherlands (1642–1872) Britain (1872–1957) |
| EN: Fort Saint Cajetan PT: Forte de São Caetano de Sofala |
1505 | Decimated | File:Sofala (1666).jpg | Sofala | Mozambique Mozambique | Portugal (1505–1975) |
| EN: Fort Saint Sebastian PT: Forte de São Sebastião de Xama |
1520–1526 | Intact | File:Fort St Sebastian - Close up.jpg | Shama | Ghana Ghana | Portugal (1520–1642) Netherlands (1642–1872) Britain (1872–1957) |
| EN: Fort Saint Sebastian PT: Forte de São Sebastião |
1558 | Intact | File:Fort Sao Sebastiao.gif | Island of Mozambique | Mozambique Mozambique | Portugal (1558–1975) |
| EN: Fort Saint Sebastian PT: Forte de São Sebastião |
1575 | Intact | File:Sao tome fort.jpg | São Tomé | São Tomé and Príncipe São Tomé and Príncipe | Portugal (1575–1641, 1644–1975) Netherlands (1641–1644) |
| EN: Fortress of Kambambe PT: Fortaleza de Cambambe |
1604 | Ruins | Cambambe | Angola Angola | Portugal (1604–1975) | |
| EN: Fortress of Mazagan PT: Fortaleza de Mazagão |
1514 | Intact | File:Forteresse Jadida 03.JPG | El Jadida | Morocco Morocco | Portugal (1514–1769) Morocco (1769–1912) France (1912–1956) |
| EN: Fortress of Muxima PT: Fortaleza da Muxima |
1599 | Intact | Muxima | Angola Angola | Portugal (1599–1641, 1648–1975) Netherlands (1641–1648) | |
| EN: Fortress of Saint John the Baptist of Ouidah PT: Fortaleza de São João Batista de Ajudá |
1721 | Intact | File:São João Baptista de Ajudá 1886.jpg | Ouidah | Benin Benin | Portugal (1721–1961) |
| EN: Fortress of Saint Joseph Amura PT: Fortaleza de São José da Amura |
1697 | Restored | Bissau | Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau | Portugal (1697–1974) | |
| EN: Fortress of Saint Michael PT: Fortaleza de São Miguel |
1576 | Intact | File:Luanda-SMiguelFort2.jpg | Luanda | Angola Angola | Portugal (1576–1641, 1648–1975) Netherlands (1641–1648) |
| EN: Royal Castle of Mogador PT: Castelo Real de Mogador |
1506 | Demolished | File:Castelo Real Adriaen Matham 1641.jpg | Essaouira | Morocco Morocco | Portugal (1506–1510) |
| EN: Royal Fort of Saint Philip PT: Forte Real de São Filipe |
1587–1593 | Intact | File:CidadeVelha-SaoFelipe2.jpg | Cidade Velha | Cape Verde Cape Verde | Portugal (1587–1975) |
| EN: Royal Walls of Ceuta PT: Muralhas Reais de Ceuta |
1540s | Intact | File:Murallas Reales, Ceuta, España, 2015-12-10, DD 81-83 HDR.JPG | Ceuta | Spain Spain | Portugal (1415–1668) |
| EN: Stronghold of Saint Lawrence PT: Fortim de São Lourenço |
1695 | Intact | File:Fort São Lourenço - Mozambique Island.jpg | Island of São Lourenço | Mozambique Mozambique | Portugal (1695–1975) |
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Americas
| Name | Built | Condition | Image | City/Region | Current country | Historical rulers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EN: Fort of Our Lady of Medicines PT: Forte de Nossa Senhora dos Remédios |
1737 | Ruins | File:Fortaleza de Nossa Senhora dos Remédios.jpg | Fernando de Noronha | Brazil Brazil | Portugal (1737–1822) |
| EN: Fort of Saint Anthony Barra PT: Forte de Santo Antônio da Barra |
1596 | Restored | File:Farol da Barra-02.jpg | Salvador | Brazil Brazil | Portugal (1596–1822) Netherlands (1624–1625) |
| EN: Fort of Saint Anthony Beyond Carmo PT: Forte de Santo Antônio Além do Carmo |
1695–1703 | Intact | File:Forte de Santo Antonio Alem do Carmo.jpg | Salvador | Brazil Brazil | Portugal (1695–1822) |
| EN: Fort Saint Anthony of Gurupá PT: Forte de Santo Antônio de Gurupá |
1601–1619 | Restored | File:Fort of Santo Antônio de Gurupá - IPHAN Picture 3.jpg | Gurupá | Brazil Brazil | Netherlands (1601–1623) Portugal (1623–1822) |
| EN: Fort of Saint James PT: Forte de São Diogo |
1609 | Intact | File:Forte s diogo vista aerea salvador.jpg | Salvador | Brazil Brazil | Portugal (1609–1822) Netherlands (1624–1625) |
| EN: Fort of Saint Lawrence PT: Forte de São Lourenço |
1631 | Restored | File:Forte de São Lourenço, Itaparica 01.jpg | Itaparica | Brazil Brazil | Portugal (1631–1822) Netherlands (1647) |
| EN: Fort of Saint Marcellus PT: Forte de São Marcelo |
1608–1623 | Intact | File:Vista aérea do Forte de São Marcelo.jpg | Salvador | Brazil Brazil | Portugal (1608–1822) Netherlands (1624–1625) |
| EN: Fort of Saint Mary PT: Forte de Santa Maria |
1614 | Intact | File:SantaMariaFortress.jpg | Salvador | Brazil Brazil | Portugal (1614–1822) Netherlands (1624–1625) |
| EN: Fort of Saint Michael PT: Forte de São Miguel |
1737 | Intact | File:Fuerte San Miguel 4.jpg | Dieciocho de Julio | Uruguay Uruguay | Portugal (1737–1763) Spain (1763–1816) Portugal (1816–1822) Brazil (1822–1828) |
| EN: Fort Santana PT: Forte de Santana |
1775 | Ruins | File:2009 fev 10 forte santana.JPG | Fernando de Noronha | Brazil Brazil | Portugal (1775–1822) |
| EN: Fort of the Three Wise Men PT: Forte dos Reis Magos |
1599 | Intact | File:Forte-reis-magos.jpg | Natal | Brazil Brazil | Portugal (1599–1633, 1654–1822) Netherlands (1633–1654) |
| EN: Fortress of the Holy Cross of Anhatomirim PT: Fortaleza de Santa Cruz de Anhatomirim |
1739–1744 | Intact | File:Fortaleza de Anhatomirim.jpg | Governador Celso Ramos | Brazil Brazil | |
| EN: Fortress of the Holy Cross of Barra PT: Fortaleza de Santa Cruz da Barra |
1612 | Intact | File:Fortaleza de Santa Cruz vista do Forte do Pico.jpg | Niterói | Brazil Brazil | Portugal (1612–1822) |
| EN: Fortress of Our Lady of the Assumption PT: Fortaleza de Nossa Senhora da Assunção |
1812 | Intact | File:Forte de Nossa Senhora de Assunção.jpg | Fortaleza | Brazil Brazil | Portugal (1812–1822) |
| EN: Fortress of Our Lady of Conception PT: Fortaleza de Nossa Senhora da Conceição |
1718 | Intact | File:Fortaleza da Conceição 04.jpg | Rio de Janeiro | Brazil Brazil | Portugal (1718–1822) |
| EN: Fortress of Our Lady of Pleasures PT: Fortaleza de Nossa Senhora dos Prazeres |
1767–1769 | Intact | File:BR-Brasil, Paraná, Paranaguá, Ilha do Mel, Fortaleza Nossa Senhora dos Prazeres-7291.jpg | Paranaguá | Brazil Brazil | Portugal (1767–1822) |
| EN: Fortress of Saint Teresa PT: Fortaleza de Santa Teresa |
1762 | Intact | File:Fortaleza ST.jpg | Santa Teresa National Park | Uruguay Uruguay | Portugal (1762–1763) Spain (1763–1816) Portugal (1816–1822) Brazil (1822–1828) |
Asia-Pacific
| Name | Built | Condition | Image | City/region | Current country | Historical rulers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EN: Al Jalali Fort PT: Forte Aljalali Orig: Forte de São João |
1586 | Restored | File:Old Muscat (2).jpg | Muscat | Oman Oman | Portugal (1586–1650) Muscat (1650–1820) Muscat & Oman (1820–1892) Britain (1892–1970) |
| EN: Arippu Fort PT: Forte Arippu |
17th century | Ruins | Mannar | Sri Lanka Sri Lanka | Portugal (17th century-1658) Netherlands (1658–1796) Britain (1796–1948) | |
| EN: Balibo Fort PT: Forte Balibo |
1645–1665 | Intact | File:Forte Portugues, porta principal.jpg | Balibo | East Timor East Timor | Portugal (1645–1975) Indonesia (1975–1999) UNTAET (1999–2002) |
| EN: Batticaloa Fort PT: Forte Batticaloa |
1622–1628 | Intact | File:Batticaloa Portuguese fort.jpg | Batticaloa | Sri Lanka Sri Lanka | Portugal (1622–1638) Netherlands (1638–1796) Britain (1796–1948) |
| EN: Cabo de Rama Fort PT: Forte do Cabo da Rama |
1763 | Ruins | File:Cabo da Rama 839.jpg | Canacona | India India | Portugal (1763–1961) |
| EN: Castle of the Waterpoint PT: Castella de Aguada Orig: Forte de Bandorá |
1640 | Intact | File:Bandra-fort-mumbai.jpg | Mumbai | India India | Portugal (1640–1661) Britain (1661–1947) |
| EN: Chapora Fort PT: Forte de Chaporá |
1717 | Ruins | File:Fort Chapora 26012016.jpg | Chapora | India India | Portugal (1717–1961) |
| EN: Cranganore Fort PT: Forte de Cranganore Orig: Fortaleza da São Tomé |
1523 | Ruins | File:Cranganorefort.jpg | Kodungallur | India India | Portugal (1523–1662) Netherlands (1662–1796) Britain (1796–1947) |
| EN: Diu Fortress PT: Fortaleza de Diu Orig: Fortaleza de São Tomé |
1535 | Intact | File:Entryramparts.jpg | Diu | India India | Portugal (1535–1961) |
| EN: Dongri Fort PT: Forte de Dongri[1] |
1596 | Ruins | File:Dongri Fort 2.jpg | Mumbai | India India | Portugal (1596-1739) Maratha (1739-1818) Britain (1818–1947) |
| EN: The Famous PT: A Famosa |
1511 | Fragments | File:A Famosa Fortress.JPG | Malacca | Malaysia Malaysia | Portugal (1511–1641) Netherlands (1641–1795, 1818–1824) Britain (1795–1818, 1824–1956) Japan (1942–1945) |
| EN: Fort Al-Mirani PT: Forte de Almirani |
16th century | Restored | File:Muscat Fort.jpg | Muscat | Oman Oman | Portugal (16th century-1650) Ottoman Empire (1552, 1581–1588) Muscat (1650–1820) Muscat & Oman (1820–1892) Britain (1892–1970) |
| EN: Fort Anjediva PT: Forte de Angediva |
1505 | Demolished | File:Forte de Anjediva.gif | Anjediva Island | India India | Portugal (1505–1961) |
| EN: Fort Emmanuel PT: Forte de Manuel |
1503 | Ruins | File:Fort cochin relics.jpg | Kochi | India India | Portugal (1503–1663) Netherlands (1663–1795) Britain (1795–1947) |
| EN: Fort Kastela PT: Fortaleza de Ternate Orig: São João Baptista de Ternate |
1522 | Ruins | File:Ruins of Kastella, Ternate.jpg | Ternate | Indonesia Indonesia | Portugal (1522–1575) Ternate (1575–1606) Spain (1606–1663) Netherlands (1663–1942, 1945–1946) Japan (1942–1945) East Indonesia (1946–1950) |
| EN: Fort Victoria, Our Lady of Annunciation Fortress PT: Fortaleza Nossa Senhora de Anunciada |
1575 | Intact | File:Benteng Victoria.jpg | Ambon, Maluku | Indonesia Indonesia | Portugal (1575–1605) Netherlands (1605–1946) Britain (1810–1814) Japan (1942-1945) East Indonesia (1946–1950) Republic of South Maluku (1950) |
| EN: Fort of Our Lady of the Conception PT: Forte de Nossa Senhora da Conceição |
1515 | Fragments | File:Portuguese Castle (Hormuz).jpg | Hormuz | Iran Iran | |
| EN: Fort Qeshm PT: Forte de Queixome |
1621 | Ruins | File:Qeshm Portuguese Castle.jpg | Qeshm | Iran Iran | Portugal (1621–1622) |
| EN: Fort St. Anthony of Simbor PT: Forte de Santo António de Simbor |
1722 | Restored | Simbor | India India | Portugal (1722–1961) | |
| EN: Fort Tarout PT: Forte de Tarout |
1515–1520 | Intact | File:PANO 20160923 170835.jpg | Tarout Island | Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia | Portugal (1515–1559) |
| EN: Fortress of the Watering Place PT: Fortaleza da Aguada |
1612 | Intact | File:Fort aguada.jpg | Sinquerim | India India | Portugal (1612–1961) |
| EN: Galle Fort PT: Forte de Galle |
1584 | Intact | File:SL Galle Fort asv2020-01 img20.jpg | Galle | Sri Lanka Sri Lanka | Portugal (1584–1640) Netherlands (1640–1796) Britain (1796–1948) |
| EN: Ghodbunder Fort PT: Forte de Ghodbunder |
1550–1730 | Ruins | File:Ghodbunder Fort courtyard.jpg | Thane | India India | Portugal (1550–1737) Maratha (1737–1818) Britain (1818–1947) |
| EN: Guia Fortress PT: Fortaleza da Guia |
1622–1638 | Intact | File:Macau - Fortaleza de Guia.JPG | Macau | China China | Portugal (1622–1999) |
| EN: Khasab Fort PT: Forte de Caçapo |
17th century | Restored | File:Khasab Castle view.JPG | Khasab | Oman Oman | |
| EN: Korlai Fort PT: Forte de Korlai Orig: Fortaleza do Morro de Chaul |
1521 | Ruins | File:Korlai fort walkway.jpg | Korlai | India India | Ahmadnagar (1521–1594) Portugal (1594–1739) Maratha (1739–1818) Britain (1818–1947) |
| EN: Madh Fort PT: Forte de Madh |
17th century | Intact | File:Madh-fort3.jpg | Mumbai | India India | Portugal (17th century) Britain (1661–1947) |
| EN: Malé Fort PT: Forte de Malé |
17th century | Demolished | File:View in Male harbour - The Graphic 1886.jpg | Maldives | MaldivesMaldives | Portugal (1558–1650) Netherlands (1650–1796) Britain (1796–1953) |
| EN: Mormugão fort PT: Forte de Mormugão |
1624 | Ruins | Mormugao | India India | Portugal (1624–1961) | |
| EN: Mount Fortress PT: Fortaleza do Monte |
1617–1626 | Intact | File:I bastioni della Fortaleza do Monte a Macao.jpg | Macau | China China | Portugal (1617–1999) |
| EN: Mutrah Fort PT: Forte de Matara |
1580s | Intact | File:Mutrah Fort Muscat.JPG | Muscat | Oman Oman | Portugal (1580s–1650) Muscat (1650–1820) Muscat & Oman (1820–1892) Britain (1892–1970) |
| EN: Negombo Fort PT: Forte de Negombo |
17th century | Fragments | File:SL Negombo asv2020-01 img06 Dutch Fort.jpg | Negombo | Sri Lanka Sri Lanka | Portugal (17th century–1640) Netherlands (1640–1796) Britain (1796–1948) |
| EN: Pallipuram Fort PT: Forte de Paliporto |
1503 | Intact | File:Ayakotta.jpg | Kochi | India India | Portugal (1503–1663) Netherlands (1663–1795) Britain (1795–1947) |
| EN: Pooneryn Fort PT: Forte de Pooneryn |
17th century | Ruins | File:Pooneryn fort.JPG | Pooneryn | Sri Lanka Sri Lanka | Portugal (17th century-1658) Netherlands (1658–1796) Britain (1796–1948) |
| EN: Portuguese Fort PT: Forte Português |
17th century | Intact | File:Pintu Masuk Benteng Portugis Jepara.jpg | Jepara Regency | Indonesia Indonesia | Mataram (17th century-1743) Netherlands (1743–1811, 1814–1942) Britain (1811–1814) Japan (1942–1945) |
| EN: Qal'at al-Bahrain PT: Forte de Barém |
16th century | Intact | File:Bahrain Fort March 2015.JPG | Capital Governorate | Bahrain Bahrain | Portugal (16th century) |
| EN: Redoubt of Counselor Jacinto Cândido PT: Reduto do Conselheiro Jacinto Candido |
1655 | Intact | File:Batugade fort.jpg | Batugade | East Timor East Timor | Portugal (1655–1975) Indonesia (1975–1999) UNTAET (1999–2002) |
| EN: Revdanda Fort PT: Forte de Revdanda Orig: Fortaleza de Chaul |
1524 | Ruins | File:Revdanda Fort outer walls 03.JPG | Revdanda | India India | Portugal (1524–1806) Maratha (1806–1818) Britain (1818–1947) |
| EN: St. Angelo Fort PT: Forte de Santo Ângelo |
1505 | Intact | File:St.angelo fort side view.jpg | Kannur | India India | |
| EN: St. Thomas Fort PT: Forte de São Tomé |
1518 | Ruins | File:Thangassery Fort.jpg | Kollam | India India | Portugal (1518–1661) Netherlands (1661–1795) Britain (1795–1947) |
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See also
References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to List of Portuguese colonial forts.
- ↑ Burnell, John (2007). Bombay in the Days of Queen Anne – Being an Account of the Settlement Also: Burnell's Narrative of his Adventures in Bengal. Read Books. ISBN 9781406755473. Retrieved 22 August 2014.
Notes
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