1960 Summer Olympics

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Games of the XVII Olympiad
File:1960 Summer Olympics logo.png
Emblem of the 1960 Summer Olympics
LocationRome, Italy
Nations83
Athletes5,347 (4,734 men, 613 women)
Events150 in 17 sports (23 disciplines)
Opening25 August 1960
Closing11 September 1960
Opened by
Giovanni Gronchi
President of Italy[1]
Closed by
Avery Brundage
President of the International Olympic Committee
Cauldron
Giancarlo Peris[1]
StadiumStadio Olimpico
Summer
Winter
1960 Summer Paralympics

The 1960 Summer Olympics (Italian: Giochi Olimpici estivi del 1960), officially known as the Games of the XVII Olympiad (Italian: Giochi della XVII Olimpiade) and commonly known as Rome 1960 (Italian: Roma 1960), were an international multi-sport event held from 25 August to 11 September 1960 in Rome, Italy. Rome had previously been awarded the administration of the 1908 Summer Olympics, but following the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 1906, the city had no choice but to decline and pass the honour to London. The Soviet Union won the most gold and overall medals at the 1960 Games. The 1st Paralympic Games were held in Rome in conjunction with the 1960 Summer Olympics, marking the first time such events coincided.

Host city selection

On 15 June 1955, at the 50th IOC Session in Paris, France, Rome won the right to host the 1960 Games, having beaten Brussels, Mexico City, Tokyo, Detroit, Budapest and finally Lausanne. Tokyo and Mexico City would subsequently host the proceeding 1964 and 1968 Summer Olympics respectively.[2] Toronto was initially interested in the bidding, but was automatically removed from consideration when it failed to return the IOC's mandatory questionnaire by the deadline. The questionnaire may have been mislaid in the confusion following the death of the Toronto bid's chief organiser, Robert Hood Saunders, in a plane crash weeks before the deadline.[3] This was the first of five unsuccessful attempts by Toronto to secure the Summer Olympics, the most recent being a bid for the 2008 Games.[4]

1960 Summer Olympics bidding results[5]
City Country Round
1 2 3
Rome File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy 15 26 35
Lausanne File:Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland 14 21 24
Detroit File:Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg United States 6 11 —
Budapest File:Flag of Hungary (1949-1956; 1-2 aspect ratio).svg Hungary 8 1 —
Brussels File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium 6 — —
Mexico City File:Flag of Mexico (1934-1968).svg Mexico 6 — —
Tokyo File:Flag of Japan (1870-1999).svg Japan 4 — —

Highlights

File:Torcia Olimpica Roma 1960.jpg
The Olympic Torch of Rome 1960
File:Abebe Bikila sprints away from Rhadi Ben Abdesselam.jpg
Abebe Bikila of Ethiopia wins the marathon barefooted

Lowlights

  • Danish cyclist Knud Jensen collapsed during the 100km team race because of heat stroke and later died in the hospital. It was suspected that he had been under the influence of Roniacol, a blood circulation stimulant.[9] The International Olympic Committee stated on its website that "drugs were implicated, although that was never proven."[10] It was the second time (and as of 2024, the most recent) an athlete died in competition at the Olympics, after the death of Portuguese marathon runner Francisco Lázaro at the 1912 Summer Olympics.[11]

Historical landmarks

  • South Africa appeared in the Olympic arena for the last time under its apartheid regime. It would not be allowed to return until 1992, by when apartheid in sport was being abolished.
  • Singapore competed for the first time under its own flag, which was to become its national flag after independence, as the British had granted it self-government a year earlier. Tan Howe Liang won silver in the Weightlifting lightweight category, which was the first time (and the only time until 2008) that an athlete from Singapore won an Olympic medal.

Non-medal winners

Broadcasting

  • CBS paid US$394,000 (equivalent to $3.11 million in 2023) for the exclusive right to broadcast the Games in the United States. This was the first Summer Olympic games to be telecast in North America. In addition to CBS in the United States, the Olympics were telecast for the first time in Canada (on CBC Television) and in Mexico (through the networks of Telesistema Mexicano). Since television broadcast satellites were still two years into the future, CBS, CBC, and TSM shot and edited videotapes in Rome, fed the tapes to Paris where they were re-recorded onto other tapes which were then loaded onto jet planes to North America. Planes carrying the tapes landed at Idlewild Airport in New York City, where mobile units fed the tapes to CBS, to Toronto for the CBC, and to Mexico City for TSM. Despite this arrangement, many daytime events were broadcast in North America, especially on CBS and CBC, the same day they took place.[12]

Venues

Main article: Venues of the 1960 Summer Olympics
File:Rome Olympics 1960 - Opening Day.jpg
Opening Ceremony in 1960 Summer Olympics in Stadio Olimpico in Rome, Italy

1 New facilities constructed in preparation for the Olympic Games. 2 Existing facilities modified or refurbished in preparation for the Olympic Games.

Games

Participating National Olympic Committees

File:1960 Summer Olympic games countries.png
Participants
File:1960 Summer olympics team numbers.gif
Number of athletes per country

A total of 83 nations participated at the Rome Games. Athletes from Morocco, San Marino, Sudan, and Tunisia competed at the Olympic Games for the first time. Athletes from Barbados, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago would represent the new (British) West Indies Federation, competing as "Antilles", but this nation would only exist for this single Olympiad. Athletes from Northern Rhodesia and Southern Rhodesia competed under the Rhodesia name while representing the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland. Athletes from East Germany and West Germany would compete as the United Team of Germany from 1956 to 1964. Athletes from the People's Republic of China last competed at the 1952 Summer Games but had since withdrawn from the Olympic movement due to a dispute with the Republic of China over the right to represent China.[13] The number in parentheses indicates the number of participants that each country contributed.

Participating National Olympic Committees

Number of athletes by National Olympic Committees

Sports

The 1960 Summer Olympics featured 17 different sports encompassing 23 disciplines, and medals were awarded in 150 events. In the list below, the number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses.

Calendar

All dates are in Central European Time (UTC+1)
See also: Chronological summary of the 1960 Summer Olympics

{{#section:Chronological summary of the 1960 Summer Olympics|Calendar}}

Medal count

Main article: 1960 Summer Olympics medal table

These are the top ten nations that won medals at the 1960 Games:[15]

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union432931103
2File:Flag of the United States.svg United States34211671
3File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy*13101336
4File:Flag of the German Olympic Team (1960-1968).svg United Team of Germany12191142
5File:Flag of Australia.svg Australia88622
6File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey7209
7File:Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary68721
8File:Flag of Japan (1870-1999).svg Japan47718
9File:Flag of Poland (1928-1980).svg Poland461121
10File:Flag of Czechoslovakia.svg Czechoslovakia3238
Totals (10 entries)134112105351

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Factsheet - Opening Ceremony of the Games of the Olympiad" (PDF) (Press release). International Olympic Committee. 9 October 2014. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 August 2016. Retrieved 22 December 2018.
  2. ↑ "IOC VOTE HISTORY". Archived from the original on 25 May 2008. Retrieved 11 June 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  3. ↑ Bradburn, Jamie (6 August 2024). "Outbid: How Toronto lost the Olympics again and again — and again". TVO Today. Retrieved 8 September 2024.
  4. ↑ Edwards, Peter (24 July 2015). "Toronto has made 5 attempts to host the Olympics. Could the sixth be the winner?". thestar.com.
  5. ↑ "Past Olympic host city election results". GamesBids. Archived from the original on 24 January 2011. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
  6. ↑ Coplan, Joseph (19 July 2000). "Profiling Jeff Farrell, 1968 ISHOF Honor Swimmer". USMS. Retrieved 23 March 2011.
  7. ↑ Zaborney, Mark (11 March 2016). "Ramon 'Buddy' Carr (1926-2016): TPD officer coached gold-medalist boxer". Toledo Blade.
  8. ↑ Henderson, Jon (26 June 2012). "Great Olympic Moments: UCLA friends Rafer Johnson and Yang Chuan-kwang make decathlon history in 1960". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 26 July 2012. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
  9. ↑ Wallechinsky, David. The complete book of the Winter Olympics : 2014 edition. ISBN 978-1-937530-70-9. OCLC 870338894.
  10. ↑ 1967: Creation of the IOC Medical Commission
  11. ↑ Maraniss, David (2008). Rome 1960: The Olympics That Changed the World (1st ed.). New York City, NY: Simon & Schuster. p. 138. ISBN 978-1-4165-3407-5.
  12. ↑ "OLYMPICS AND TELEVISION - The Museum of Broadcast Communications". Museum.tv. Archived from the original on 27 July 2009. Retrieved 23 March 2011.
  13. ↑ Xiao, Li. "China and the Olympic Movement". China Internet Information Center. Retrieved 4 August 2011.
  14. ↑ Official Olympic Reports. Archived from the original on 22 June 2006.
  15. ↑ Byron, Lee; Cox, Amanda; Ericson, Matthew (4 August 2008). "A Map of Olympic Medals". The New York Times. Retrieved 26 February 2012.

External links

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